DOCSLIB.ORG

LUNAR CRATERS with CRACKED FLOORS by Roger Nelson Weller a Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT of GEOSCIENCES in P

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
LUNAR CRATERS with CRACKED FLOORS by Roger Nelson Weller a Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT of GEOSCIENCES in P Lunar craters with cracked floors Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Weller, Roger Nelson, 1944- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 24/09/2021 00:53:28 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/347802 LUNAR CRATERS WITH CRACKED FLOORS by Roger Nelson Weller A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF GEOSCIENCES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In the Graduate, College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 19 7 2 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of re­ quirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judg­ ment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown below: SPENCER R. TIT LEY Date Professor of Geosciences ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my many friends and colleagues who have donated much valuable time in assisting me with this thesis. I am especially indebted to Dr. S. R. Titley for criti­ cally reviewing the thesis, to Dr. W. B. Bull for stressing the develop­ ment of interpretative criteria, and to Dr. R. G. Strom for evaluating the feasibility of the proposed mechanisms. Other workers from whose constructive criticisms and us.eful suggestions I have greatly benefited are E. A. Whitaker and Drs. P. E. Damon, W. K. Hartmann, G. P. Kuiper, W.C. Lacy, and E. B. Mayo. I would also like to thank my fellow students, J. Cannon, N. Colburn, R. Holcomb, P. Kresan, S. Larson, D. Vukobratovich, and H. Welhener not only for allowing me to sound out my ideas but also for their assitance in typing and in the preparation of photographs. I am especially indebted to my parents for their kind encourage­ ment in my studies throughout my youth and for their faith in me. I would also like to acknowledge my thankfulness to two people who were influ­ ential in directing my interest at any early age toward geology: Mr. Walter Bone and my grandmother, Mrs. Arthur Weller. A portion of this study was financed by a summer trainee ship in 1970 from the National Science Foundation. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. .. vil LIST OF TABLES .................... xii ABSTRACT. ....................... .... xiii 1. INTRODUCTION........................... 1 The Problem . .................................... 1 The Approach . 1 Materials and Conventions ............. 4 2 . ' DESCRIPTION AND GENERAL NATURE OF THE CRACKS . 5 Crack W idths ............................................. 5 Maximum and Mean Maximum Crack Widths .... 5 Mean Crack W idth ...................................................... 8 Minimum Crack Width . 8 Crack Depth and Wall S l o p e s ................................ 9 Summary of Crack Cross-sectional P r o f ile s...................... 12 Total Crack Lengths and Crack Density ........ 13 Crack Direction .................. 14 Rose Diagrams. 16 Crater-centered Directional C ontrol............................ 20 Crack Patterns......................................... 21 Pitatus Crack Pattern........................... 21 Humboldt Crack Pattern......................................... 29 Petavius Crack Pattern......................................... 29 Alphonsus Crack Pattern ............ 29 Lavoisier H Crack Pattern . 29 Wurzelbauer Crack Pattern . .......... 38 Summary of the Crack Patterns . .................. 38 Crack Configurations.................................... 38 Summary of Crack Descriptions ........... 40 3. CLASSIFICATION AND GENESIS OF THE LUNAR RILLES . 46 Sinuous Rilles...................... 46 Wide-floored Rilles . 52 Irregular Rilles ...................... 60 Lineament Rilles......................................... 64 Cracks . ...... ...... 66 iv V TABLE OF CONTENTS— Continued • . Page 4. CRATER-FLOOR MATERIALS . .............. 69 Original Crater-floor Materials . 69 Dark Secondary Crater-floor Fillings 72 Light-colored Secondary Crater Fillings ........ 