Vol. XVI No. 10 October, 1961 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE ASSOCIATION OF JEWISH REFUGEES IM GREAT BRITAIN a FAIRFAX MANSIONS. FINCHLEY RO. (corner Fairfax Rd.). London. N.W.3 Office and Consulting Heurs: Telephone : MAida Vale 9096/7 (General Oflice and Welfare lor the Aged) Monday to Thursday 10 a.m.—l p.m. 3—6 p.m. MAIda Vale 4449 (Emplovmenl Agencv. annuallv licensed bv the L.C.C.. and Social Services Dept.) Friday 10 a.m.—l p.m.
sometimes based on financial considerations and sometimes on loss of faith, in the light of the past TRANSATLANTIC RECORD horrors. Some of the immigrants may be agnostic and undecided about the religious aspect of their Jewishness. Others, again, have sought escape ia Gerinan Jews in the United States baptism, perhaps as an act of gratitude for help received from Christian families or institutions or out of resentment against sharing the separate In the diaspora of German Jewry the United but not least, a building consisting of 100 apart historic role of the Jewish people. But the non States has a special place as the country which ments for elderly persons with limited means is affiliated Jews also cannot easily do without the absorbed the greatest number of Jews from under construction, and is expected to be ready existing congregations in the specific set-up of a Germany. Therefore a record of the position of in Spring. 1962. country such as the United States. They are the German-Jewish immigrants in that country is The core of the publication is a thorough inclined as well to avail themselves of the facili of importance for German Jewry, not only in the analysis by the late Professor Julius Hirsch and ties of a congregation for weddings, bar mitzvoth, United States but wherever they may live. Thanks his wife. Edith, of the professional integration deaths and other occasions. The author stresses to the efforts of the American Federation of Jews and economic achievements of the German-Jewish that " one must not forget that the battle for the from Central Europe (New York), such a record immigrants. As it happened, it was the last work soul of man is carried pn not only within the orbit has now become available. It has been published of this outstanding economist, to whose memory of the congregation but also in the world of art "nder the heading " Twenty Years " to mark the tribute was paid in our previous issue. In this and literature, and the immigrant German Jew is twentieth anniversary of the foundation of the comprehensive study, the spadework which has frequently in the forefront of this battle". Federation, and is edited by Dr. H. G. Reissner. been done is particularly gratifying when one -Assessing the contents of this stimulating realises the difficulties of arriving at correct con This judgment must, to some extent, be linked 150-page book first from the organisational aspect, clusions about a group which is not an identifiable up with a remark by Dr. Gruenewald in his jne difference between the set-up of the Federa entity and thus is not included in existing public article: " In England as well as in Israel Jews tion and that of the two other founder organisa- statistics. Here the indirect way is the only from Germany who had gained recognition in possible approach, and the pitfalls of false con public life continued to take an active part in the AT"^ of the Council of Jews from Germany—the clusions are manifold. The authors, as eminent affairs of their fellow-Jews from Germany. We ^JR and the Irgun Oley Merkaz Europa— are not so fortunate in this country." ^ecomes evident in the introductory article by experts, have succeeded in avoiding this danger. Kabbi Dr. Max Gruenewald, who has rendered The general conclusion is that practically all signal services to the Federation as its President those who are capable of working are self- New York Library of Leo Baeck Institute since 1953. 'In Israel and England", states Dr. supporting. Certainly, on the average, they are "-Tuenewald. "the organisation which the immi not as prosperous as they were in Germany but. Describing the work of the Leo Baeck Institute, srants from Germany gave themselves was a on the whole, the economic position of about Margaret T. Muehsam writes that the Institute's •^embership—rather than a ' Dach "—organisation, 80,000-90,000 immigrants is surprisingly good, and library in New York already comprises more than •^ot so in the United States." There the Ameri shows a very noticeable constant upward trend. 30,000 volumes of topical books, including an can Federation is a representative body of This, the authors state, especially applies to the almost complete collection of monographs on organisations, consisting mainly of congregations comparatively large group of professionals. In Jewish communities and full sets of Jewish news °ui!t up by immigrants from Central Europe. This this respect it would appear that the situation papers and periodicals published in Germany. structure is bound to limit the scope of the differs from that in this country. Members of the Moreover, the Institute has also been entrusted f'ederation's own work which, in the first place, medical profession have been particularly success by the heirs of some prominent German-Jewish safeguards the interests of the Jews from Germany ful. The average annual income of doctors in the banking firms with the archives of their families' out only indirectly represents the individual immi- United States was estimated at $15,000 in 1953. enterprises and holds considerable genealogical Since the majority of immigrant doctors work in material in its possession. ^S,"]^ *id leaves man\- spheres of work to its the cities and many of them specialise in their afflliates. particular field, their financial position may be The publication also contains essays about the even better. On the other hand, not more than New World Club (Ludwig Lowenstein), and the Aufbau (Manfred George). There is also a Effective Work of "Federation" 15 per cent of the legal profession took up law after the emigration. It is also interesting to note comprehensive and moving report about Camp Within these limitations, however, much that there is a strong trend towards the professions Gurs, where Jews from Badenia were deported as pf'^t've work has been carried out. This is in the second generation and that the percentage early as October, 1940. This report, preceded by enected in the report bv the Federation's of graduates is higher there than in any other an introduction by Professor Nathan Stein, is section of the population. written by Dr. Eugen Ncter (formerly President r;??cutive Vice-President. Dr. Hermann Muller. of the Mannheim Community), who voluntarily mch is an abbreviated reprint of the address In the economic sphere an important obstacle shared the fate of his fellow-Jews though, being silvered by him at the 20th Anniversarv Annual is that certain occupations are " barred " for Jews. married to a non-Jew, he was permitted to remain ^•eeting on October 9th. I960. The activities This applies not only to a number of banking in Mannheim. p/^^fed include problems of restitution and firms but also to administrative positions with the jgi^Pensation. In this connection Dr. Muller An article by H. G. Reissner on the " Truman important insurance companies. On the other .Menora"—a presentation made to the past hav ^^ ^^^^ played by the organisation in hand, immigrants have been successful in certain President by Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion— frn • '^"''''^nt compensation payments exempted trades which expanded in the course of the past U (f^ income tax. The relevant decision of the supplements the book. The Menora is of ancient two decades, such as victualling, textiles, leather, German-Jewish origin, saved by the late Dr. 8oe' J''^^^tjry Department in October. 1956, scrap metal trades and the retail trades. Siegfried Guggenheim, whose " Offenbacher Fin^ lUfther than the regulations under the Haggada" is also reviewed. There is also an ^^n-ince Act 1961 of this country, in that it Economic Integration Accomplished article by the painter, Eugene Spiro, " Als ich pg/'^s not only payments under thc German Albert Einstein malte", and an editorial tribute for ^r Indemnification Law but also pensions This economic integration was facilitated by the to two deceased architects, Erich Mendelsohn and jgu,.'°''"ier German civil servants and officials of general boom in American economy. The initial Fritz Nathan. J '^"l communities and organisations, period was made easier by the effective work of been welfare sphere, the funds which have relief organisations whilst, lately, Gerrnan com The address delivered last year in Bonn by •ess r ^ available for this purpose from the heir- pensation payments and increased American social Dr. Eva G. Reichmann, reprinted in this journal CQ i-'Sfttian-Jewish propertv and from the Claims security have become additional resources, under the heading " Der Feind ist die Lauheit" are an'^^'^ce, ^^^ *° ^^^ efforU of the Federation. especially for the older members of the com (May, 1960), is incorporated as well. by .1 ™i!?'stered bv a special organisation set up munity. Although some of the contributions seem fo The- Federation and known as United Help. Rabbi Dr. Hugo Hahn deals with the religious have found their way into the publication in a j^« work of this body is described by Kurt G. aspect in a revealing and sincere article. As in somewhat haphazard way so that the book is not Weifa United Help cloes not itself embark on this country—contrary to the position on the quite as organic as one would have wished, on the orean^* schemes but allocates funds to existing European Continent—membership in a congrega whole its Editor and the American Federation victjrJ^^"ons which care for the needs of Jewish tion is voluntary. Some newcomers joined existing of Jews from Central Europe, as the sponsoring '^OTjie^ f ^^^' persecution. As in other countries, American congregations whereas others founded body, have helped to give us a wealth of Predn • ^^^ Aged and individual assistance are or joined specific immigrants' congregations, of information about those members of our former is al^'" j"*- As distinct from this country, there which some eighteen exist in New York alone. community who have rebuilt their lives jn the shon, ^Jjetnand in America for Sheltered Work- However, only a small percentage joined one or United States HS, Which have nrnvt^Aproved mnctmos t ciir'i-Accfiisuccessfull . LaSt the other, for various reasons. These reasons are W ROSENSTOCK. Page 2 AJR INFORMATION October, 1961
WAR LETTERS OF FALLEN GERMAN- THE GERMAN SCENE JEWISH SOLDIERS REPRINTED The collection of letters by German-Jewish soldiers who fell during the First World War has DID THE GERMANS KNOW? NEW YEAR MESSAGES been re-edited in Germany under the auspices of the Federal Ministry of Defence. The first The Sueddeulsche Zeilung recently featured In his New Year message, published in the edition had been published by the " Reichsbund the diaries of Ursula von Kardorff under the title Allgemeine Wochenzeitung der Juden in Deulsch Juedischer Frontsoldaten" shortly before the "The Long Way Through This Night". These land, Federal President Luebke expressed the enactment of the Nuremberg Laws. The new diaries throw some light on the question of hope that German-Jewish understanding may have edition carries an introduction by the German whether the average citizen of the Nazi Reich was been strengthened by several ventures during the Minister of Defence, Herr Strauss. The first aware of the scale of Hitler's anti-Jewi&h per past year, such as the Week of Brotherhood and reason for the publication, Herr Strauss writes, secution. the "Synagoga" Exhibition in Reckhnghausen. was his desire " to assist in restoring the fair During the anti-Jewish boycott in Germany in Chancellor Adenauer stated with satisfaction that image of the Jewish fellow-citizen and comrade- 1933, the author wrote to a friend of hers: the Eichmann trial had not resulted in a deteriora in-arms, so outrageously abused by the Nazis." " Yesterday things were so horrible that we just tion of Jewry's relationship with Germany. The Another reason, he goes on, was that the letters sat down and cried. How degrading that one paper also carried messages from a number of refuted the infamies spread by the Nazis about has to look on without being able to help. We Federal Ministers. The General Secretary of the the Jews. The result of this infamy was that it are visiting and comforting Jewish friends ". " Zentralrat" of the Jews in Germany dealt with made the ordinary citizen wonder whether perhaps She recalls of the following years that nobody the often-raised question how it was possible at the murdered and not the murderer was guilty. was prepared to take the rabid and threatening all that Jews lived in the country from which the Lastly, the letters were part of German history. Streicher-type anti-semitism seriously. For her Jewish catastrophe had originated. He said that " It is necessary to make the fate of the Germaii- the Kristallnacht was the decisive tuming point this question was a very serious one and that the Jewish soldiers, their patriotic devotion, their but the final ineradicable shock came when she position put a grave responsibility on every Jew courage in battle, part of the Bundeswehr witnessed the beating up of a young girl. " 1 in Germany. The unity of mankind was one of tradition." saw her lying in the street and crying ; a pretty the basic teachings of Judaism, and it would be young thing. Hefty men crowded around her. wrong to add artificial curtains to those already PROCEEDINGS AGAINST FORMER S.S. Not one of them helped. From that moment 1 in existence. GENERAL ceased to love my fatherland." In October. 1942, Fr. von Kardorff write: "All YOUNG GERMANS ATTEND ANNE The Schleswig-Holstein Attorney-General has Jews up to the age of 80 are being deported. FRANK CAMP asked the Land Diet to lift the immunity of one One sees them in the streets, their eyes red with of its members, the former S.S. General Reine farth. He is suspected of having been involved weeping. It breaks one's heart that one can do Many young Germans attended the " Anne so little to help". She concluded: " 1 did in the slaughter of Polish civilians in Warsaw Frank Summer Camp "' which opened at Callant- after the abortive rising of 1944. know after all, although I was then merely a soog. North Holland, in mid-July. The first young journalist. Let nobcxly who was of age group consisted of 1,600 members of the West at the time proclaim : ' I never knew' ".—(J.C.) German Democratic Socialist Party youth organi sation. "Die Falen", and 150 young people from BERGEN-BELSEN DOCUMENTARY East Berlin. They visited the Anne Frank House AUSTRIAN NEWS CENTRE in Amsterdam. After their departure from the camp, 1,200 NEW YEAR MESSAGES Lower Saxony Societies for Christians and Jews young people from the Ruhr district arrived.