Mitochondrial Genome of the Alpine Musk Deer Moschus Chrysogaster (Artiodactyla: Ruminantia: Moschidae)

Mitochondrial DNA, 2013; Early Online: 1–3

MITOGENOME ANNOUNCEMENT

Mitochondrial genome of the Alpine musk deer Moschus chrysogaster (Artiodactyla: Ruminantia: Moschidae)

HUI WANG1,*, XIAOXUE ZHU1,*,TAOPAN1, XIUXIANG MENG2, CHUNLIN LI3, LIZHI ZHOU3, & BAOWEI ZHANG1

1School of Life Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, People’s Republic of China, 2College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China, and 3School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People’s Republic of China

(Received 10 January 2013; accepted 23 January 2013)

Abstract The Alpine musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster) is an endangered species, which is distributed on the plateau and mountains, mainly in Neimenggu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan, Xinjiang, and other places. In this study, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome of M. chrysogaster. The circle genome was 16,354 bp and consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 1 control region (CR). The CR was located between the tRNAPro and tRNAPhe genes and is 924 bp in length. Overall base composition of the complete mitochondrial DNA was 34.0% A, 28.0% T, 25.1% C, and 12.9% G. The M. chrysogaster mitochondrial genome had 21 tRNA genes folded in the typical cloverleaf structure, with a unique exception of tRNASer.

Keywords: Moschus chrysogaster, mitochondrion, genome For personal use only.

Musk deer are mainly distributed in China and its from an Alpine musk deer. Twenty-one primer pairs adjacent areas, especially the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were used (Xiaoxue Zhu et al. 2012a) for polymerase and the Himalayan areas. There are six species of chain reaction in this study. musk deer: Siberian musk deer (Moschus moschiferus), The circular genome of M. chrysogaster is forest musk deer (M. berezovskii), black musk deer 16,354 bp (GenBank accession number KC425457) (M. fuscus), Alpine musk deer (M. chrysogaster), and has 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, Himalayan musk deer (M. leucogaster), and Anhui 2 rRNA genes, and 1 control region (CR). All the musk deer (M. anhuiensis) (Groves et al. 1995; Li genes were found in the heavy strand, except eight

Mitochondrial DNA Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by 220.180.56.182 on 04/08/13 et al. 1999). It was found that Alpine musk deer tRNA genes and ND6 (Table I). The overall base (M. chrysogaster) live in the plateau and mountains, nucleotide composition is 34% A, 28% T, 25.1% C, mainly in Neimenggu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Gansu, and 12.9% G, showing considerable bias toward an Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan, Xinjiang, and other places A þ T preference of 62%. (Jiayan Wu and Wei Wang 2006). The 21 tRNA genes can fold into a typical cloverleaf The complete mitochondrial genomes of three secondary structure except for tRNASer. Thirteen musk deer (M. moschiferus, M. berezovskii,and protein-coding genes for 3799 amino acids were M. anhuiensis) were available (Peng et al. 2009; identiﬁed. The longest one is the ND5 gene with Jang and Hwang 2010; Xiaoxue Zhu et al. 2012b). 1821 bp and the shortest one is ATP8 with only The complete mitochondrial genome was sequenced 201 bp. Nine of the 13 protein-coding genes require

Correspondence: B. Zhang, School of Life Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, People’s Republic of China. Tel: 0086-0551-5107341. Fax: 0086-0551-5107341. E-mail: [email protected] *Hui Wang and Xiaoxue Zhu are co-ﬁrst authors of this article.

ISSN 1940-1736 print/ISSN 1940-1744 online q 2013 Informa UK, Ltd. DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2013.770499 2 X. Zhu et al.

Table I. Characteristics of the M. chrysogaster mitochondrial DNA genome.

Gene Coding Start End Intergenic Overlapping No. of Start Stop name strand position position nucleotides nucleotides Size (bp) codons codon codon

tRNA Phe H 1 68 68 12S rRNA H 69 1024 956 tRNA Va l H 1025 1091 67 16S rRNA H 1092 2660 2 1569 tRNA Leu H 2663 2737 3 75 ND1 H 2741 3696 956 318 ATG TA- tRNA Ile H 3697 3765 3 69 tRNA Gln L 3763 3834 2 72 tRNA Met H 3837 3905 69 ND2 H 3906 4947 1042 347 ATA T- tRNA Tr p H 4948 5014 2 67 tRNA Ala L 5013 5083 1 71 tRNA Asn L 5085 5157 32 73 tRNA Cys L 5190 5255 66 tRNA Ty r L 5256 5323 1 68 CO1 H 5325 6869 3 1545 515 ATG TAA tRNA Ser L 6867 6935 7 69 tRNA Asp H 6943 7010 1 68 CO2 H 7012 7695 3 684 228 ATG TAA tRNA Lys H 7699 7766 1 68 ATP8 H 7768 7968 40 201 67 ATG TAA ATP6 H 7929 8609 1 681 227 ATG TAA CO3 H 8609 9392 784 261 ATG T- tRNA Gly H 9393 9461 69 ND3 H 9462 9808 347 115 ATA TA- tRNA Arg H 9809 9877 69 ND4L H 9878 10,174 7 297 99 ATG TAA ND4 H 10,168 11,545 1378 459 ATG T- tRNA His H 11,546 11,616 71 tRNA Ser H 11,617 11,676 1 60 tRNA Leu H 11678 11747 70 ND5 H 11748 13568 17 1821 607 ATT TAA ND6 L 13552 14079 528 176 TTA CAT For personal use only. tRNA Glu L 14080 14148 4 69 Cyt b H 14153 15292 3 1140 380 ATG AGA tRNA Thr H 15296 15365 1 70 tRNA Pro L 15365 15430 66 D-loop H 15431 16354 924

ATG as the start codon, while ND2, ND3, ND5, and Acknowledgements ND6 utilize ATA, ATA, ATT, and TTA, respectively. We sincerely thank Xin Huang, Baojuan Yang, Ling

Mitochondrial DNA Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by 220.180.56.182 on 04/08/13 Six use TAA as stop codons. The ND6 stops with Ding, Wenliang Zhou, and Tao Song for their help in CAT, Cyt b stops with AGA, and ND1, ND2, CO3, this study. ND3, and ND4 use incomplete stop codons. The 22 Leu tRNA genes range in size from 75 bp in tRNA to Declaration of interest: This project was funded by Ser 60 bp in tRNA . The 12S and 16S rRNA genes were Key Science and Technology Financing Projects of 956 and 1569 bp in length, respectively, bound by Ministry of Education (2012), the Foundation for Phe Leu the tRNA and tRNA genes, and were separated Young and Key Teachers Project of Anhui University Val by the tRNA gene. The CR is 924 bp in length and (02203104/04), and Anhui University graduate aca- was located between the tRNAPro and tRNAPhe genes. demic research (yqh100110). The authors report no The mitochondrial genome contains 8 overlapping conﬂicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible sequences and 13 intergenic spacer sequences. for the content and writing of the paper. M. chrysogaster is classiﬁed as an endangered species. The result of the present study can contribute to the preservation of endangered species’ genetic References resources and provide a useful database for analyzing Groves CP, Wang YX, Grubb P. 1995. Taxonomy of musk-deer, the phylogenetic relationship of M. chrysogaster and genus Moschus (Moschidae, Mammalia). Acta Theriol Sin 15: other musk deer. 181–197. Mitochondrial genome of the Alpine musk deer 3

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