79 Small-scale Features of Possible Volcanic Origin. 85 - Summary of Crater-floor Materials .......... 92 5. CRATER FLOOR AND RIM MORPHOLOGY , . , . .... 93 Crater-floor Morphology . .... 93 Crater-rim Morphology . 101 6. REGIONAL CONTROL OF CRATERS WITH CRACKED FLOORS . 109 Size-frequency Distribution of Lunar Craters with Cracked Floors ....................................................... 109 Distribution of Craters with Cracked Floors by Latitude and Longitude...................... 112 Distribution by Latitude .' ............ 112 Distribution by Longitude . .. ...... 113 Distribution of the Craters with Cracked Floors in Relation to the Maria. 117 Formation of the Circular Maria ......... 119 Formation of the Irregular Maria . ......................... 126 Lineaments Related to Craters with Cracked Floors . 127 Summary ........................... 130 7. TERRESTRIAL ANALOGUES ................ 133 Resurgent Calderas. ................................ 134 Terminology and General Characteristics ......... 134 Valles Caldera. ........................... 136 Timber Mountain Caldera . ..... 138 Turkey Creek Caldera. ......... .... 142 Comparison between Terrestrial Resurgent Calderas and Lunar Craters with Cracked Floors . 143 Cauldron Block vs Crater Filling ............ 145 Physical Characteristics of Magmas. Associated with Lunar Craters with Cracked Floors .... .. 146 Martian Analogues to the Lunar Craters with Cracked Floors . .... 148 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS--Continued Page 8„ A GENERALIZED MODEL FOR THE FORMATION OF LUNAR CRATERS WITH CRACKED FLOORS ........ 150 Crater Formation ...................... ........... 150 Crater Fillings................................ 154 Development of the Cracks ^ . .... 157 Implications.. 159 APPENDIX I: LUNAR CRATERS WITH CRACKED FLOORS . 161 APPENDIX II: WIDTH MEASUREMENTS OF CRACKS . 165 APPENDIX III: DEGREE OF CRACKING. ......... 168 APPENDIX IV: CRACK PATTERNS ............. 171 REFERENCES. ..................... 173 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1.' The Lavoisier Group of Craters with Cracked Floors . 2 2. Crater Palmier! ...... • • • • . V ...... 3 3. Maximum and Mean Maximum Crack Width Values Plotted vs Crater Diameter ............. 6 4. Mean and Minimum Crack Width Values Plotted vs Crater Diameter . .... „ ... 7 5. Hypothetical Models of Shadow Geometry in Cracks . 10 6. Close-up View of a Typical Crack within the Crater Gassendi ................. 11 7. Crater Density Plotted vs Crater Diameter ....... 15 8. Crater Hevelius . ...................... 17 9. Map of Hevelius Derived from Figure 8........ 18 10. Crater Lavoisier D . ........ .... 19 11. Semi-quantitized Crack Densities for Five Angular Crack Relationships . ..... 22 12. Graphic Summary of Idealized Major Crack Patterns . 23 13. Craters Pitatus, Hesiodus , and Wurzelbauer ...... 24 14. Map of Pitatus Region Derived from Figure 13 ..... 25 15. Craters Lavoisier and Lavoisier F ........... 26 16. The Lunar Far side Crater Chappell .......... 27 17. The Lunar Farside Basin-crater Oppenheimer . 28 18. Crater Humboldt. .................. 30 19. Map of Humboldt Derived from Figure 18 ....... 31 20. Crater Schluter . ................ 32 v ii . v iii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS—Continued Figure Page 21. Grater Petavius ................... 33 22. Craters Einstein "V" and Einstein " U" ......... 34 23. Crater Alphonsus 35 24. Map of Alphonsus Derived from Figure 23 . ..... 36 25. Crater Lavoisier H, ,, .... „ ........... 37 26. Eastern Portion of the Crater Floor in Humboldt ..... 39 27. Northeast Portion of the Crater Floor in Pitatus ..... 41 28. Crater Arzachel ........................ 42 29. Craters Rep sold and Repsold G ............ 43 30. Crater Messala ................... 44 31. Crater Posidonius .................. 48 32. Map of Posidonius Derived from Figure 31 . ...... 49 33. Schroter's Valley and the Cobra Head ......... 50 34. Wide-floored Rilles and Strings of Secondary Impact Craters near the Crater Ramsden ....... 54 35. Wide-floored Rilles Adjacent to the Crater Campanus . 55 36. Trace Configurations Characteristic of Wide-floored Rilles ................ 56. 37 . Eastern Margin of Mare Serenitatis .......... 58 38. Crater Hyginus and the Hygihus Rille . .... 59 39. Trace Configurations Characteristic of Irregular Rilles . 62 40. Wide-floored and Irregular Rilles near the Crater Triesnecker ................ 63 41. Lineament Rilles near the Crater Airy. ......... 65 42. Rough Floor Materials in the Central Portion of Tycho . 71 ix LIST OF ILLU STRAT IONS --Continued Figure Page 43. A Close-up View of the Northern Portion of the Crater Floor in TsioIkovsky . .. 74 44. Modified Cracks and Associated Dark Floor Materials Within the Crater Petavius . ^ . .- . 76 45. Dark-halo