— have decided to construct a documentary centre (J.C.) The latest issue of the periodical of the Vienna on the site of the former Bergen-Belsen concen Jewish community. Die Gemeinde, carried a num tration camp. ANNE FRANK SCHOOL IN FRANKFURT ber of New Year messages by Austrian statesmen The centre is to exhibit photos, letters, publica and politicians, including President Dr. Schaerfi tions and documents referring to persecution of A secondary school in Frankfurt, the birthplace Chancellor Dr. Gorbach, Vice-Chancellor Dr- the Jews under the Nazi regime and to the history of Anne Frank, has been given the name " Anne Pittermann and several other members of the of the Bergen-Belsen Camp. The nucleus will be Frank School". Cabinet. Some of the contributors especially a coUection of the Hamburg author Walter referred to the progress made in the field ot Hammer. One room will be dedicated to the BREMEN SYNAGOGUE CONSECRATED compensation during the past year. Vice-Chancel memory of Anne Frank. At the same time, the lor Dr. Pittermann expressed regret at the fad building is meant to serve as an international On August 30 a new synagogue was consecrated that material indemnification was unfortunately youth movement rallying centre. Thc building in Bremen. The ceremony was conducted by Dr. sometimes marred by happenings in the political work will start this year and is expected to be Melchior, Chief Rabbi of Denmark, and Ober sphere. He especially mentioned an incident i" completed at the end of 1962. So far, the spon kantor Grabowski, also of Copenhagen, and the Styria. where the Landtag refused to lift the soring Society has received donations of altogether main address was delivered by Dr. Max Plaut. immunity of a newly elected deputy who was liable DM. 100,000. The Land Lower Saxony will prob Representatives of the Land Government, the for prosecution on account of some antisenutJC ably also contribute towards the costs. political parlies and the churches attendeij the remarks. function. The new synagogue is situated in RABBI DR. PRLNZ VISITS BERLIN Schwachhauser Heerstrasse. It comprises the EX-WEHRMACHT RALLY BANNED actual synagogue with a capacity of 120 persons Rabbi Dr. Joachim Prinz, who was in Europe and an adjoining communal hall for 200 persons ; A rally of ex-Wehrmacht Alpine troops at on the occasion of the Conference of the World there are also classrooms, a library and six flatlets Innsbruck, which was to be attended by 15 former Jewish Congress in Geneva, paid a visit to his for elderiy people. Before 1933 about 2,000 Jews army and S.S. generals, was cancelled after _tne former community, Berlin, at the request of its lived in Bremen, now the community has" been Minister of the Interior, Herr Afritsch, had raiseo Chairman, Mr. H. Galinski. A large audience reduced to 150 members. Since the end of the objections. The paper Neues Oeslerreich attended the Friday evening service at the war its Chairman has been Herr Carl Katz. expressed surprise at the fact that it needeo Pestalozzi Synagogue to listen to his sermon. official intervention to ban a gathering already Rabbi Dr. Prinz recalled his association with the S.S. CRIMINAL COMMITS SUIODE declared imdesirable by the neighbouring BavanaO Berlin Jewish community during the fateful years authorities. from 1927 to 1937. Referring to the present Berlin Erich Gnewuch, a former S.S. man who was crisis he described the Berlin Jews as " an island wanted for the murder of 4,000 Jews in special FORMER THERESIENSTADT POLICE on an island ". " I convey to you the greetings " gas buses ". committed suicide a few hours after CHIEF ARRESTED of the Jews in the world on whose loyalty to you his arrest. He hanged himself with a sheet in you may rely," he said. the Berlin-Moabit prison. The former police chief of Theresienstaoti Stephan Rojko, has been arrested in Graz. f°.^\ Austrian witnesses, among them a former Socialist M.P„ testified that the accused had ill-treated aoo Feuchtwanger (London) Ltd. killed prisoners. INNSBRUCK'S NEW SYNAGOGUE Bankers A new synagogue, to be officially consecrated '•] the autumn, has been opened in Innsbruck > BASILDON HOUSE, 741, MOORGATE, E.C.2 Zollerstrasse. It will serve Austria's smalle*- Telephone: METropolitan 8151 Jewish community, numbering only 100 persoDS' and replaces the old synagogue in Sillgass* Represmting: destroyed during the " Kristallnacht" ""^ I. L. FEUCHTWANGER BANK LTD. i FEUCHTWANGER CORPORATION November I Oth, 1938. TEL AVIV : JERUSALEM i HAIFA <0 EAST 42nd ST., NEW YORK, 17, N.Y. Oskar von Lubomirsky, a former prince oi Polish origin who was converted to Judaism, lea" the Innsbruck Jewish community. AJR INFORMATION October. 1961 Page 3 HOME NEWS ANGLO-JUDAICA CENTRAJ. BRITISH FUND REPORT experience, it would have been utterly irrespon Marble Arch Synagogue Consecrated sible if the Old Age Homes had been established Deep appreciation of the assistance of thc without providing for their maintenance. Only a The Chief Rabbi consecrated London's new AJR in the administration of the Old Age Homes limited number of residents are able to pay the " cathedral" synagogue at Marble Arch. Dr. and in the selection of residents " is expressed by full costs for their upkeep, and their number is Brodie told the audience of more than 1.000 we Chairman of the Central British Fund, Mr. bound to decrease, because, for one reason or people that the magnificent £500,000 synagogue H. Oscar Joseph, in the 28th Annual Report of another, many new applicants are not eligible for could well become the mirror of Anglo-Jewry. the C.B.F. The Allocations Committee set up compensation annuities. That the need of support under the auspices of the C.B.F. to administer the to those who are not accommodated in homes is Rabbi Maurice Untcrman. son of the Chief proceeds from heirless Jewish property in Ger- also very heavy and will be so for a long time to Rabbi of Tel Aviv, was on the occasion also njany spent a total of £681,600 up to the end of come, is reflected in the applications submitted to inducted as minister of the new synagogue. I960. The balance at the disposal of the Alloca Self-Aid by destitute refugees, especially from tions Committee, the Report states, " is well-nigh Austria, Hungary and Czechoslovakia. The Hendon-Tempelhof Link fully committed for projects in hand, for the jpaintenance of Old Age Homes already estab "CORRA" CONFERENCE As already reported in our previous issue, some lished or in the process of completion, and for controversy has arisen out of the Hendon Borough the needs of refugees from Nazi oppression in the " Corra ", the combined appeal organisation of Council's decision to link with the West Berlin U.K., including various religious and educational the Central British Fund and British Ose, held a Borough of Tempelhof. In the meantime, the purposes." Conference in London on September 17th. The Hon. Roger Nathan was in the Chair. It was a Hendon Reform Synagogue, many of whose The principal activities of the Jewish Refugees particularly remarkable fact that the leaders of members are refugees from Nazi Germany, in a Committee, financed by the C.B.F., have been in practically all sections of Anglo-Jewry made a letter to the Mayor of Hendon also attacked the respect of refugees from Hungary and Egypt. point of attending this Sunday afternoon meeting proposed cultural link between the two boroughs. Overseas, the C.B.F.'s relief work mainly and that the rank and file of the local fund- In a letter to the Editor of The Jewish ^ferred to Jews in Moslem countries, and in raising committees comprised a great number of Chronicle, Professor E. J. Cohn dealt with the Poland, Rumania, Hungary, and Czecho young and enthusiastic delegates. view expressed in the resolution of the Hendon slovakia. To expedite the consolidation of the A stimulating report on Child Care in North (United) Synagogue that " hardly any expression Jewish communities in Western Europe, a Standing Africa and Iran was given by Mrs. Dorothy Beers, of regret had been forthcoming from Germany ". Conference of European Jewish Community Ser Chief Day Care Consultant of the " Joint". She " Every attentive reader of your columns (he vices has been formed, at which the C.B.F. is especially dealt with the problems arising from wrote) will immediately recognise that this state fepresented. ment is utterly false ". He then quoted at ran the primitive background of these children which dom a number of actions and expressions of good Unjustified Criticism was bound to limit and to retard the effect of the will, including the annual Rosh Hashana messages constructive work carried out by the nursery of the Federal Presidents, Heuss and Luebke, to Commenting on the Report, The Jewish schools, health centres and of other relief the Jews in Germany, the exhibition of Nazi ^hronicle. on two occasions, expressed the view measures. atrocities arranged in I960 by the City of Frank that the British share in the heirless Jewish Mr. H. Oscar Joseph, describing the work of furt and the recent republication of letters written property from the former British Zone of the C.B.F., stated that the Jewish Refugees Com by German-Jewish First War soldiers, with ^ermany recovered by the Jewish Trust Corpora mittee, financed by the C.B.F., had to cope mainly the preface contributed by the Minister of tion (J.T.C.) should be used not only for victims with three types of relief work in this country: Defence, Herr Strauss. " A complete list of such °t Nazi persecution but for the Anglo-Jewish the care for the " hard core" cases among the expressions, some in extreme terms, by post-1945 eommunity at large, and that the articles of the survivors of concentration camps ; the assistance statesmen, scholars, journalists, and other leaders •"•T.C. should be amended accordingly. This to refugees from Egypt and Hungary ; and the of public opinion would, no doubt, fill many proposition has already been strongly refuted by rehabilitation by finding employment and pro pages of The Jewish Chronicle." .tie Chairman of the C.B.F., Mr. H. Oscar Joseph, viding loans or grants for the housing of refu •1 a letter to The Jewish Chronicle. The victims gees. He also dealt with the work carried out °f Nazi persecution and their representative abroad. Turning to the work of Ose. Corra's " Bourgeois Community " oodles are particularly dismayed at the fact that other constituent. Mr. Joseph referred to the ^n idea of this kind could be put forward at all. training facilities provided in this country for Mr. Henry Shaw. Director of the Hillel Founda " IS the object of the payments from German young women from North Africa with the view to tion, addressed a seminar organised by the Young sources to try to alleviate the plight of those enabling them to work as nurses in their home Poale Zion. He surveyed the historical and *no. as victims of the Nazi regime, have been communities. social economic development of Anglo-Jewry. [JProoted and who, especially in their old age. The conference gave a vivid picture of the Some sixty or seventy years ago. he said, the "ave nothing to fall back upon. It would be commendable work promoted by the C.B.F. and Jewish community had been overwhelmingly entirely wrong to deduce from the fact that the Ose which deserves the active support of all proletarian. Owing to its great social and funds have not yet been entirely distributed that sections of Anglo-Jewry. geographical mobility, however, within almost ^e Nazi victims are no longer in nesd of relief, one generation Anglo-Jewry had been transformed '-'u the contrary, as we know from first-hand NO DISCRIMINATION IN ENGLAND SAYS into a middle-class community, "complacent and LORD MAYOR materiaUstic ". The Jewish working-man was now virtually disenfranchised as far as Jewish com The Lord Mayor of London. Sir Bernard munal affairs were concerned.—(J.C.) Waley-Cohen, and the Lady Mayoress were enter THE WIENER LIBRARY tained at a reception given by the City of Melbourne when they visited that city. This is Students Work and Play the first time that any Lord Mayor of London PUBLIC MEETING has visited Australia while in office. On the Bachad Farm in Thaxted, Essex, over The Lord Mayor said at a Press interview that 80 young members of the Bnei Akivah movement he has never met with any antisemitism in England from Britain and the Continent attended a four- On Thursday, October 19, at 8 p-in. nor found any discrimination. " In some sense ". week camp. Four hours a day were spent studying at 51 Bekize Square, N.W.3. he said. " it may be said that Jewish life in and four working on the farm. England is less specifically communal. Jews are In the evening, all kinds of social and cultural ^between Swiss Cottage and Belsize Park more and more taking part in the general com events were held but there was an undeviating Underground Stations) munal life. On the whole there is less time for rule against mixed dancing.—(J.C.) purely Jewish matters and less need for it."— (J.C.) DR. EVA G. REICHMANN : New Yeshiva at Gateshead ARAB LEAGUE OFFICE IN LONDON The new yeshiva building in Windermere Street, DIE JUDENFRAGE AUP DEM Sir Barnett Janner, M.P., is pursuing his Gateshead, has been consecrated. The opening enquiries about the status of Mr. Edward Rizk, ceremony was performed by Dayan Morris Swift. the Lebanese diplomat who has come to London The Chief Rabbi described the consecration as DEUTSCHEN EVANGELISCHEN to take charge of the Arab League office here. an important milestone, not only in the story of Although his appointment as head of the office Gateshead Yeshiva but in the story of the develop KIRCHENTAGE does not carry diplomatic status (or diplomatic ment of institutions for higher learning in the immunity), he obtained it by virtue of his attach country. As readers will have seen from our pre ment to the Lebanese Embassy in London, where vious issue, the Jewish question was he holds the rank of Minister Plenipoteniary. discussed at that Conference, which took Sir Barnett told a Jewish Chronicle reporter that Ambulance for Israel Ptace in Berlin in July, 1961, and Dr. Eva he was not satisfied with the reply given to him *^eichmann was one of the two Jewish by the Lord Privy Seal. Mr. Edward Heath, when An ambulance for the Magen David Adom, speakers. he asked whether Mr. Rizk would be allowed to paid for by donations collected by Miss Rose retain full diplomatic privileges while directing the Heimann, Matron of Branksome Dene Convales AIR members and their friends are cordiaHy activities of the Arab office in London. Mr. cent Home, was formally handed over at a cere invited to the meeting Heath replied that Mr. Rizk had not ceased to be mony held on August 27. The ambulance, bearing a member of the diplomatic staff of the Lebanese a suitably inscribed plaque, was consecrated by Embassy. Dayan M. Steinberg. Page 4 AJR INFORMATION October, 1961
