Vessel Crushing and Structural Collapse Relationships for Bridge Design
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University of Florida Civil and Coastal Engineering Structures Research Report 2010/72908/74039 Final Report August 2010 Vessel Crushing and Structural Collapse Relationships for Bridge Design Principal investigator: Gary R. Consolazio, Ph.D. Research assistants: Michael T. Davidson Daniel J. Getter Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering University of Florida P.O. Box 116580 Gainesville, Florida 32611 Sponsor: Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) Sam Fallaha, P.E. – Project manager Contract: UF Project No. 00072908/00074039 FDOT Contract No. BDK75 977-02 University of Florida University of Florida Civil and Coastal Engineering DISCLAIMER The opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the State of Florida Department of Transportation. ii Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date August 2010 6. Performing Organization Code Vessel Crushing and Structural Collapse Relationships for Bridge Design 8. Performing Organization Report No. 7. Author(s) G. R. Consolazio, M. T. Davidson, D. J. Getter 2010/72908/74039 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) University of Florida Department of Civil & Coastal Engineering 11. Contract or Grant No. P.O. Box 116580 BDK75 977-02 Gainesville, FL 32611-6580 13. Type of Report and Period Covered 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address Florida Department of Transportation Final Report Research Management Center 605 Suwannee Street, MS 30 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Tallahassee, FL 32301-8064 15. Supplementary Notes 16. Abstract Accounting for waterway vessel collision is an integral component of structural design for any bridge spanning a navigable waterway. Each time a vessel traverses a given waterway, there is an inherent risk that the vessel may become aberrant from the intended transit path, and once aberrant, may strike a nearby bridge structural component. During collision events, massive waterway vessel groups, such as barge flotillas, are capable of dynamically transmitting horizontal forces to impacted bridge components such as piers. Furthermore, such collision-induced forces can be sufficient to cause collapse of piers or roadway spans in the vicinity of the impact location. If collapse takes place, economic loss is suffered due to subsequent traffic rerouting and bridge replacement costs. Additionally, fatalities may occur if the roadway is occupied during or shortly after the collapse event. The research presented in this report focuses on the development of improved probability of collapse expressions for bridge piers subject to barge impact loading, where such relationships are integral to current bridge design methodologies. Expression development is facilitated by employing probabilistic descriptions for a multitude of random variables related to barge traffic characteristics and bridge structures in conjunction with nonlinear dynamic finite element analyses of barge-bridge collisions. High levels of efficiency, achieved through use of advanced probabilistic simulation techniques, are necessarily incorporated into the barge-bridge collision analysis framework to allow feasible estimation of structural reliability parameters. Through joint use of efficient probabilistic simulation and vessel collision analysis techniques, the probability of collapse—and furthermore, the proximity to applicable structural limit states—is quantified for a representative set of bridges. The structural reliability parameters are then, in turn, used to form structural collapse relationships that aid in the design of bridges subject to barge collision. Finally, to facilitate use of the improved probability of collapse expressions in design applications, vessel crushing behavior is characterized for a wide range of potential design impact scenarios, and a design-oriented barge impact loading scheme is proposed that accounts for these scenarios. 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement Barge, impact, collision, bridge pier, structural reliability, finite element analysis, dynamic analysis, probability of collapse, bridge No restrictions. design specifications 19. Security Classif. (of this report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No. of Pages 22. Price Unclassified Unclassified 231 Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72). Reproduction of completed page authorized iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to thank the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) for providing the funding that made this research project possible. iv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Accounting for waterway vessel collision is an integral component of structural design for any bridge spanning a navigable waterway. Each time a vessel traverses a given waterway, there is an inherent risk that the vessel may become aberrant from the intended transit path, and once aberrant, may strike a nearby bridge structural component. During collision events, massive waterway vessel groups, such as barge flotillas, are capable of dynamically transmitting horizontal forces to impacted bridge components such as piers. Furthermore, such collision-induced forces can be sufficient to cause collapse of piers or roadway spans in the vicinity of the impact location. If collapse takes place, economic loss is suffered due to subsequent traffic rerouting and bridge replacement costs. Additionally, fatalities may occur if the roadway is occupied during or shortly after the collapse event. The research presented in this report focuses on the development of improved probability of collapse expressions for bridge piers subject to barge impact loading, where such relationships are integral to current bridge design methodologies. Expression development is facilitated by employing probabilistic descriptions for a multitude of random variables related to barge traffic characteristics and bridge structures in conjunction with nonlinear dynamic finite element analyses of barge-bridge collisions. High levels of efficiency, achieved through use of advanced probabilistic simulation techniques, are necessarily incorporated into the barge-bridge collision analysis framework to allow feasible estimation of structural reliability parameters. Through joint use of efficient probabilistic simulation and vessel collision analysis techniques, the probability of collapse—and furthermore, the proximity to applicable structural limit states—is quantified for a representative set of bridges. The structural reliability parameters are then, in turn, used to form structural collapse relationships that aid in the design of bridges subject to barge collision. Finally, to facilitate use of the improved probability of collapse expressions in design applications, vessel crushing behavior is characterized for a wide range of potential design impact scenarios, and a design-oriented barge impact loading scheme is proposed that accounts for these scenarios. v TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................v 1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................1 1.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................1 1.2 Objectives ............................................................................................................................3 1.3 Scope of Work .....................................................................................................................4 2. BACKGROUND .........................................................................................................................6 2.1 Motivation ............................................................................................................................6 2.2 Incidents of Barge-Bridge Collision ....................................................................................6 2.3 AASHTO Risk Assessment for Vessel Collision ................................................................8 2.4 AASHTO Probability of Collapse Expression ....................................................................9 2.5 Recent Probabilistic Studies of Collision Induced Bridge Collapse ..................................11 2.6 Observations ......................................................................................................................12 3. MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF BARGE-BRIDGE COLLISION .....................................14 3.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................14 3.2 Barge Impact Force Determination Using Current Design Provisions ..............................14 3.3 Limitations of the Existing Design Provisions for Barge Impact Loading ........................15 3.4 Barge Bow Force-Deformation Relationships for Bridge Design .....................................16 3.4.1 Barge bow force-deformation relationships for direct (head-on) impact .................16 3.4.2 Barge model components ..........................................................................................16 3.4.3 Direct (head-on) barge bow crushing simulation findings .......................................18 3.4.4 Barge bow force-deformation relationships for oblique impacts on flat surfaces ....19 3.4.5 Barge bow force-deformation relationships