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Geoscience and a Lunar Base
    " t N_iSA Conference Pubhcatmn 3070 " i J Geoscience and a Lunar Base A Comprehensive Plan for Lunar Explora, tion unclas HI/VI 02907_4 at ,unar | !' / | .... ._-.;} / [ | -- --_,,,_-_ |,, |, • • |,_nrrr|l , .l -- - -- - ....... = F _: .......... s_ dd]T_- ! JL --_ - - _ '- "_r: °-__.......... / _r NASA Conference Publication 3070 Geoscience and a Lunar Base A Comprehensive Plan for Lunar Exploration Edited by G. Jeffrey Taylor Institute of Meteoritics University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico Paul D. Spudis U.S. Geological Survey Branch of Astrogeology Flagstaff, Arizona Proceedings of a workshop sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C., and held at the Lunar and Planetary Institute Houston, Texas August 25-26, 1988 IW_A National Aeronautics and Space Administration Office of Management Scientific and Technical Information Division 1990 PREFACE This report was produced at the request of Dr. Michael B. Duke, Director of the Solar System Exploration Division of the NASA Johnson Space Center. At a meeting of the Lunar and Planetary Sample Team (LAPST), Dr. Duke (at the time also Science Director of the Office of Exploration, NASA Headquarters) suggested that future lunar geoscience activities had not been planned systematically and that geoscience goals for the lunar base program were not articulated well. LAPST is a panel that advises NASA on lunar sample allocations and also serves as an advocate for lunar science within the planetary science community. LAPST took it upon itself to organize some formal geoscience planning for a lunar base by creating a document that outlines the types of missions and activities that are needed to understand the Moon and its geologic history.
    [Show full text]
  • No. 40. the System of Lunar Craters, Quadrant Ii Alice P
    NO. 40. THE SYSTEM OF LUNAR CRATERS, QUADRANT II by D. W. G. ARTHUR, ALICE P. AGNIERAY, RUTH A. HORVATH ,tl l C.A. WOOD AND C. R. CHAPMAN \_9 (_ /_) March 14, 1964 ABSTRACT The designation, diameter, position, central-peak information, and state of completeness arc listed for each discernible crater in the second lunar quadrant with a diameter exceeding 3.5 km. The catalog contains more than 2,000 items and is illustrated by a map in 11 sections. his Communication is the second part of The However, since we also have suppressed many Greek System of Lunar Craters, which is a catalog in letters used by these authorities, there was need for four parts of all craters recognizable with reasonable some care in the incorporation of new letters to certainty on photographs and having diameters avoid confusion. Accordingly, the Greek letters greater than 3.5 kilometers. Thus it is a continua- added by us are always different from those that tion of Comm. LPL No. 30 of September 1963. The have been suppressed. Observers who wish may use format is the same except for some minor changes the omitted symbols of Blagg and Miiller without to improve clarity and legibility. The information in fear of ambiguity. the text of Comm. LPL No. 30 therefore applies to The photographic coverage of the second quad- this Communication also. rant is by no means uniform in quality, and certain Some of the minor changes mentioned above phases are not well represented. Thus for small cra- have been introduced because of the particular ters in certain longitudes there are no good determi- nature of the second lunar quadrant, most of which nations of the diameters, and our values are little is covered by the dark areas Mare Imbrium and better than rough estimates.