POLAND REMEMBERS MARTYRS NEWS FROM ABROAD " Majdanek Days " Poland proclaimed the ten days from AMERICAN NAZI PARTY ANTISEMITISM IN ARGENTLNA September I to 10 as " Majdanek Days" to commemorate the 2,000,000 Jews, Poles and The U.S.A. Attorney-General has stated that he At the plenary session of the Delegacion de others exterminated by the Nazis in the Majdanek is opposed to branding the American Nazi Party Asociaciones Israelitas Argentinas, the representa concentration camp in the suburbs of Lublin. as a subversive group and placing it on the tive body of Argentina's Jewish community, it The Yiddish newspaper. Folks-Sztyim\ called on Department of Justice's list of subversive organi was stated that the country's Jewish community the people of Poland to mourn the millions of sations, lie stated that such designation would is living in a tense antisemitic chmate, similar to that experienced by German Jewry just before victims who died at the hands of the Nazis. afford the group " a public forum for the further The authorities instructed local teachers to dissemination of its obnoxious doctrines ". They Hitler's rise to power 30 years ago. The meeting was informed that hardly a day passes without set aside one day to enable schoolchildren and could, he said. Best be dealt with by local authori youth to visit Majdanek and pay tribute to ties wfien tRey violate laws. savage attacks against synagogues, youth clubs and communal organisations. the memory of the dead. The Polish Govern Senator Kenneth Keating, New York Republi ment is to publish a book containing pictures and can, expressed keen disappointment at this The view was expressed that the antisemitic information about the camp. attitude. He said the activities of the Nazi group campaign was being organised by two small were notorious and the group " shows no sign Fascist organisations, " Tacuara " and " Mazorca ", MOROCCAN JEWRY with the backing of military circles and some of being blanked out of public attention".— According to the Moroccan News Agency, 50 (J.C.) sections of the Catholic Church. It was under stood that these latter groups were bringing Moroccan Jews were arrested near Nador, because pressure to bear on the Government preventing they were found carrying forged passports. It BRITISH GIRL IN RACIAL INCIDENT it from taking action to restrain the Fascist is reported in Rabat that 40 of those arrested elements. were subsequently released. They are all women, Miss Constance Lever, for many years a children and old men. The remainder, all men. Sympathetic statements about the Jewish com will it is presumed be tried on charges of illegal membei of the Letchworth Jewish community, munity made by President Frondizi and a message was arrested and charged with inciting a race riot emigration. of good will sent to the meeting by the Minister For the first time since the independent in North Carolina. of the Interior did not assuage the tense concern It is alleged Miss Lever started to enter a car Moroccan Government passed its naturalisation that pervaded. Delegates stressed that the law. a family of Jews has applied for, and containing four armed Negro pickets during a authorities had taken little or no action against disturbance in Monroe. During the scuffle which obtained, Moroccan nationality. The family of the Fascist hooligans and that the Government's six were among 21 persons named in a list pf ensued when a police officer tried to stop her, he leniency had created a serious situation. was shot in the leg by one of the group. naturalised foreigners. This is the second list The lack of guarantees for the safety of the of naturalisations to be pubHshed since the new Miss Lever was touring the United States. Jewish community might encourage a renewal of law came into force. The first list was published the outbreaks, causing great concern to Argentine last January and gave the names of 17 people. Jewry and bringing social instability to the coun FASCIST DAILY PLANNED IN PARIS Central Statistics Service figures based on the try, declared the meeting in a resolution.—(J.C.) I960 census and published in Rabat show that the total Jewish population of Morocco is The editors of Rivarol in Paris, a weekly which Raid on Mapai Training Farm 159,803. Of these the majority live in 117 urban has recently become the unofficial mouthpiece of centres and fTie remainder in rural areas.—(J.C.) the O.A.S.—the anti-Gaullist underground move Twenty men conducted a raid on the Mapai ment led by ex-General Salan—are initiating the training youth farm situated 50 miles from Buenos TUNISIAN JEWRY publication of a fascist antisemitic daily. Aires. These men, belonging to a Nazi-type gang It is reported from Paris that a number of It is believed in Paris that the daily is doomed known as the Tacuara, beat and insulted the Tunisian Jews have been arrested by the Tunisian in advance, since the number of copies it is likely chalutzim, injured their poultry and caused losses police on flimsy pretexts. In Souse a poor Jewish to sell would be far short of thc minimum amounting to $3,000. artisan was brutally interrogated by a police required for solvency and it is doubtful whether A further antisemitic attack was launched officer and in another town a 17-year-old Jew was the various financial backers would be willing to against the Kadima, a Jewish youth movement in condemned to six months' imprisonment when a sustain a deficit for long.—(J.C.) Buenos Aires. Tear gas and a home-made bomb Moslem claimed that he had asked what Bour were thrown at the youths but there were no guiba intended to do next after Bizerta. A gir' TERRORISTS' ATTEMPT ON FRENCH injuries. Pamphlets threatening Jews were distri aged 14 was arrested and accused of having CHIEF RABBI buted, signed by the fascist organisation Mazorca. derided the Tunisian flag. Police took immediate action but the offenders The number of arrests is increasing and on O.A.S. terrorists tried to blow up the residence were not caught.—(J.C.) several occasions the Minister of the Interior has of the Chief Rabbi of France. Rabbi Jacob had to order the freeing of prominent Jews. Kaplan. A plastic bomb was exploded outside CHIEF RABBI OF TURKEY $70,000 has so far been raised by Tunisian Rabbi Kaplan's apartment in central Paris, causing Jews for the Tunisian nationa] campaign to " help serious damage to the building. The Chief Rabbi Rabbi David Asseo has been elected Chief Bizerta". and it is reported that the drive was away at the time and no one was seriously Rabbi of Turkey. In his inaugural address he continues. injured. appealed for harmony in the community and The Neo-Destour Party declared in a recent Earlier, the home of Pastor Marc Bergnere, asked the community not to kiss his hands or statement that the Jews of Tunis should not be former President of the French Protestant Associa make other exaggerated gestures.—(J.C.) considered as bad patriots, and it also called on tion, was similarly attacked, and the same group the population to end the campaign against the country's Jewish minority.—(J.C.) was responsible for the abortive attempt on CZECHOSLOVAKIA'S NEW CHIEF RABBI President de Gaulle's life.—(J.C.) SALISBURY'S NEW MAYOR Dr. Richard Feder, the new Chief Rabbi ot The new Mayor of Salisbury, in Southern CATHOLICS' RESCUE WORK IN ITALY Czechoslovakia, was inducted last April at a Rhodesia, is Mr. Ivor Pitch, a member of the ceremony in the main synagogue at Prague. Jewish community, who entered the Council two According to an article b> the former Secretary Among those present were representatives of the years ago. HTs brother, Mr. Harry Pichanik, •' of the late Pope Pius XII, the German Jesuit priest Protestant, Catholic and other churches in Czecho a former Mayor of that city.—(J.C.) Leiber, 2,775 Jews were hidden in Roman con slovakia. A message of congratulation was sent vents during the period of Nazi persecution, and to the new Chief Rabbi by the Minister of Educa 992 found refuge in monasteries and parsonages ; tion and Culture. Dr. Feder, who was a prisoner a further 680 were given temporary asylum in at Auschwitz for some years, succeeded Dr. Sicher, NEW LIBERAL JEWISH other clerical buildings. the late Chief Rabbi of Czechoslovakia, who died in October last year. CONGREGATION The new Chief Rabbi visited the Jewish com munity at Pilsen during a pastoral tour, and SIiMCHAT-TORAH preached to a congregation of about .SOO Jews in Gorta Radiovision the main synagogue of the city.—(J.C.) DIIVIVER-DAIVCE
Service AUSTRALIA'S JEWISH HOSPFFAL at Porchester Holl, W.2, on (Member R.T.R.A.) The first Jewish hospital in Australia, and SATURDAY, OCTOBER 14, 13, Frognal Parade, possiblv the first in the Southern hemisphere, was officially opened in Sydney at the end of at 7 p.m. for 7.30 p.m. Finchley Road, N.WJ August by the N.S.W. Minister for Health.—(J.C.) VAN STRATEN & HIS BAND SALES REPAIRS All Leading Makes Supplied IMMIGRANTS FOR AUSTRALIA Tables may be booked. Refrigerators, Wastaing-Machines Stocked The Jewish Welfare Society is sponsoring 300 Evening dress optional. Mr. Gort will always be pleased to more Jewish immigrants, who will arrive in advise you. Australia before the end of the year. Employ Ticl After a short introduction by H. I. Grunewald, tance for the whole picture. I mention here only Visit to Munich : Billy Wilder, of " Some Like the rabbi of the community, and a deeply sympa one misprint, a caption in which the Interior of It Hot" and " The Apartment" fame, who began thetic address by Hamburg's elder statesman, the Temple in the Pohlstrasse is described as the his career as a journalist and dance partner at the Biirgermcister M. Brauer, the main part of this Altona Synagogue (p. 46). Eden Hotel in Berlin in the '20s, invited your book* offers a sketch of the community's life and Dr. Wolfsberg makes an interesting observa columnist to Munich for a week-end. He is shoot institutions from its beginning at the dawn of the tion on the type of man who gave the Hamburg ing " One, Two, Three", based on Molnar's modern period until 1933 (pp. 17-110). The community its character during the later part of famous play, in which Max Pallenberg once author. Dr. med. Oskar Wolfsberg (Yeshayahu appeared so successfully. Though he is producer, Aviad), died in 1957, too early for his friends and the emancipation period. He emphasises their pious loyalty and modesty, which kept them director, and co-author, and has to cope with the co-workers in many fields of Jewish activities, as Berlin crisis (his story is set between the two Israeli envoy in Berne. He had written this study away from ambition for themselves and their synagogues and made them content with circum sectors of that city). Wilder is not worried by the for a collection of monographs in Jerusalem. The events. Horst Buchholtz, James Cagney, Liselotte present text brings it in a translation by J. stances as .they existed. But he adds in this context that Hamburg was in no way a leading Pulver, Pamela Tiffin and Arlene Francis star in Klausner, who seems to have tried to remain as the film, and Leon Askin, the former Viennese near as possible to the original's vocabulary and force in IsraeL This remark is intended as a characteristic of the Orthodox section, but it is actor, has a wonderful part as a Russian, while style. The resulting German idiom gives to the Peter Capell, another returnee from the States, is story, which mainly deals with men and problems not less true of the Temple community. Although it was the oldest Reform Synagogue in the world, not only appearing in the film but is also coaching of the nineteenth century, the appearance of the German actors. Friedrich Hollaender, who remoteness in time and space. its impact on the history of this movement during the second half of the nineteenth century was wrote the music for " The Blue Angel", has the Dr. Wolfsberg was brought up as an active moderate. That—at least before 1918—merchants part of a conductor in East Berlin, and sings member of the strong Orthodox section of the " Ausgerechnet Bananen ". Wilder had to build determined the character of the Hamburg com a replica of the Brandenburger Tor in Geiselgasteig Hamburg community ; his description of the munity and that university men played only a traditional way of life, of the rabbis and teachers since he could not get permission to shoot the shows his intimate knowledge acquired by modest part in its life may partially account for original—it cost him nearly 1 million Marks. intense and lasting experience. The second part this comparatively isolated position. He is not afraid to poke fun at Russians, Ameri of the book (pp. 111-146) brings two chapters The prevalence of the business man certainly cans, East and West Germans, and he hopes to on the destruction of the community during the reflects an impact of the Hanseatic environment, make audiences everywhere laugh as long as there Nazi time and its new growth after 1945. Both which showed similar features. This influence are cinemas left to show his film. are written by Dr. Hans Lamm and offer a did not run one way only, as was shown recently useful survey of men and institutions. For the very impressively by a work of German scholar Milestones : Asta Nielsen, the original " First final years of the catastrophe a yet unpub ship, H. Kellenbenz' Die Sephardim an der Lady " of the screen and the Garbo of her day, lished memorandum by Sta^tsrat Dr. L. Lippmann unleren Elbe (1958)t; it describes the vigorous celebrated her SOth birthday in Copenhagen. Was available. He had become the permanent start of the Jewish settlements against the back When it was not quite the thing to visit a cinema, head of Hamburg's financial department during ground of economic and political history, mainly her face, hair-do and make-up in " Abgruende" the Weimar period and could believe to have in the sixteenth and seventeenth century. It and " Engelein" set the fashion. Though she found his life's fulfilment in his work for the would be pleasant for us if we could look for outlived her fame after the silent screen days. eity. After 1933 this past made the thought of ward to a continuation of such comprehensive La Nielsen still remains the idol of those who emigration and exile repellent to him, and so fate enterprise for the remaining 250 years, which remember her. She never allowed herself to be turned him into the leading administrator of the would give us a full portrait of the Hamburg Jewish community during this time of extreme photographed after her retirement.—Oskar Sabo, community and their position in Jewish and a real Berlin comedian although he was born in emergency. He and his wife committed suicide in European history, perhaps by an author from 1943 before deportation. A short description of Vienna, is now 80 years of age. He was a serious our own midst. There is, however, not much actor in Max Reinhardt's ensemble before he the new svnagogue and its contemporary style hope that such expectations will be fulfilled, and by the designing architect Franz May forms the became a star of operetta.—Friedrich Luft, the third part (pp. I47f). Nine pages of bibliography perhaps it may be a consolation that it is the only dramatic critic to come out of post-war conclude the volume, which includes 33 excel very character of Hamburg Jewry, who lived for Germany, recently turned 50. His father was lent plates, photographs of rabbis and prominent their day-to-day tasks, that they do not offer an your columnist's teacher in English at the laymen, synagogues and commimal buildings. easy reward to the historian's approach. Hohenzollern-Realgymnasium and his wife, Heids, ' HANS LIEBESCHUETZ. designed the cover for his "Heimweh nach dem Kurfuerstendamm". He is the theatre and film T Franz Steincr Verlag. Wiesbaden (Viencljahrschrift fucr critic for Hamburg's Die Well in Berlin, and is a Spiritual Leaders Remembered Sozial-und Wirtschaftsgeschichte, Beiheft 40). popular speaker on Rias. Luft has also edited Alfred Kerr's work, publisbed by Kiepenheuer The older generation of Hamburg community and Witsch. tnembers in their dispersal all over the world WIEDERSEHEN MIT EINER ALTEN *ill be thankful for this gift and pleased to see LIEBE Obituary : Hugo Hirsch, the popular composer again a number of their spiritual leaders, whom of " Scheidungsreise " and many hit tunes of the 'twenties, died in Berlin at the age of 77. He they knew so well in olden times. Especially Wer sich wie viele Ihrer Leser noch an die the portraits of Joseph Carlebach and Bruno bittersuessen Tage erinnert, da Monty Jacobs die survived the war in Belgium and returned Italiener are impressivelv alive. blutjunge Mascha Kaleko, das Kind eines " home " ten years ago.—Leonhard Frank, author A book like this, which contains very many russischen 'Vaters und einer oesferreichischen of " Raeuberbande " and " Der Mensch ist gut ", t^^mes, titles and facts, is liable to carry a cer Mutter, fuer die Vossische Zeitung entdeckte. der died in Munich aged 79. He retumed from the tain percentage of mistakes, some of which may wird die Rowohltsche Neu-Ausgabe dieser States several years ago and was honoured by have crept in on the way from Jerusalem to laengst vergriffenen - verbotenen - verbrannten both East and West Germany.—^The actor, Walter 'Germany. None of them is of very great impor- Gedichte mit Wonne begruessen (Mascha Kaleko, Franck, a Steinrueck pupil who came to Berlin Das lyrische Stenogrammheft und Kleines Lese- in 1923 and stayed there, died in Berlin aged 66.— . • O. Wolfsberg-Aviad u.a.: GcKhictate der Drel-Gemetad* buch fuer Grosse. rororo Taschenbuch Ausgabe. Geza von Bolvary, the 63-year-old director of 'Ulona-Hamborc-WaDdsbck. Ner Tatnid Verlag (1960). over 100 p-c'ures. including "Zwei Herzen im ''rankfurt a M. D.M 12.80. Rowohlt Verlag. 1959). Es ist die ganz eigentuem- liche Mischung von Ironie und Romantik, wie wir Dreivierteltakt", died in Munich. sie ja auch an Heine und E. T. A. Hoffmann liebten, die den Leser immer von neuem gefangen Home iVeir* ; Peter llling is to co-star with nimmt. " Aufgeraeumte Melancholic" nannte Coral Brown in " La Bonne Soupe" on its pro Your House for r— Thomas Mann einst den Vorzug dieser Verse. vincial tour before coming to the West End.— Es ist so viel Grossartiges und Grauenvolles in Peter van Eyck, who retumed from the States CURTAINS, CARPETS. LINO unserer Zeit geschehen; aber davon spricht and is now one of the best-known stars of thc UPHOLSTERY Mascha Kaleko nicht—ijder laesst es nur im German screen, is to come to London to appear Hintergrunde. Sie spricht von dem Alltags- in " The Devil's Agent", based on Hans Habe's SPECIALITY Schicksal, das wir alle erlebten : wir alle wohnten novel.—Otto Heller was the cameraman of mal im " Gartenhaus" zwischen Waescheleinen "Victim", the courageous Rank picture, starring und Bohnenstangen, wir alle haben einst das halb- Dirk Bogarde.—Karel Stepanek went lo Hamburg CONTINENTAL DOWN willkommene Halsweh mit Fliedertee und Husten- to star in the TV production of Lenz's " Zeit der Medizin erlebt, wir alle traeumten von der Zeit, Schuldlosen".—Bernard Grun has now come da der graue Alltag der Schule oder des Bueros b^ck from Munich, where his adaptation of QUILTS! einmal dem Grossen Los und der Weltreise Strauss's " Fanny Elsler" is to be produced by Also KE-MAKES AND RECOVERS weichen wuerde—und wir alle entdeckten wohl Arno Assmann at the Gaertnerplatz-Theater.— am Ende, dass Wolf Rilla directed " Watch it Sailor ", produced BSTIMATIS FkEE by Maurice Cowan.—Steve (Stefan) Szekely is " Wenn Einer fortgeht, gibt es Ansichtskarten directing " TTie Day oif the Triffids" here.— DAWSON-LANE LIMITED Und ab und zu mal einen dicken Brief. Richard Lewinsohn, who used to write under \7. BRIDGE ROAD, WEMBLEY PARK Ein schweres Verbum ist das Woertchen the pen name " Morus ", has had " Prophets and Telephone: ARN. 6671 " warten " P-ediction" published by Seeker and Warburg Perseiul •ttantion of Mr. W. Schachmann Und "lebe wohl!" ein Schluss-Imperativ . . ." (Londcn). BERTHA BADT-STRAUSS PEM Page 6 AJR INFORMATION October, 1961 Dr. F. Friedlander Change to Pacifism Was Harden rightly called a renegade when, THE CASE OF MAXIMILIAN HARDEN horror-struck by the experience of the First World War, he changed his mind ?2 In commemoration of the 100th anniversary of his This man of Jewish origin, who during the Moroccan crisis of 1911 stood for a policy similar birth on October 20, 1961 to that of Emst von Heydebrand, the leader of the German nationalists, now fought for the idea - We speak of the Jews. This remarkable self-aggrandisement, he always retorted that he of the solidarity and peaceful co-existence of all people, yielding and yet tenacious, was considered it his duty to help to save Germany nations. He not only supported the peace-motion everywhere and nowhere powerful." from the disastrous effects of Wilhelm II's policy. of the German Reichstag in 1917, but tumed to the extreme Left, approaching the view of Hugo Theodor Mommsen. He made the same claim when he was involved Haase, the leader of the radical Independent When Lily Braun, daughter of a Prussian in one of the most unpleasant affairs of modern German Socialists. It was indeed a long way general and nobleman, was about to exchange the times : the notorious Eulenberg case in 1906. from Heydebrand to Haase. social beliefs of her Junker caste for the Marxist Harden's conviction had been growing that a doctrine, she discussed politics one day—it was group of powerful men who enjoyed the monarch's When, on January 8th, 1918, Woodrow Wilson's in June, 1892—with her uncle, a conservative favour and confidence—the so-called " Hofka famous message of " 14 points " as the basis for a deputy of the Reichstag. His party, though most marilla "—were exercising a most detrimental just and permanent peace offered a last chance to loyal to the Hohenzollem dynasty, strongly influence on German policy. At the head of this the Kaiser's government to end reasonably an opposed the liberal trade policy pursued by Kaiser group was Prince Philipp zu Eulenberg-Hertefeld, unreasonable war. Harden—to the best of our an intimate friend of Wilhelm II. It was strange knowledge—was the only important political Wilhelm II at the time, and his niece asked him writer on the German side who realised the how he reconciled his monarchism with his party's that another man who was partly instrumental in obtaining Bismarck's downfall should have opportunity of ending the war without suffering opportunism. Her uncle retorted that his party complete defeat. believed the monarchy should be strengthened enabled the Emperor to overthrow Prince Eulen but that it was not subservient to the ruling burg : this was the ill-famed " graue Eminenz", monarch and was prepared, if necessary, to oppose Friedrich von Holstein, who directed German Harden and Rathenau foreign policy behind the scenes in the post- him. Lily Braun, about to be impressed by this Bismarck era. When von Holstein was thrown It was on this very point that he disagreed with ingenious explanation, suddenly remembered that out as a consequence of the failure of his Moroccan a man who had been one of his closest friends up her uncle found much food for thought in articles policy in 1906, he accused the " Hofkamarilla " of to that date: Walther Rathenau. Both men had, by a certain " Apostata" in the magazine Die having influenced the Kaiser against him and indeed, much in common. Both were estranged Gegenwart.^ decided to take his revenge. He informed Harden from Judaism: Harden said of himself that his secretly of sexual offences committed by prominent belief in the superiority of the Germanic myth In the Wake of Bismarck members of the " Hofkamarilla", in particular and ethos caused him to abandon Judaism, and The " Apostata" who inspired an ultra-con by Prince Euknburg. when the young Rathenau, using a pseudonym, servative Prussian Junker was a highly talented, published his most controversial message " Hoere ambitious youth belonging to a wealthy There is good reason to doubt whether it was wise of Harden to use this information. Certainly, Israel" in Harden's "Zukunft" (1902), he was de-judaised family in Berlin who had become a his journalistic campaign had far-reaching conse not too far from Harden's point of view, though Christian while still in his teens. At first he quences. Wilhelm II ostracised Prince Eulenburg, he kept to his Jewish faith. Both men were ardent sought fame as an actor and though he soon gave who was only saved from imprisonment on pretext German-minded patriots who, when the war broke up acting for writing, he behaved throughout his ot illness. The influence of the " Hofkamarilla " out in 1914, placed themselves at the service of life like an actor. As he considered tlK family was, however, considerably reduced. their country of birth, and at least in the first name of Witkowski a handicap he used a pen phase of the war both thought highly of General name when writing for the leading liberal The alternative to Wilhelm II's foreign policy Ludendorff's leadership. Furthermore, they shared monthly Die Nation, where he worked alongside which Harden offered before the First World many intellectual interests. Paul Nathan. He made a name as a dramatic War may, perhaps, be compared with John Foster Why, nevertheless, did their friendship break critic endeavouring to promote the contemporary Dulles' policy of firmness by strength. down in the course of time ? Harden's radical trend of literary naturali»n, but his political Though Harden repudiated Wilhelm II's failure change of mind during the war was difficult for " Apostata '• articles above all secured him an to renew the so-called Reinsurance Treaty with Walther Rathenau to understand. While Harden, immensely solid joumalistic position. Russia in 1890 (March-September), he did agree with Holstein's refusal to tie up Germany with like Haase, stood for an end to bloodshed with its Encouraged by his success he founded in 1892. England at the price of serving her interests. He horrible suffering, Walther Rathenau strongly under the pen-name of Maximilian Harden, his also approved of Holstein's bold step to stop the advocated a national rally of the German people own weekly paper. Die Zukunfl, which he French in their attempt to take over Morocco. in 1918—an audacious proposal, which even developed into one of thc most influential ami When the Moroccan crisis of 1911 led Europe Ludendorff did not approve. colourful magazines of modem times. to the brink of war. and especially when David What were the consequences 7 As both men Bismarck's conflict and ultimate break with Lloyd George threatened that England would go were of Jewish origin, the German nationalists Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1890 overshadowed every to war. Harden made a strong appeal to the accused Harden of defeatism' (" Wehrmachtzer- thing at that time and divided the Germans into German Government to stand firm even at the setzung" in the Nazi sense), while left-wing two camps. While many of Bismarck's followers risk of war. Germans cursed Walther Rathenau as " a left him in order to gain favours from the young, prolonger of war". overbearing monarch, " Apostata ". alias Harden, When he was accused of being a warmonger, be It has also been suggested that Harden's affec guided by his instinct, did the right thing ; be vindicated his stand by emphasising that a show of tion for Walther Rathenau changed to bitter took Bismarck's side and attacked uncompromis strength and determination was the only effective hatred when the latter, appointed Richsminister of ingly the Kaiser's policy. Princess Johanna Bis means of warding off war. Foreign Affairs on February 1st, 1922, did not marck, no less thirsty for revenge than her Who would dare to assert that he was wrong ? further Harden's ambition to be appointed to a husband, i« said to have drawn his attention to Editor—Orator—Writer key position in the German diplomatic service. Harden's vnitings, and the ex-Chancellor, looking At this time Harden was at the peak of his This suggestion is supported by the fact that, for allies against Wilhelm II, wrote an encourag activity. Thc amount of labour which he spent when Rathenau was assassinated by fanaticul ing letter to Harden and invited him to see him. on editing his magazine Die Zukunft was tremen German nationalists on June 24th, 1922, Harden, Harden naturally availed himself of this oppor dous ; he belonged to those rare editors who when passing a final judgment on his former tunity as often as he could, and his conversations refuse to satisfy the reader's wish for shallow friend, did not suppress a feeling of resentment.