    [Show full text]
  • Glossary Glossary
    Glossary Glossary Albedo A measure of an object’s reflectivity. A pure white reflecting surface has an albedo of 1.0 (100%). A pitch-black, nonreflecting surface has an albedo of 0.0. The Moon is a fairly dark object with a combined albedo of 0.07 (reflecting 7% of the sunlight that falls upon it). The albedo range of the lunar maria is between 0.05 and 0.08. The brighter highlands have an albedo range from 0.09 to 0.15. Anorthosite Rocks rich in the mineral feldspar, making up much of the Moon’s bright highland regions. Aperture The diameter of a telescope’s objective lens or primary mirror. Apogee The point in the Moon’s orbit where it is furthest from the Earth. At apogee, the Moon can reach a maximum distance of 406,700 km from the Earth. Apollo The manned lunar program of the United States. Between July 1969 and December 1972, six Apollo missions landed on the Moon, allowing a total of 12 astronauts to explore its surface. Asteroid A minor planet. A large solid body of rock in orbit around the Sun. Banded crater A crater that displays dusky linear tracts on its inner walls and/or floor. 250 Basalt A dark, fine-grained volcanic rock, low in silicon, with a low viscosity. Basaltic material fills many of the Moon’s major basins, especially on the near side. Glossary Basin A very large circular impact structure (usually comprising multiple concentric rings) that usually displays some degree of flooding with lava. The largest and most conspicuous lava- flooded basins on the Moon are found on the near side, and most are filled to their outer edges with mare basalts.
    [Show full text]
  • Planetary Surfaces
    Chapter 4 PLANETARY SURFACES 4.1 The Absence of Bedrock A striking and obvious observation is that at full Moon, the lunar surface is bright from limb to limb, with only limited darkening toward the edges. Since this effect is not consistent with the intensity of light reflected from a smooth sphere, pre-Apollo observers concluded that the upper surface was porous on a centimeter scale and had the properties of dust. The thickness of the dust layer was a critical question for landing on the surface. The general view was that a layer a few meters thick of rubble and dust from the meteorite bombardment covered the surface. Alternative views called for kilometer thicknesses of fine dust, filling the maria. The unmanned missions, notably Surveyor, resolved questions about the nature and bearing strength of the surface. However, a somewhat surprising feature of the lunar surface was the completeness of the mantle or blanket of debris. Bedrock exposures are extremely rare, the occurrence in the wall of Hadley Rille (Fig. 6.6) being the only one which was observed closely during the Apollo missions. Fragments of rock excavated during meteorite impact are, of course, common, and provided both samples and evidence of co,mpetent rock layers at shallow levels in the mare basins. Freshly exposed surface material (e.g., bright rays from craters such as Tycho) darken with time due mainly to the production of glass during micro- meteorite impacts. Since some magnetic anomalies correlate with unusually bright regions, the solar wind bombardment (which is strongly deflected by the magnetic anomalies) may also be responsible for darkening the surface [I].