^ with the g'-eat old man. published in Die Zukunft, entertainment, and rather try to educate him. brought him into the limeli^t all over the world. Harden opened the columns of bis weekly to Attempt on his Life and Death It did no harm to his prestige that Bismarck used all matters of real importance, that were pro him as a mouthpiece for bis thoughts, warnings, gressive, thought-provoking and widened men's A short time after Rathenau's assassination an and, in particular, his biting criticism of Wilhclm outlook. attempt on Harden's life was made by political II's incapable handling of affairs. hooligans. He survived, though severely wounded, In the same way Harden, the orator, captured but his health was shaken. He had to give up Once when Wilhelm II, clumsily trying to his audience, when he spoke about burning assuage Bismarck's ill-will, sent him a bottle of auestions of international politics. His manner publishing his magazine. Step by step he regained select Rhine wine, Bismarck made a point of of speech was self-assured, fascinating and inspir enough strength to plan the renewed publication inviting Harden, well known as the Kaiser's ing : its logical structure was perfect, though he of his magazine " Die Zukunft *' in co-operation opponent, to drink it with him. " Let's drink spoke without notes. Whenever he spoke, the with Franz Pfempfert. an extreme left-wing (he Kaiser's health," he said to his guest. " I hall was filled to capacity with attentive listeners. German writer. However, before his plan know you wish him as well as I do ". matured, he died at Montana (Switzerland) on Out of his comprehensive editorials in Die October 30th, 1927. The Ksiscr't Critic Zukunfl grew his independent books; first of al! his noted collection " Koepfe". and also After his death, reasonable right-wing Germans Harden, who admired Bismarck to the end, had " Krieg und Prieden", that intriguing inside admitted that the Kaiser's government had made accepted his belief that Wilhelm II's autocratic account of the First World War. Though holding (Concluded on page 7. column 3) policy-making would ultimately ruin Germany. their own and very successful, there books Therefore, after his hero's death in 1898, he 2 cf. the reference to Harden In TTieodor Wolff " Dc' somehow have the effect of vastly enlarged maga Mancli durcb zwei Jahnehnie ". continued to criticise the Kaiser's policy. In zine comments and uortraits. While they attract > cf . Inter alia, Hans Delbrueck " Kautskv imd Harden ". consequence of his fierce attacks he was sentenced by their straieht-to-the-potnt approach, his last 1«0. for lese-majesty several times, but without effect. major book " Von Versailles nach Versailles", 4 According to him Rathenau, a« Minister of Fordin When his numerous adversaries accused him of (1927) excek in its broader outlook, greater con Affairs, accented an office. " fuer das Ihm alle Vorbedln«e. Wissen. tradllnii schlichte Sachllchkeit. Psycbolonie. Staai«- 1 ct. Uly Brsua. Mcmoiren ciner Sodtlbtln. Bd. I. 18. centration and its deep insight into the essentials mannsvoraussJcht. mitletdende. bang und froh mitaimende Kapitel. of an epoch based on thc author's experience. Liebe rum Volk. fehlten ". AJR INFORMATION October, 1961 Page 7 H, G. Reissner THE CASE OF MAXIMILIAN HARDEN CARIBBEAN-JEWISH CRUISE NOTES Continued from page 6 a grave mistake in not trying in time to avail itself of Harden's services. They were right in so One afternoon this past March, the departure Turkish Empire and recently from Eastem far as it had always been Harden's secret of the Zim Line s.s. Jerasalem from Nassau, Europe. Most of the latter group arrived direct, ambition not only to interpret events, but also to Bahamas, to New 'i'ork had to be delayed for some via the U.S.A. take an active part in shaping contemporary more than half an hour because one of her The Virgin Islands have had Jewish Govemors history. However, in its obituary on Harden, the passengers had remained unaccounted for. "Will three times in their history, from 1684-1686 democratic-minded " Vossische Zeitung" wrote Mr. Nathan Blum please report to the Purser's Gabriel Milan, commissioned by the King of office", the public address system repeated in Denmark; in 1950 Morris Fidanque De Castro, that he died at the right time, because he would short intervals. The steamer left without Mr. commissioned by the President of the United have failed to make " Die Zukunft" a success Blum's return aboard having been observed. He States ; and in 1961 Ralph Paiewonsky, commis again. Was traced, all the same—in the ship's synagogue sioned by President Kennedy. We disagree with this view and believe that just where he had been saying his Minha prayers. Ambitious and gifted Jews bom on those before his untimely death Harden was about to On the trip, he and his fellow-Jewish passengers islands made a career abroad, including, at the make a come-back as champion of the new con had had opportunities to visit synagogues ashore— tum of the eighteenth century, Judah Touro, who ception of world unity, and of co-operation, in a modern bungalow-type community centre in had relatives in^ Curasao and himself spent part particular, between the European free nations. San Juan, Puerto Rico, a delightful early nine of his infancy in Kingston, Jamaica, to become Certainly, he died in time to be saved from wit teenth-century building on St. Thomas, Virgin a trader and pTiilanthropist of national impact in nessing the overthrow of this idea during the Islands, and a late nineteenth-century synagogue Newport, Rhode Island and New Orleans, Nazi era. at Kingston. Jamaica. Other traditional Sefardi Louisiana. Judah P. Benjamin, a native of St. synagogues flourish in Willemstad, Cura9ao, Port- Croix, Virgin Islands, served as Attorney-General, The Man of-Spain, Trinidad, and Panama City, on the Secretary of War and State successively in the mainland. Services according to East Euro Cabinet of Confederate President Jefferson Davis ; pean rites used to be conducted in Havana, Cuba ; after the defeat of the South in the Civil War, Who was this man, who on the one hand but most, if not all of these Shools have been he gained prominence in law in England. Camille fascinated his contemporaries and who on deserted in the wake of recent political events. Pissaro, " father of French Impressionism ", was the other hand was one of the most hated The Sefardi synagogues in the area have retained born on St. Thomas, Virgin Islands. personalities ?' a tradition originally brought over from rainy In the recent past, Cuba, Haiti and the Was he—as Theodor Lessing has suggested—a Holland, i.e., to cover the floors with clean white striking example of "Jewish self-hatred"? It is sand, rather than with carpets which would be Dominican Republic had become small havens of refuge for victims of Nazi persecution. The true that Harden, like Waremme, formerly soiled by mud from the streets. The synagogue Warschauer, the controversial figure in Jakob 'n Kingston has an organ. Dominican Republic even encouraged an agricul tural settlement for Jewish refugees from Europe. Wassermann's novel " The Case of Maurizius", According to the American Jewish Year Book, Most refugees have left, in orderly fashion, as was an escapist from Judaism and Jewishness. '961 edition, approximate regional population soon as imifiTgration from Haiti and the However, when the protagonists of mounting anti- flgures (in thousands) were as follows: Dominican Republic into the U.S.A. or other Semitism attacked him ceaselessly because of his countries became possible. However, the Jews Jewish origin, he was forced out of the ivory Territory Total who established cattle farms in the Dominican tower of his hyper-assimilationist " Lebensluege " Here of Jews Republic, with the assistance of a subsidiary of (to use Ibsen's word), and he began to understand Cuba* 6,743 8 the " Joint", are said to be economically pros the peculiar situation of the Jewish diaspora. His Panama 1,053 2 perous. What has prompted the majority to leave tendency to go to extremes manifested itself in his Jamaica 1,671 1.4 were plain considerations of family or children's genuine sympathy for the Zionist cause, and this Cura9ao 148 1 education. astonishing " leshuva " was still in process when he died. Dominican Republic 2,994 .6 A fellow-passenger of ours met an old pal Trinidad 817 .4 with whom he had spent years in a French prison Though mostly interpreted as a relentless and Haiti 3,505 .2 camp during the war and who lives now in Port- deeply penetrating critic and chronicler of the era Barbados 237 .1 au-Prince, Haiti. The visitor was introduced to of Wilhelm II, he will also go down in history as the man's wife, a native Catholic, and their two an eminent man of letters, moved by his passionate 17,168 13.7 children who are " caf^-au-lait". A small group love of justice, truth and individual liberty—a deduct Jews who left Cuba during of Central European-Jewish business men and courageous soldier in the great battle for the the recent crisis 4 professionals found a prosperous existence in betterment of the conditions of mankind. Jamaica ; but their children have gone to England .,.. . ^7 for higher studies and are not likely to retum. 5 cf. e.g. Joh. Haller, Die Acra Buelow, 1922. p. 138 ; add civilians in U.S.A. possessions Jewish contemporaries of Harden, like Karl Kraus and Alfred Cuba is now being abandoned, not on account of Kerr, though on most hostile terms witb each other, were Puerto Rico 2,200 .5 anti-Semitic legislation or action, but because the twth ruthlessly opposed to bim. Virgin Islands 30 .5 island's new policy affects private businesses and professions. I am told tRat some young native- 19.398 10.7 bom Jews of East European parentage are amongst Hie percentage of Jews (.06 per cent) is minute those who have taken charge of concerns JO comparison wTth the total population (which is nationalised by the Castro regime. Overwhelmingly coloured), besides being subject The contrast between the unresolved social, tin ™^t"3tions in sympathy with the political economic and political tensions of the area and "aes. Political catastrophes seem to be dupli- its entrancing endowment by nature is beyond Ackermans ating the havoc periodically wrought by earth- the mental grasp of the casual vacationeer. There Htiakes and hurricanes. What is happening today is much food for thought, though, to be picked only a continuation of the political and social up and digested by the inquisitive Jewish traveller jPs and downs since the discovery of the Carib- who, unexpectedly, finds currents of global impact Chocolates tam '^l?""^* 6y Columbus. Its original inhabi- reflected in far out-of-the-way places. To give ants, Caribs and Arawaks, were completely a further example : there was one Jean Laflfite. a De Luxe 3J:"''|uished by the Spaniards, due to deportation former pirate, bom 1781 In Port-au-Prince, from reni '°^'^^^ work in mines abroad. They were whom Marx and Engels accepted money in 1847. IN BEAUTIFULLY j^Piaced by imported slaves from West Africa, Laflite, the son of a French father and a Creole- traA °^^'" ^Y ^ minority of estate owners, Jewish mother, held the philosophy " that the gold DESIGNED I captured . . . should be used as an army against PRESENTATION pSaers and pirates of Spanish, Dutch, British, those from whom I seized it" (quoted from p.].".'^" and Danish oriei'ns. The most recent The Journal of Jean Laffite, New York 1958. BOXES the M^ and economic influences have come from p. 134). His motivation was clearly influenced ^Nor{(, American mainland. by the fact that, on his mother's side, he was Multilateral commercial links have existed, descended from Jewish fugitives from Spain. MARZIPAN \j„'"5 all these centuries, with North America, After the mother's early death, the maternal jj^orthern Europe and West Africa. A share in grandmother, Zora La Porte, nde Beluchai, SPECIALITIES an J'"/^'""'continental trade in sugar, rum, molasses became a mother to him. " Grandmother's teach hail'; '"^^rly. slaves, was in the hands of Jews ings and the horrible scenes I witnessed when the "u'ng from North Westem Europe, later the Spanish smuggled arms to the black slaves . . . BAUMKUCHEN to revolt aeainst the French ... in Haiti, inspired A LIVING MEMENTO in me a hatred of the Spanish Crown and all the 43, KENSINGTON CHURCH ST„ persecutions for which it was responsible— OF THAT SPECIAL OCCASION not onlv against the JPWS, but also against the LONDON, W.« Ask for details of O"- poor and ignorant people of all races ..." On WES. 4359 and NEW TAPE RECORDING SERVICE the fly-leaf of his family Bible he acknowledged his heritage with the words : " Je dois toute mon 9, GOLDHURST TERRACE, inednuitd 4 la grande intuition de ma Grandm&re FINCHIEY ROAD, N.W.« JORTA RADIOVISION SERVICE Juive-Espaenole, qui a iii un temoin aux temps MAI 2742 _^_^;;oanal Parade. Finchlev Rd. N W.J. (HAM. 863S) de rinquisition ". Page 8 AJR INFORMATION October, 1961 Ernest Kahn was stricter than the Nazis jn its racial policy, whereas, at times, it applied the conception of " race " more from the point of view of religion (L. Poliakov, " Lois de Nuremberg et Lois de CONTEMPORARY fflSTORY AND THE WIENER LIBRARY Vichy: Du Racisme Integral au Racisme de Compromis "). A curious example of Nazi oppor For a long time, schools and universities have has been belied by the facts. " All history tunism in the face of awkward facts was their treat been reluctant to include the study of recent history is contemporary history" ALFRED BROD GALLERY 36 Sackville Street, W.l Annual Autumn Exhibition "/ Dutch and Flemish 17th-Century Painters OCTOBER 5-NOVEMBER 4 Page 10 AJR INFORMATION October, 1961 A CATALOGUE OF THE .lEWISH PERSONALIA PRESS More than 900 periodicals are listed in the - PROFESSOR NATHAN STEIN MAX HINRICHSEN 60 fifth edition of the most interesting catalogue, "The Jewish Press of the World" (7/6), edited by On 1st October Professor Nathan Stein. New The music publisher, Mr. Max Hinrichsen, Josef Fraenkel and published by the Cultural York, formerly Karlsruhe, will be 80. Born in recently celebrated his 60th birthday. For several Department of the World Jewish Congress. In each Worms, son of Rabbincr Dr. Alexander Stein, generations his family has owned the old-estab case, the name of the editor and of the publisher he practised law in Karlsruhe till he became lished firm of C. F. Peters (Leipzig) which, since or sponsoring organisation as well as the date a partner there Jn the old-established private the beginning of the last century, has published of foundation are recorded. With regard to the banking firm of Strauss & Co. the works of practically all leading German circulation figures, unfortunately, quite a fe* composers, from Bach, Beethoven, Handel and papers have not been very forthcoming. From 1911 onwards he lectured at the Technical Mozart to Liszt, Brahms and Richard Strauss. University, Karlsmhe, where he was given a pro In this country the number of periodicals The firm was confiscated by the Nazis in 1938 amounts to not less than 54, including 4 news fessorship in 1925. He emigrated to America and restored to the Hinrichsen family in 1945. in 1937. agencies, 7 weekUes, 3 fortnightlies, and 1' It is now operating in Frankfurt (Main). After monthlies. The list reveals that among the His activities have been characteristic of the his emigration to London in 1937, Mr. Max nionthlies AJR Information has one of the ilite of German Jewry. Apart from his profes Hinrichsen founded the Hinrichsen Edition Ltd., highest circulation figures. Only seven of the sional duties, he took upon himself as a matter which is linked up both with the House in Frank periodicals do not appear in English but i" of course honorary work both in the general and furt and with Peters Edition, New York, founded Yiddish (4), Hebrew (2) and French (1). The thc Jewish communities. He was judge of a Com by his brother, Walter Hinrichsen. The London mercial Court, a member of the Finanzgericht am firm has two main objects : to reissue up-to-date catalogue includes well-established national Oberfinanzamt of Karlsruhe (roughly the equiva editions of forgotten works of the past, especially papers of long standing, local Jewish papers and lent of the British Special Commissioners of those by British composers, and to issue new synagogue magazines, but also quite a few pubU compositions by our living composers. cations which were founded comparatively recently or which seem to have appeared only During the war, Mr. Max Hinrichsen was editor on rare occasions. of the fortnightly journal issued by the University Only a few papers are published in the East Committee for Education Among H.M. Forces. European former centres of Jewish culture, Since 1944 he has been Editor of Musical Year Poland (4), Rumania (1) and at the time of the Books and other reference books on music. He catalogue's publication, two in Russia (th« also serves on the Committee of the Music Birobidzhaner Shtern, three times weekly, and Publishers' Association. We wish Mr. Hinrichsen, the bi-monthly Sovieiish Hajmland in Moscow, who has been associated with the AJR since its with a circulation of 