    [Show full text]
  • Bills Paid by Payee Second Quarter Fiscal Year 20/21
    BILLS PAID BY PAYEE SECOND QUARTER FISCAL YEAR 20/21 A complete detailed record is available at the Elko County Comptroller's Office. Office Hours: Monday-Friday 8:00A.M. until 5:00P.M. 540 Court St. Suite 101 Elko, NV 89801 Office Phone (775)753-7073*Disclaimer-The original and any duplicate or copy of each receipt, bill,check,warrant,voucher or other similar document that supports a transaction, the amount of which is shown in the total of this report, along with the name of the person whom such allowance is made and the purpose of the allowance, is a public record that is available for inspection and copying by any person pursuant to the provisions of chapter 239 of NRS. VENDOR CHECK ARGO COMPANY, INC 821.98 A ARNOLD BECK CONSTRUCTION 1,599.40 AT&T 3,697.06 5TH GEAR POWER SPORTS 41.74 AT&T MOBILITY 42.24 A PLUS URGENT CARE 766 AUTO GRAPHICS 400 A PLUS URGENT CARE ELKO 846.33 B A-1 RADIATOR REPAIR INC. 1,079.00 BARBARA J HOFHEINS 121.9 ACKERMAN MATTHEW 1388.93 BARBARA JO MAPLE 762.5 ADVANCE AUTO CARE 629.89 BARRY RENTAL 86.03 ADVANCED RADIOLOGY 1195.5 BEI CAPELI 5,000.00 AIRGAS 541.3 BERTOLINI VALVES INC 1,859.12 AIRPORT SHELL 9 BETTY HICKS 177.56 ALCOHOL MONITORING SYSTEMS INC 791 BLAINE ROBINSON & NIKIERA CAST 1,132.00 ALERTUS TECHNOLOGIES LLC 4,950.00 BLOHM JEWELERS INC 5,000.00 ALICIA GUAMAN 58 BLUE 360 MEDIA LLC 70.75 ALLIED UNIVERAL SECURITY SERVI 37,229.50 BOARD OF REGENTS 14300.04 ALLUSIVE IMAGES 5,000.00 BOB BARKER COMPANY 4418.55 ALYSSA K DANN 120 BONANZA PRODUCE 320.23 AMANDA JEAN GIRMAUDO 160 BOSS TANKS 5,024.00 AMBER DAWN
    [Show full text]
  • Exploration of the Moon
    Exploration of the Moon The physical exploration of the Moon began when Luna 2, a space probe launched by the Soviet Union, made an impact on the surface of the Moon on September 14, 1959. Prior to that the only available means of exploration had been observation from Earth. The invention of the optical telescope brought about the first leap in the quality of lunar observations. Galileo Galilei is generally credited as the first person to use a telescope for astronomical purposes; having made his own telescope in 1609, the mountains and craters on the lunar surface were among his first observations using it. NASA's Apollo program was the first, and to date only, mission to successfully land humans on the Moon, which it did six times. The first landing took place in 1969, when astronauts placed scientific instruments and returnedlunar samples to Earth. Apollo 12 Lunar Module Intrepid prepares to descend towards the surface of the Moon. NASA photo. Contents Early history Space race Recent exploration Plans Past and future lunar missions See also References External links Early history The ancient Greek philosopher Anaxagoras (d. 428 BC) reasoned that the Sun and Moon were both giant spherical rocks, and that the latter reflected the light of the former. His non-religious view of the heavens was one cause for his imprisonment and eventual exile.[1] In his little book On the Face in the Moon's Orb, Plutarch suggested that the Moon had deep recesses in which the light of the Sun did not reach and that the spots are nothing but the shadows of rivers or deep chasms.
    [Show full text]
  • Sky and Telescope
    SkyandTelescope.com The Lunar 100 By Charles A. Wood Just about every telescope user is familiar with French comet hunter Charles Messier's catalog of fuzzy objects. Messier's 18th-century listing of 109 galaxies, clusters, and nebulae contains some of the largest, brightest, and most visually interesting deep-sky treasures visible from the Northern Hemisphere. Little wonder that observing all the M objects is regarded as a virtual rite of passage for amateur astronomers. But the night sky offers an object that is larger, brighter, and more visually captivating than anything on Messier's list: the Moon. Yet many backyard astronomers never go beyond the astro-tourist stage to acquire the knowledge and understanding necessary to really appreciate what they're looking at, and how magnificent and amazing it truly is. Perhaps this is because after they identify a few of the Moon's most conspicuous features, many amateurs don't know where Many Lunar 100 selections are plainly visible in this image of the full Moon, while others require to look next. a more detailed view, different illumination, or favorable libration. North is up. S&T: Gary The Lunar 100 list is an attempt to provide Moon lovers with Seronik something akin to what deep-sky observers enjoy with the Messier catalog: a selection of telescopic sights to ignite interest and enhance understanding. Presented here is a selection of the Moon's 100 most interesting regions, craters, basins, mountains, rilles, and domes. I challenge observers to find and observe them all and, more important, to consider what each feature tells us about lunar and Earth history.