25,000). inception, many years of further successful work in his profession. The country with the greatest numiber of P^' lications (332) is" Israel. It is followed by the United States with 258 periodicals. DR, ALFRED COHN 80 The catalogue is concluded by a most interest On September 24, the dental surgeon. Dr. ing statistical summary, sphtting up the publica Alfred Cohn, celebrated his 80th birthday in tions according to their geographical and Berlin. He has always taken an active interest linguistic affiliations. Of the total, only 36 papers in Jewish affairs and, before the war, was a mem (3.86%) are published in German, 29 of which ber of the Berlin District Board of the Central- appear in IsraeL Verein. Dr. Cohn emigrated to Bolivia, The editor, Mr. J. Fraenkel, is to be con from where he returned to his home town a few gratulated on his painstaking work. Apart from years ago. Since then, his interest in current being an indispensable reference book, the cata Jewish problems has by no means decreased, and logue is also an important contribution to the the courage with which he expresses his views. assessment of Jewish cultural life all over th« even if they are unpopular, has always been world. respected also by those who did not agree with W.R. them. We extend to Dr. Cohn our sincerest congratulations. RABBI MAYBAUM ON FRANZ ROSENZWEIG THE AJR The German encyclopedia " Die Religion in Geschichte und Gegenwart", third edition, carries Income Tax); and he was the chairman of the an article on Franz Rosenzweig, written by Rabbi Legal and Taxation Committee of the Chamber Dr. I. Maybaum (London). CHARITABLE TRUST of Commerce, Karlsruhe. At the same time he served the Jewish community as president of the APPOINTMENT FOR AMERICANJEWISH These are the ways in which yon can help: Oberrat der Israeliten in Baden (Senior Jewish POET Council). He was a co-founder of the Zentral wohlfahrtsstelle and a member of the Council of Louis Untermeyer, the American-Jewish poet, CONTRIBUTIONS UNDER the Reichsvertretung. has been appointed consultant in poetry to the Congress Library, Washington, tor thc year COVENANT A man of such wide public experience, and so 1961-62. (in lieu of your membership subscription outstanding jn his triQwledge of Jewish affairs, felt The 75-year-old poet has written 60 books to the AJR). it incumbent upon him to place his services again including poetry, novels, short stories, parodies, at the disposal of his former community after translations and anthologies.—{J.C.) If you pay income tax at the its dispersal. In New York Dr Nathan Stein was standard rate, the tax recover elected President of the American Federation of COMPOSER'S SUCCESS Jews from Central Europe in 1946 and has been able as a result of your signing its Honorary President since 1952. The composer Alexander Goehr had the first a covenant would add about Professor Stein can thus look back with pride performance of his abstract composition. two-thirds to your own pay on a distinguished career jn the private and the " Hecuba's Lament", given at the Proms recently. ments without any additional public sphere. He has gained the gratitude and Alexander Goehr is 29 and is the son of the admiration especially of his Jewish compatriots late Walter Goehr, the conductor. His mother is costs to yourself. from Baden. They, and all who had the pleasure Laelia Goehr, the well-known photographer. He A Covenant commits the cove of co-operating with this refined and most impres has had many works performed, but this was the nanter for a period of seven sive personality, wish to express their cordial first time one of his compositions was included in congratulations on his 80th birthday. the Proms. years or during his life, which Mr. Goehr came to this country as a child from ever period is shorter. Nazi Germany and studied at the Royal College of Music in Manchester and at the Paris Con servatoire. GIFTS IN YOUR LIFETIMB AWARD FOR YIDDISH BOOK A BEQUEST IN YOUR WILL Wir IcauFen Einzelwerke, Bibliolheken, The Neumann Prize for 1961. worth $1,000, was Ask for particulars from: The Secretary, AJR Aufographen und moderne Graphik awarded in Geneva to Jacob Cynaman. of Paris, Charitable Trust, 8 Fairfax Mansions, Londoo. Direktor: Dr. Joseph Suschitzky for his work, " Emil Zola". The prize was N.W.3. established by the late Adolf Neumann, a Jewish 38a BOUNDARY RD., LONDON, N.W.8 THIS SPACE IS MADE AVAILABLE BY philanthropist of Geneva, for the most outstanding AN ANONYMOUS DONOR. T«l«nhon» MAI. 3030^== Yiddish book or poem of the year.—(J.C.) AJR INFORMATION October, 1961 Page 11 had been supported by leading members of the Soviet Writers' Union, including Mr. Ilya BEfflND THE IRON CURTAIN Ehrenburg.^—(J.C.) JEWS IN EAST GERMANY Berlin Jewish community js Heinz Schenk. Chair Shortly before the closing of the escape routes men of the affiliated communities are Richard YIDDISH ACTORS IN POLAND to the West, 20 Jews arrived in West Berlin from Lewinsohn (Dresden), Herbert Ringer (Erfurt), East Germany. Franz Kowalski (Halle), Kolstein (Karl-Marx- Three well-known Israeli actors left London for Fewer than 1,000 Jews live in the Eastern sector Stadt), Emanuel Henik (Leipzig), Oskar Eisen Poland to perform items from Sholem Aleichem's of Berlin. Contact with them has practically staedt (Magdeburg), A. Scheidemann (Schwerin). " Die Kleine Menschelech" in Yiddish and ceased but a special permit was issued by the East Hebrew. This is the first time Israeli actors have German authorities for the West Berlin Schochet REGISTER OF CHEMNITZ JEWS been asked to appear in this part of the world. They gave performances at the Yiddish Theatre in to visit the Eastem sector to provide kosher meat Former Jews who lived in the Jewish com 'Or a small group of Orthodox Jews who live Warsaw and at Cracow, Lodz and other places munity of Karl Marx Stadt in East Germany where there are Jewish communities. there.—(J.C.) are requested to help in preparing a register of „ The recently publisbed second issue of the former Jews. The community wishes to dedicate The visit came about as the result of a viMt by Nachrichtenblatt" of the East Berlin Jewish a new community centre and would like to com Ida Kaminska, the famous Yiddish actress and Community and the Federation of Jewish com pile a register of all former members for the director of the Yiddish Theatre in Warsaw, to munities in the German Democratic Republic occasion. Israel last year with her company. The Polish •Deludes reports on the communities in East Government representative with her was invited to German cities. In Karl-Marx-Stadt (formerly The request for all former residents of this a performance by the three actors, Eliahu Golden Uiemnitz), a conununity centre will be consecrated town—which was known as Chemnitz—to send berg, Shmuel Segal and Shmuel Rodensky. So On October 22. Leipzig was visited by Jews from their names was received by the Haifa Religious impressed was he that he decided to recommend •nany countries on the occasion of the Fair; Council, and is seen as an indication of a measure his Government to invite Mr. Goldenberg to n^ny visitors contacted the community, and some of revival of Jewish life there.—(J.C.) Poland. of them went to see the graves of their nearest RUSSIAN YIDDISH JOURNAL PUBLISHED Later this autumn the Yiddish State Theatre in ones at the Old and New Cemeteries. Magdeburg Warsaw is to produce for the first time the famous jecords a barmitzvah (Peter, son of Salomon According to a- despatch from the New York " Bar Kochba Drama " by the late Shmuel Hal- *-edermann). The Jewish population of Mecklen- Times correspondent in Moscow, the inaugural kin, the Yiddish-Russian author and playwright ourg consists of not more than 38 persons (mainly issue of Soviel Heimland, the first Yiddish who died in Moscow a few months ago.—(J.C.) Partners of mixed marriages), as against about periodical to be published in the Soviet Union •0,000 before 1933. The cemetery in Rostock has since 1948, has made its appearance in Moscow. ^n restored, and in Schwerin a communal house Mr. Aaron Veigelis, the editor, stated that the RUSSLiN YESHIVA STUDENTS IN U.S.A. ? ^s been erected at the site of the destroyed 130-page issue of the new periodical would cover synagogue. The Erfurt Synagogue has been the two-month period of July and August. Rabbi David B. Hollander, President of the ••tbuilt. The community has also taken charge On the occasion of Sholem Aleichem's New York Metropolitan Board of Orthodox °t 35 cemeteries in the districts of Erfurt, Gera. centenary, two years ago, a selection of the Rabbis, returned from a four-week visit to Russia and Suhl. author's works were presented in Yiddish. This where, he said, he was received by high officials The Rabbi of the Federation of Jewish Com- was followed by the publication of two other of the Ministi;y of Cults in Mescow. "JUnities in the German Federal Republic is Yiddish classical authors—Mendele Mocher When he raised tbe poss-ibility of having a small Martin Riesenburger. who was recently awarded Sefarim and Peretz—in the original Yiddish. The number of students of the Moscow Yeshiva sent "'}« Dr.h.c. by the Law Facultv of the Humboldt demand for these works, had demonstrated the wide to the U.S.A. for a two-year course in American University (East Beriin). The' Presidium of the interest for Yiddish reading in Russia and hence, Rabbinical schools, he was told that the proposi J^cderation consists of Hermann Baden, Helmut said Mr. Verpelis. "* We felt Justified in starting a tion was feasible and thc matter would be ^•''s and Hans Kleinberg. The Secretarv of the Yiddish monthly review ". This decision, he said, followed up.—(J.C.) Anybody who's anybody gives ^^^r the most gifted lighter of all Highlight of the Colibri rang*: MonoGAS. Fitted with auto matic temperature control, •mazing MonoGAS gives a constant-size flame In heat or cold automatically I The world's most advanced ga* lighter. Colibri-58/6 to £1,200. i oz. £5 12.6 i oz. £9.15.0 1 oz. £15.10.0 2 oz. £27.15.0 4 oz. £49.5.0 Page 12 AJR INFORMATION October, 1961 E. Schaefer That dinner lasted from 4 p.m. to 4 a.m. and in the end everybody was roaring drunk. During the official part, the address was given by Jhe •' Postdirektor " (it alternated every year between him, the Gymnasialdirektor, Amtsgerichtsrat, the IN A SMALL PRUSSIAN TOWN HALF A CENTURY AGO mayor, etc.). I shall never forget that speech, delivered in January, 1913! "Deutschland In 1912 I passed my " Referendar-Examen" humour. He threw another party at his own versumpfi. Nur ein frisch froehlicher Krieg kann and was assigned to the Amtsgericht at Wriezen house, behind the backs of the teachers who uns zu neuem Aufschwnng fuehren." At that (Oderbruch) for the first stage of my training. were not invited, and gave " echtes Bier" and dinner, officers of the Reserve and the Landwehr When I reported to the judge to whom I was " Gabelbissen" with a lot of brandy thrown in. appearea in uniform, the veterinary in a pattern detailed, he received me with the statement that Another member, a professor at the grammar of 50 years ago, looking like a postman, but he was a convinced anti-Semite and that Jews school, repeatedly gave a strange performance at proud. should, in his opinion, be admitted to the public the Stammtisch—after six glasses, he used to Even so, I learned a lot during my nine months service only according to their percentage of become melancholy, and lectured us at length on at Wriezen, getting an insight into the conditions the population. My answer was that, under these " Heinrich der Loewe ". It was the tragedy of of ithe rural pvopulation and their way of life. circumstances, I was immediately going to apply Germany that the lion had been conquered by The Oderbruch had been colonised by French to the Kammergerichtspraesident for transfer to Friedrich Barbarossa. After his seventh glass the refugees, hence place names like " Beauregard" another Amtsgericht. I stated that, as I had professor became merry again. The young son (pronounced Borchard) and others. One of the passed my examination with honours, I had been of my landlady was a pupil jn his form and used main industries was the breeding of geese allowed to choose an Amtsgericht near to Berlin, to give me a correct estimate of the number of (Oderbruch-Fettgaense). my home town, and that vacancies at Belzig and pints his teacher had had the night before. at Wriezen had been offered to me. As I had When travelling to and from Berlin, I had to heard that one of the judges at Belzig was anti- That landlady proved my saviour. One of the go second class for reasons of prestige (there was Semitic, I had elected Wriezen. Now, however, I judges had a drunken row with the proprietor of no first class on the small train, just second and was ready to serve at any Amtsgericht even if the Hotel Kronprinz. where the Stammtisch was third). Once, when entering the smoking com further away from Berlin. The Herr Amtsrichter held and which was the only place to get a decent partment, I found an old gentleman of distin did not like this at all. He implored me not to midday meal. In consequence, the Stammtisch guished appearance whom I did not want to take such a step and added that he had met a had to move to the one and only other " Lokal", disturb. I tumed to go to the non-smoking number of Jews whom he appreciated as where the food was awful; the Referendare were compartment; however, the old man addressed individuals. I let myself be persuaded to stay and forbidden to use the Kronprinz for lunch and me : " If you are smoker, please sit here". It the judge treated me with the utmost consideration my landlady kindly undertook to feed me at home. was old Field-Marshal von Haeseler, a relic from the 1870/71 war and at that time the only living throughout. It is true that I did most of his Visits to Prominent Residents work for him ! " Generalfeldmarschall" of the German Army- He proved an interesting talker. His mansion was I was told that I was expected to join a I was also given a list of families to call on. at Harnekop, near Haselberg, on the line to " Honoratiorenklub ", the " Mittwochsgescll- Garbed in my frock coat and top hat, I visited Wriezen. Later, I heard many stories about him— schaft", as a guest, and that the Herr Amtsrichter them one after the other. I found that I was he was a miser, grudging himself every expense; would introduce me. Wednesday came and I expected; they all knew that a new Referendar his housekeeper could hardly persuade him to was not asked to attend. Again I suspected anti- had arrived and was going to call. I was led into have chicken for dinner or strawberries out of Semitism ; however, I was introduced the follow the unheated " gute Stube ' and addressed as his estate; everything had to be sent to the ing Wednesday. The week before, there had been follows : " Herr Referendar, in this small town market. an " Eisbeinessen " defrayed out of the fine till: you will miss all the amenities of the "Grosstadt". members who failed to appear without excuse, We cannot offer you much, but we wiU certainly In 1917, during the First Worid War, when I or who violated certain " Komment" rules, had to try to make your stay pleasant. My daughter was serving in the Army, I spent a leave at Bad pay small fines. As I had not contributed yet, it happens to be in the kitchen just now. but she Freienwalde with my wife. I took her to close was resolved that that special Wednesday was not will make an appearance soon." The door by Wriezen to show her the place of which I suitable for my first attendance. opened, and in came the daughter, nicely dressed had spoken so often. I said : " When we arrive up, with a " Taendelschuerze", carrying a tray we shall find Amtsrichter X standing in front of with home-made cake (" baked by my daughter ") The "Referendar" joins the "Stammtisch" the station, in order to collect the B.Z. am and wine, alas often home made, too. All these Mittag, which also comes by this train." MV At that " Stammtisch", consumption of beer families gave a dinner party during the season. wife said : "Well, he may have been standing was immense. When I had attended for several As there were was only one " Kochfrau". the there in 1912 or 1913, but now?" He H'*" weeks, the burgomaster, mellow after his sixth menu was practically the same every time. When standing there, as I had predicted. pint, suddenly approached me and, in an almost I once took a young lady into dinner. I asked tearful voice, told me that he was going to make her whether she intended to go in for a profession. Weimar Reinstates Reactionary Judge " a confession". " Dear Herr Referendar, Highly offended, her mother shouted, across the through the years", he said, "we have hnd m^ny table, " Sieht meine Tochter so aus ? " I also put To continue on a more serious note : In 1919. Referendare, and many of them Jewish gentlemen. my foot in it when I invited my neighbour to Amtsrichter X, who was a " Quartalssaeufer " and You know that we are in the district of the have a " Vielliebchen " with me ; this seemed to identical with the anti-Semitic judge mentioned Kammergericht, which is in Berlin, and in Berlin be considered almost a proposal! Yes, things above, got involved in a political dispute at the there are so many of you. .W] of them were nice were different from Berlin indeed. The gemlemen local. This was during the election campaign for people, educated men, nichts zu sagen, but they I visited all came to my ' Bude", " um ihre the Weimar Nationalversammlung. During the did not drink, and that disturbs the Gemuetlich Karten abzuwerfen ", while I was absent, working dispute, X suddenly drew a revolver and shot keit. But you, Herr Referendar, trinken ja wie at the Court. dead his socialist opponent, a local doctor, married with a family. He was convicted by the ein Loch ". It was considered the climax of a On the list of the families to be visited there successful Stammtisch-evening when an emerited Court at Prenzlau and sentenced for manslaughter. was also the Oberpfarrer. Surprisingly enough, Some years later, but before Hitler, when 1 was a elementary school rector, over 80 years old, was he was quite human and belonged to the twentieth persuaded to sing an obscene song: whereupon I, Rechtsanwalt and attended a hearing before the century. He and his wife gave no conventional Amtsgericht Berlin-Mitte, X was sitting on the still fairly steady on my feet, saw the staggering parties but asked me to come and see them gentleman safely home. bench as a judge. After serving part of his zwanglos " of an evening. The closest friend of penalty, he had been released and the Weimar Two members of the Stammtisch were young his daughter was a Jewish girl whose mother, a Republic allowed him to function again. " Oberlehrer", masters at the local grammar widow, was in charge of the horse dealing business In 1930 and after, when I was a legal adviser school. Now, once a year, every member of the of her late husband. That Jewish family did not Jo the Berlin Osram Company, I often went on Stammtisch had to throw a birthday party at his figure on the list, but I spent many most enjoyable business to Muskau, the little town where Fuerst own expense. Instead of lager, which was drunk evenings at their house and in their garden Often, Pueckler-Muskau once devised and planted "•! on ordinary evenings, "echtes Bier" was served, the friends of the " Pfarrhaus " were there, too. famous park. Even then, the atmosphere ot and at midnight there appeared large dishes of When " Kaisers Geburtstag" approached, Muskau reminded me strongly of Wriezen nearly " Gabelbissen" with various " Delikatessen ". members of the " Buergerschaft" were invited to 20 years ago. The Landrat and his Regierung'" This was much too expensive for the two teachers sign on their names for the " Kaisergeburtstags- assessoren held themselves strictly aloof from tfj* who had just married and set up homes on their essen " (a stag dinner) at the Kronprinz. but woe Amtsgerichtsraete; even more exalted was tne meagre starting salaries In order to assist them, to him who had dared to sign without belonging Director-General of the Graeflich Arnimscne another member, a " Gutsbesitzer". who was to the " Honoratioren ". Shortly before the event Berawerksverwaltung. a nobleman, who ^' very well off and spent the winter in his "Stadt a member of the committee came to see me ; he addressed as Herr Bergassessor. Osram had haus ". reverted, on his own birthday, to the seemed embarrassed and took a long time to subsidiary company nearby, a small coal mine- " gute alte Sitte", giving lagerbier and ordinary come to the point. There was a " Volontair " in When the director of the company, who had risen sausage and cheese sandwiches. This nearly a local grain business. " quite a decent type". from the rank of ordinary miner, was addressee disrupted the Stammtisch ; members felt they had This chap happened to be an officer in the Reserve in the street by the Arnimsche Generaldirektor. been deprived of their rights. As an outsider. I Army. Would I mind terribly if they placed he felt highly favoured and raved about it f<'l was asked xo act as a mediator. Fortunately. him " ueber mir" at the dinner table, as I was days. Had he been spoken to by Graf Amim, * Herr Schwabe, the Gutsbesitzer, had a sense of not an officer though presumably a gentleman ? don'i know what would have happened ! In contrast I mention two other members of tn* THE MEW HOMES BUILDING SOCIETY. EAST TWICKENHAM Wriezen Stammtisch ; thev were teachers at tn POPesflrove 7402 Provincial Institution for Deaf Mutes. I l^^"^^" Chairman : Anthonv Marlowe. M.P. Directors : I. Cowen. C.B.E.. O. Schonfield F.A.LP.. M. Baron, Sir H. Roberta. to appreciate and admire these cultured men. wn INVEST IN A SOCIETY DEVOTED SOLELY TO ASSIST OWNER OCCUPIERS. devoted themselves selflessly to their never-endiijs ^ INTEREST RATES FROM 41% TO 5i% (TAX PAID) and exacting task. My acquaintance with .'"^ District Afents throughout U.K. and their work was indeed a wonderful experience- AJR INFORMATION October, 1961 Page 13 SHADOWS OF THE PAST OBITUARY THE EICHMANN TRIAL NAZI CRIMINALS - DR. VICTOR LEHMANN It is learned with deepest regret that the The trial of Adolf Eichmann was finally It is evident that the capture of Eichmann has solicitor. Dr. Victor Lehmann, passed away jn his adjourned on August Mth. The judgment and led to an intensified search in many countries 74th year. His death is a grievous loss for the verdict are not expected before November. The for known Nazis still at large. former refugees to whose well-being he rendered Attornsy-General will only then be able to ask From June, 1960, to June, 1961. 86 Nazi war signal services since he came to this country. For for sentence. criminals were arrested in Germany and Austria, compared with 40 arrested in the same months of more than 20 vears he was the Hon. Secretary of The trial started on April llth and lasted the two preceding years. During last year 26 Self-Aid. At the same time, he was always ready sixteen weeks. One hundred and thirteen sesMons sentences were passed on Nazi war criminals, to help when a needy fellow-refugee required his lasting 387 hours were held and about 68,000 including seven life imprisonment senfences, as assistance, be it in matters of restitution or in people visited the courtroom. Another 78,000 question of English law. Time and again, the against 14 verdicts from 1958 to I960. AJR Social Department experienced his unselfish people saw the trial on television at the Ratis- In various other countries, excluding Germany bonne Monastery. Official observers from abroad and effective helpfulness in this respect. Before and Austria, 39 verdicts were pronounced against 1933 Victor Lehmann was a public prosecutor also saw the trial. About 600 journalists from war criminals during the last year as against ^0 countries reported on it. and, later on. a judge in Berlin ; for some years 16 verdicts in the preceding two years. he also represented the Weimar Republic at the Should the verdict go against Eichmann, the In response to requests for extradition by the Anglo-German Mixed Arbitral Tribunal in Lon Attorney-General will ask for the death penalty. Government of West Germany, the Argentine don. As a scion of the well-known Hollander There is. however, a difference of opinion in Govemment announced that it would make every family, he had also many artistic interests, Israel's judiciary as to whether the maximum effort to find Dr. Josef Mengele, who has charges especially in the field of literature and music. The ^ntence is mandatory under the Law for the pending against him of diabolical medical experi departure of Victor Lehraann will be deeply Punishment of Nazis and their Collaborators ments on concentration camp inmates. Interpol, mourned by his numerous friends and clients, and under which Eichmann is being tried. The court the intemational poUce organisation, has promised we extend our sincerest sympathy to his widow. could find him guilty, but take into account any to help in this respect. grounds for mitigating punishment. In the Soviet Union, 16 men were tried for RABBI DR. N. WAHRMANN Eichmann has been moved from the Beth Nazi activities in the past year, eight of them Ha'am building to a fortress prison near Haifa, Lithuanian collaborators who were also charged Rabbi Dr. Nahum Wahrmann. one of the last J'here he is to remain until judgment is given in with the murder of Jews in their country dunng lecturers at the Jewish-Theological Seminary in November.—(J.C.) the occupation. Their trial has been proceeding Breslau, died in Israel. 66 years old. He became in Riga since March this year. Of the other District Rabbi for Oels and the smaller communi eight, six were sentenced to death and executed ties in Lower Silesia in 1925. At the same time, Adolf Eichmann has refused to testify as a for their part in the murder of Soviet Jews. One he took up lecturing at the Breslau Seminary. prosecution witness in the trials of 27 Nazi of those charged and sentenced to death in This part of his activities steadily increased after criminals in Germany and Austria. He told a absentia was Ain Erwin Mere, who was found 1933, owing to the emigration of other members Haifa magistrate who visited him that his defence guilty of complicity in mass murder in Estonia. of the teaching staff. Together with Professor counsel had advised him against answering any He is now living in Britain where the Govem Lewkowitz he was one of the last two lecturers questions before the end of his own trial.—(J.C.) ment offered him asylum.—(J.C.) when the Seminarv was closed in 1939. ZION HOUSE LECTURES THEODOR HERZL SOCIETY AJR CLUB in conjunction with the ZION HOUSE, 57 ETON AVE., UNIVERSITY OF LONDON (Extra-Mural Department) N.W.3 LANDMARKS IN SUNDAY, OCTOBER 15 JEWISH HISTORY The new HIGH in girdles TUESDAY. OCTOBER 17 at 5 p.m. sharp Robbi J. Kokotek " How the Hebrews became a People " A TUESDAY. OCTOBER 31 Robbi Louis Jacobs PH.D., B.A. MiRRY-CO-ROUND " Ezra and Nehemia " TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 14 HILDE ZWEIG The Rev. Charles F. Davey B.D., M.A., B.A. " Thc Meaning of Jesus in Jewish Historv " RUDI OFFENBACH Four further lectures on Bar Kochba. Islam. Jewish Emancipation. and the War of Liberation will be given on November 28, Space donated by January 2. January 16, and January 30. TRADE CUTTERS LIMITED. The lectures will be held at 8.15 p.m. at Zion House, 57 Eton Ave.. London. N.W.S 38 Felsham Road. Putney.S.W.IS Fees : Series 12/- Single lecture 2;- (Students 1/-) Xtra-Hi WORLD-WIDE TRAVEL Through BARON TRAVEL COMPANY umu^ 15, EDGWAREBURY GARDENS, EDGWARE, MIDDLESEX Tel. : STOnegrove 5019 - 8626 Cobles : TRANSBARON, EDGWARE '•ROPRiETOR : J. G. J. BARON. A.T.A.I. ALWAYS AT YOUR PERSONAL SERVICE MEMBER OF TRAVEL TRADE ASSOCIATION & BRITISH TRAVEL & HOLIDAYS ASSOCIATION STANDARD SEWING MACHINE SERVICE LTD. ELITE TYPEWRITER Co. Ltd. Contti Silkoutttt Ud., 84 taktt Street, london, W.l WEL. 2528 All Maites Bought. Sold. & Exchanged Repairs, Maintenance 18 CRAWFORD STREET, BAKER STREET, W.l Page 14 AJR INFORMATION October, 1961 LETTER TO THE EDITOR ZION HOUSE LECTURES As in previous years the Theodor Herzl Society "EINST UND JETZT' Seder in echter juedischer Form. Einen frueheren (in conjunction with the Extra Mural Department Seder erlebte ich auch bei meinen Grosseltern. of the University of London) will hold a series Den Erinnerungen von Nelly Wolffheim in der Mein Grossvater war Justizrat Siegmund Meyer, of lectures, with distinguished and expert Mai-Nummer von " AJR Information " moechte der ueber 25 Jahre Vorsteher des Vorstandes der speakers. This year the subject of the series is ich einige Ergaenzungen aus meiner eigenen Juedischen Gemeinde zu Berlin war. Mit unter '" Landmarks in Jewish History ". Details may be Jugend hinzufuegen, die in die gleiche Zeit faellt seiner trtitiative enlstand der Gotlesdienst mil seen from the advertisement published in this wie die der Verfasserin. Ich schreibe etwas modernem Rilus in den Synagogen Lindenstr., issue, and a leaflet with the full syllabus is verspaelet, denn die Blaetter erreichen mich in Luelzowstr. und Oranienburger Sir. attached to those copies of this issue which are Australien immer erst nach einiger Zeil. Waehrend zu meiner Schulzeit noch kein sent to members in London. It is hoped that Ich stamme aus einer ganz assimitierlen Familie. obligatorischer Unterricht bestand. hatten meine many of our readers will be interested in this Weder bei uns, noch bei meinen Grosseltern, noch Brueder im Wilhelms-Gymnasium bereits regu- venture and attend the lectures. bei anderen Verwandten wurde ein koscherer laeren juedischen Retigionsunterricfit. Die Lehrer ff aus hall gefuehrt. Wenn auch die riluellen waren, ebenso wie in der Religionsschule, recht THE HYPHEN Gebraeuche nichl gehalten wurden, so wurden verschiedener Art, teils gut und angesehen. teds wir doch in den Gedanken juedischer Moral und weniger Ehrfurcht gebietend. Deri Hoehepunkt The Hyphen programme for October and Elhik erzogen. Ein Synagogenbesucit zu den dorl bildete der Religionsunlerricht bei Dr. Baeck, November again includes theatre visits, at homes Feiertagen war eingeschlossen. zu jener Zeil. 1913/14, noch nicht