    [Show full text]
  • B. Apollo 16 Regional Geologic Setting
    B. APOLLO 16REGIONAL GEOLOGIC SETTING By CARROLL ANN HODGES CONTENTS Page Geography 6 Geologic description of Cayley plains and Descartes mountains 6 Relation in time and space to basins and craters 8 ILLUSTRATIONS Page FIGURE 1. Composite photograph of the lunar near side showing geographic features and multiring basins 7 2. Photographic mosaic of Apollo 16 landing site and vicinity 8 GEOGRAPHY Soderblom and Boyce,1972). The type area of the Cayley Formation is east of the crater Cayley, north of Apollo 16 landed at approximately 15”30’ E., 9” S. on the landing site (Morris and Wilhelms, 1967); the the relatively level Cayley plains, adjacent to the rug- name was extended to the apparently similar plains ged Descartes mountains (Milton, 1972; Hodges, material at the Apollo 16 site (Milton, 1972; Hodges, 1972a). Approximately 70 km east is the west-facing 1972a). These materials were presumed to be represen- escarpment of the Kant plateau, part of the uplifted tative of the widespread photogeologic unit, Imbrian third ring of the Nectaris basin and topographically light plains, which covers about 5 percent of the lunar the highest area on the lunar near side. With respect to highlands surface (Wilhelms and McCauley, 1971; the centers of the three best-developed multiringed Howard and others, 1974). Characteristics include rel- basins, the site is about 600 km west of Nectaris, 1,600 atively level surfaces, intermediate albedo, and nearly km southeast of Imbrium, and 3,500 km east-northeast identical crater size-frequency distributions. of Orientale. The nearest mare materials are in The plains were first interpreted as smooth facies of Tranquillitatis, about 300 km north (fig.1).
    [Show full text]
  • Science Concept 5: Lunar Volcanism Provides a Window Into the Thermal and Compositional Evolution of the Moon
    Science Concept 5: Lunar Volcanism Provides a Window into the Thermal and Compositional Evolution of the Moon Science Concept 5: Lunar volcanism provides a window into the thermal and compositional evolution of the Moon Science Goals: a. Determine the origin and variability of lunar basalts. b. Determine the age of the youngest and oldest mare basalts. c. Determine the compositional range and extent of lunar pyroclastic deposits. d. Determine the flux of lunar volcanism and its evolution through space and time. INTRODUCTION Features of Lunar Volcanism The most prominent volcanic features on the lunar surface are the low albedo mare regions, which cover approximately 17% of the lunar surface (Fig. 5.1). Mare regions are generally considered to be made up of flood basalts, which are the product of highly voluminous basaltic volcanism. On the Moon, such flood basalts typically fill topographically-low impact basins up to 2000 m below the global mean elevation (Wilhelms, 1987). The mare regions are asymmetrically distributed on the lunar surface and cover about 33% of the nearside and only ~3% of the far-side (Wilhelms, 1987). Other volcanic surface features include pyroclastic deposits, domes, and rilles. These features occur on a much smaller scale than the mare flood basalts, but are no less important in understanding lunar volcanism and the internal evolution of the Moon. Table 5.1 outlines different types of volcanic features and their interpreted formational processes. TABLE 5.1 Lunar Volcanic Features Volcanic Feature Interpreted Process
    [Show full text]
  • Planetary Science : a Lunar Perspective
    APPENDICES APPENDIX I Reference Abbreviations AJS: American Journal of Science Ancient Sun: The Ancient Sun: Fossil Record in the Earth, Moon and Meteorites (Eds. R. 0.Pepin, et al.), Pergamon Press (1980) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta Suppl. 13 Ap. J.: Astrophysical Journal Apollo 15: The Apollo 1.5 Lunar Samples, Lunar Science Insti- tute, Houston, Texas (1972) Apollo 16 Workshop: Workshop on Apollo 16, LPI Technical Report 81- 01, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston (1981) Basaltic Volcanism: Basaltic Volcanism on the Terrestrial Planets, Per- gamon Press (1981) Bull. GSA: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America EOS: EOS, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union EPSL: Earth and Planetary Science Letters GCA: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta GRL: Geophysical Research Letters Impact Cratering: Impact and Explosion Cratering (Eds. D. J. Roddy, et al.), 1301 pp., Pergamon Press (1977) JGR: Journal of Geophysical Research LS 111: Lunar Science III (Lunar Science Institute) see extended abstract of Lunar Science Conferences Appendix I1 LS IV: Lunar Science IV (Lunar Science Institute) LS V: Lunar Science V (Lunar Science Institute) LS VI: Lunar Science VI (Lunar Science Institute) LS VII: Lunar Science VII (Lunar Science Institute) LS VIII: Lunar Science VIII (Lunar Science Institute LPS IX: Lunar and Planetary Science IX (Lunar and Plane- tary Institute LPS X: Lunar and Planetary Science X (Lunar and Plane- tary Institute) LPS XI: Lunar and Planetary Science XI (Lunar and Plane- tary Institute) LPS XII: Lunar and Planetary Science XII (Lunar and Planetary Institute) 444 Appendix I Lunar Highlands Crust: Proceedings of the Conference in the Lunar High- lands Crust, 505 pp., Pergamon Press (1980) Geo- chim.
    [Show full text]
  • March 21–25, 2016
    FORTY-SEVENTH LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE CONFERENCE PROGRAM OF TECHNICAL SESSIONS MARCH 21–25, 2016 The Woodlands Waterway Marriott Hotel and Convention Center The Woodlands, Texas INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT Universities Space Research Association Lunar and Planetary Institute National Aeronautics and Space Administration CONFERENCE CO-CHAIRS Stephen Mackwell, Lunar and Planetary Institute Eileen Stansbery, NASA Johnson Space Center PROGRAM COMMITTEE CHAIRS David Draper, NASA Johnson Space Center Walter Kiefer, Lunar and Planetary Institute PROGRAM COMMITTEE P. Doug Archer, NASA Johnson Space Center Nicolas LeCorvec, Lunar and Planetary Institute Katherine Bermingham, University of Maryland Yo Matsubara, Smithsonian Institute Janice Bishop, SETI and NASA Ames Research Center Francis McCubbin, NASA Johnson Space Center Jeremy Boyce, University of California, Los Angeles Andrew Needham, Carnegie Institution of Washington Lisa Danielson, NASA Johnson Space Center Lan-Anh Nguyen, NASA Johnson Space Center Deepak Dhingra, University of Idaho Paul Niles, NASA Johnson Space Center Stephen Elardo, Carnegie Institution of Washington Dorothy Oehler, NASA Johnson Space Center Marc Fries, NASA Johnson Space Center D. Alex Patthoff, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Cyrena Goodrich, Lunar and Planetary Institute Elizabeth Rampe, Aerodyne Industries, Jacobs JETS at John Gruener, NASA Johnson Space Center NASA Johnson Space Center Justin Hagerty, U.S. Geological Survey Carol Raymond, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Lindsay Hays, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Paul Schenk,
    [Show full text]
  • Relative Ages
    CONTENTS Page Introduction ...................................................... 123 Stratigraphic nomenclature ........................................ 123 Superpositions ................................................... 125 Mare-crater relations .......................................... 125 Crater-crater relations .......................................... 127 Basin-crater relations .......................................... 127 Mapping conventions .......................................... 127 Crater dating .................................................... 129 General principles ............................................. 129 Size-frequency relations ........................................ 129 Morphology of large craters .................................... 129 Morphology of small craters, by Newell J. Fask .................. 131 D, method .................................................... 133 Summary ........................................................ 133 table 7.1). The first three of these sequences, which are older than INTRODUCTION the visible mare materials, are also dominated internally by the The goals of both terrestrial and lunar stratigraphy are to inte- deposits of basins. The fourth (youngest) sequence consists of mare grate geologic units into a stratigraphic column applicable over the and crater materials. This chapter explains the general methods of whole planet and to calibrate this column with absolute ages. The stratigraphic analysis that are employed in the next six chapters first step in reconstructing
    [Show full text]