so bekannt. and rambles. There will also be the Hyphen In der Schule hatte ich noch keinen Religions A ber schon damals fuellte sich das Klassenzimmer, Birthday Parfy on Saturday, October 7th, at unterricht. Ebenso wie Nelly Wolffheim nahm das bis dahin nicht sehr gesucht war. von Stunde 7.30 p.m. at the Odeon Cinema Restaurant, ich zu Anfang an den Sittnden des Alten Testa zu Stunde mehr. Temole Fortune, N.W.ll. Buffet, dancing and ments mit meinen christlichen Mitschuelerinnen Nelly Wolffheims Schilderung des Jugendgotles- entertainment included. Tickets £1 Is. Od., avail leil, aber nur in den allerersten Jahren, da spaeter dienstes in der New Liberal Jewish Congregation able at the door. Further particulars about the auch bei diesen Glaubenslehre etc. eingeschlossen ist gleich dem Gottesdienst. den Rabbi Cassell in programme can be obtained from the Hon. war. Als ich etwa in der Mine meiner Schulzeit Bulawayo (Southern Rhodesia) eingerichtet hat. Secretary, Miss Marion Koppel, 23 Paddington war, wurde die Religionsschule in den Raeumen Auch hier uebernehmen die Kinder—Jungen und Green, London. W.2. der Synagoge Luetzowstrasse unter der Leitung Maedchen—cdle Funktionen des Gottesdienstes. von Rabbiner Dr. Weisse eroeffnet. Wir lernten z.B. Lesen der Gebete in Englisch und Hebraeisch, DESPATCH OF "AJR INFORMATION" dort Biblische Geschichle, etwas Juedische Ausheben der Thora usw. Nur das Lesen des Geschichte und auch Hebraeisch. Dann hatten Thora-Abschnittes wird vom Rabbiner vorgenom The despatch of " AJR Information" is not wir—die aus der Religionschule kommend—bei men. und in der Erklaerung dieses Abschniltes carried out by the AJR Office but by a private Drj Weisse in der Wohnung Unterrichi, der am besteht die Predigt. agency. Though the utmost care is taken, it is 11 November 1900 zu einer feierlichen Einseg- unavoidable that sometimes a copy does not reach nung von elwa 10-12 Maedchen in der Synagoge 61 Grasmere Road. its destination. In this case, readers should kindly Luetzowstrasse fuehrte. Cremorne, N.S.W. contact the AJR, but not before ten days after Bei Dr. Weisse erlebte ich auch den ersten ^ HEDWIG WITTON. tbe beginning of the month. FAMILY EVENTS CLASSIFIED FULL - TIME LEDGER or DES MisceUaneous PATCH CLERK position (mostly sedentary work) sought by man aged SUPERFLUOUS HAIR safely and Entries in this column are free of Situations Vacant 53, formerly self-employed. . Box 871. permanently removed by qualified Physiotherapist and Electrolysist. charge. Texts should be sent in by Facials. Body massage. Visits the ISth of the month. HUNGARIAN/GERMAN -SPEAK ING COMPANION (with nursing GENTLEMAN, versatile, with good arranged. Consultations free. Mrs. experience) required for elderly lady. experience in confectionery, jams and Dutch, D.R.E., 239 Willesden Lane, Continental family living in South syrup manufacture, seeks similar N.W.2. Tel.: WILlesden 1849, or Birthdays position, preferably as assistant COLindale 8277 (for messages). London. Excellent wages; easy hours. manager.—Box 873. Household staff kept. Accommodation SEWING MACHINE, medium weight, Fraenkel.—On October Sth, Mrs. provided. Good references essential. wanted for elderly people, to help Hansi Fraenkel (nee Obst), of 179 Box 868. Women occupy them. Please contact AJR Portland Crescent, Stanmore (Middx.), Social Service Department, MAIda will celebrate her 60th birthday. BUTTON COVERER, experienced Vale 4449. HOUSEKEEPER / COMPANION with materials and leather, seeks full required by one business lady. Small, er part-time employment. Box 872. MISSING PERSONS Braiin.—October 7th, Mr. Oeorg modern, central-heated house in Mid Braun, of 19 Chandos Road, London, lands industrial town. References Personal Enquiries N.2, will celebrate his 75th birthday. essential. Box 869. Acconunodatioa Wanted Siegmund Saly Naftali, born 20.1.1894 PERMANENT ACCOMMODA in Daber, Kreis Naugard/Pommern; The Morris Feinmann Homes Trust TION required by educated lady: left Berlin in June, 1938, and came Deaths invites applications for the post of room and kitchenette or room and to London in April, 1939; was HOUSEKEEPER for Jewish Old cooking facilities, H. & C, electric interned until May, 1942. Sought by Kronheim.—Mr. Hans Kronheim Age Home for Former Refugees. or c.h.. adjacent any tube station daughter, Sonya Valako, Mirina- passed away peacefully after a short Modern building, pleasantly situated between Willesden-Finchley Road. Lannos, Androni, Greece. illness on August 25th in his 75th in South Manchester ; knowledge of Box 876. year at Withington Hospital, Man German an advantage ; remuneration chester. Deeply mourned and missed according to experience. Apply to We still require furnished, single by his wife, Hedwig. and daughter. Treasurer. P.O. Box I, Eccles, Man rooms for retired, elderly persons, Lilo lessen. chester. some willing to help with light duties. Offers will be very welcome. Please ring the AJR Social Service Depart ment. MAIda Vale 4449. NU-STILO Schwarz.—Mrs. Mathilde Schwarz SECRETARY REQUIRED, fluent (n^e Bloch), formerly Houston, Texas, English and German, able to type U.S.A., and Muenchen, widow of Mr. and use Stenorette, good at figures, for AJR Attendance Service Eugen Schwarz. passed away peace export-import organisation. Interest fully in her 82nd year on September ing progressive position. City area. WOMEN available to care for sick FOOTWEAR LTD. 5th, in Switzerland. Deeply mourned Box 874. people and invalids, as companions by her family and friends. Julian and sitters-in; full- or part-time; non BRIDGEND, GLAMORGAN Black, 96 Fernleigh Road, Glasgow, residential. 'Phone MAIda Vale 4449. S.3. NURSE-COMPANION for elderly lady; beautiful country house near London Offices: Kroch.—Mrs. Anna Kroch. formerly London. Box 875. Translations MORLEY HOUSE, Berlin, passed away on September TRANSLATION BUREAU. Dr. 314 REGENT STREET, llth in her 82nd year. Moumed by jur. Oscar Zweigenthal. 43 Warring W.l her son. Dr. F. H. Kroch, and her Situations Wanted ton Crescent, W.9. CUNningham daughter, Mrs. L. Krotos. 3755. Certified translations : English, German, Czech and Slovakian. Men Manufacturers of Medium Gersman.—Miss Selma Gersman, of TRANSLATION—German: Techni 18 WilloughBy Road, N.W.3, passed BOOKKEEPER, experienced, reliable, cal and General. Ernst Pories, B.Sc. Grade Ladies' Footwear away peacefully on September Mth seeks full- or part-time post. Box (Econ.), 28a Kenmere Gardens. Wem after a long illness. 870. bley, Middx. AJR INFORMATION October. 1961 Page 15 Ernst Berent exclusively by the world-wide " Joint" organi sation, which, adapting itself to military and political developments, moved from one FIVE DECADES OF JEWISH RELIEF country to another, from one free zone to the neighbouring one, and had relief centres in every place where fleeing Jews appeared, even History of the " Joint" on Record some " underground" centres in territoiies What is the "Joint"? Most people in this Jewry, often forced to adopt complicated occupied by the Germans. country will at once think of the Sunday roast, methods by political and economic circum One of the hardest tasks arose when the tastefully and cunningly rolled by the butcher, stances. war was over, and a stream of tens of that plays such an important part in British The " Joint " always concentrated its atten thousands of Jewish displaced persons, steadily life. But that is not the " Joint " in Jewish life, tion mainly on the East European Jews, then reinforced from the East, found a provisional which also has many artistic and ingenious totalling nine millions, part of whom lived in home in camps in Germany and Austria. These features, though in another sphere. That semi-medieval conditions to the south and Jewish camps, with their exigent demands on "Joint," known by hearsay to every Jew south-west of the former German frontiers. all and sundry, were in every conceivable though to many only a vague notion, is, in Its principal concern was to improve their respect a heavy encumbrance on the Occupying fact, the American Joint Distribution Com- situation and, while preserving their religious Forces, UNRRA, and especially the "Joint". piittee. It came to life in the war years 1914-15 and cultural tradition, to bring them closer to Only step by step was it possible to find more •n America, when it amalgamated three leading Western standards. The " Joint" tried to do or less permanent accommodation for this •American-Jewish relief organisations of widely justice to its task through economic, educa saving remnant. The ill-famed camp at differing religious and social shades, united in tional, and hygienic relief measures, which Foehrenwald could not be closed down their determination to bring help to the Jews alone at that time seemed possible and con until 1957. of Eastern Europe, whose existence, up till then structive, in spite of recurrent pogroms. It The book is written by a non-Jew. Whether jllore or less static, was threatened by the was impossible to transplant as many as nine consciously or not, he has seen and described first World War. This organisation, created millions, or even a part thereof worth men the work of the "Joint," and Jews in general, 'n tbe first instance to meet an apparently tioning, to safer territory, particularly as the through rose-coloured spectacles. The post Unique war crisis, is now approaching its 50th former main countries of asylum for persecuted script added to the book shows that the author birthday. In the interval it has been involved Jews, especially the U.S.A. and the British was very soon made aware he had shown the •II a large number of other crises in the life Mandated Territory of Palestine, were con Jews in an exaggeratedly favourable light. If of Jewish communities, some of which would stantly restricting the numbers of immigrants. the work is thus not quite free of blemishes, have seemed to the founders in their day like When the avalanche of hatred of the Jews let which the critical Jew above all cannot over iJantesque visions, devoid of all possible reality. loose by Hitler, spread in every direction and look, it still is a work of great merit, which J^ng to the distress among Jews that arises the war started by him overran the East, this brings a knowledge of the character and here and there continually, it will have increas phase of the " Joint's " work came to an end. activity of the " Joint" for the first time to a ingly difficult tasks to cope with for many There followed the greater and harder task wide public. y^ars until it is finally—if at all—succeeded of saving as many Jews as possible from oy the Divine peace among men. Hitler's " final solution". Exemplary work STATELESSNESS—U.N. CONVENTION was done in this connection by the Central At the suggestion of the " Joint" the well- A United Nations conference in New York has known American author, Herbert Agar, has British Fund for Jewish Relief and Rehabilita formally aproved a convention on the reduction ^"tten a comprehensive account of the tion, founded in London in 1933. Thanks to of Statelessness. This has been submitted for Joint's " activity since its foundation, with the it, the " Joint " took a greater interest in Central signature to member States. ?i8naficant title "The Saving Remnant".* It and West European Jews, whose situation had After debating the matter for two years, 21 !* no historical work in thc ordinary sense, but until then not been fully realised in America. members approved the resolution. Seven abstained 'n describing the relief work of the " Joint" The relief work demanded enormous sums. on the grounds that the Article dealing with loss ^'1 over the world it probably presents for the Between 1914 and the end of 1959 alone of nationality is far too detailed and restrictive. the " Joint" distributed more than $667 The clause regarding the deprivation of ['''St time to world-wide opinion a picture of nationality now provides that no State can deprive 'he all-embracing relief work of American millions, by far the greater part of which came any person of his nationality if he has no alter from collections of the American United native nationality, unless he originally obtained t-ondo"^**" Agar: Tb« Sarint Remnanl. Rurcn Hart Davies. Jewish Appeal. Relief was carried out almost his Statehood by fraud or has been disloyal. "HOUSE ARLET" The Exclufive Solon de Corteterie "BABETTE" ROSEMOUNT 77 St. Gabriel's Rd., London, N.W.2 Mme H. LIEBERG 17 Parsifal Road, N.W.6 Coffee Lounge and 'Phone : GLA. 4029 HAMpstead 5856 & 8565 871 FINCHLEY ROAD Visitors to London are welcome in my Restaurant (Ne>t to the Post Office. Colders Creen) THE BOARDING HOUSE WITH CULTURE exquisitehr furnished and cultured Private a HALLSWELLE PARADE, N.W.II Hotel. 'Phone : SPEedwell a673 A Home for you (Of»posJte Temple Fortune Odeon) Central Heating, Garden, TV. Ready-made and to measure. tlderly people welcomed Good residential district. •Phooe : SPEedwell 7432 MRS. LOTTE SCHWARZ EXPERT AND QUALIFIED FITTERS r~. Do yx>u wont comfort and CATERI NG with a difference! HARROGATE every convenience, Foods of all nations for formal or informal THE DORICE occasions of all kinds—in your own honne ^I'lRST-CLASS ACCOMMODATION or any venue. """n with own beth, excellent Continental Continental Cuisine—Licensed Please telephone : food. TV. lounoe, gardens 7 OAKBRAE GUEST HOUSE Mrs. A. WOLFF, l69o Finchley Rd., N.W.3 Mrs. Illy Liebermann Mrs. M. Eger 3, SpringHeld Avenue for free consultations : HAMpstcad 7724 3 Hemstal Road, N.W.6 (MAI. 6301) or write to 8 Perrin's Lane, London, N.W.S Opposite Maiestic Hotel. Few minutes ;^____ (MAI. 8521) from Royal Baths. PARTIES CATERED FOR BED AND BREAKFAST 'Phone: 67682 COMFORTABLE HOME SIMAR HOUSE Picardy Hotel FOR OLD LADIES "THE CONTINENTAL" The private Continental Hotel LICENSED Moderate Ternns. 9 CHURCH ROAD, 10 Herbert Road Meyrick Road, East Cliff, 68, Sheet-up Hill, N.W.2 SOUTHBOURNE BOURNEMOUTH WEST BOURNEMOUTH -Phone : GLA. 5838 •Phone 20751/3 As always, the House with the BOURNEMOUTH 2 minutes beach, town, and amusements. home-like atmosphere 54 bedrooms, central heating, lift, 2 TV lounges, card and reading lounge. 'Phone: Bournemouth 48804 CENTRAL HEATED DINING R un '(ELECTRICA* L PHOTOCOPIES BRASSIERES, CORSETS, INSTALLATIONS) LTD. (Incorporattna Retuner & Goldberg) QUICK and RELIABLE HIGHEST PRICES AND CORSELETS ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS paid for All mode to measure Ladias' and Gantlaman's cast-off 199b Belsize Road, N.W.6 GOLDERSTAT Clothing, Suitcasas, Trunks, ate. MRS. A. MAYER MAI. 2646 25, Downham Road, N.l (Ladies' large sizai preferred) •Phone : CLIssold 5464 (5 lines) Wi QO ANYWHERE, ANY TIME New'Phone No. : SPE. 1451 Before 8.30 o.m. and after 7 p.m. GLA. 1322, MAI. 0359 54. Golders Gardens, N.W.II 'Phone : SPEedwell 5643 S. DIENSTAG JEWISH BOOKS (HAMpsUad 074(1 of all kinds, new and second-hand. M. FISCHLER Whole Libraries and Single Volumes CONTINENTAL UPHOLSTERY NORBERT COHN bought. Taleisim. Bookbinding. Agents for Parker-Knoll. ChrlstJe*Tyler and F.B.O.A. (Hons.). D.Orth. vartous other makes. M. SULZBACHER Carpets supplied and fitted beiow shop prices. OPHTHALMIC OPTICIAN M. GLASER JEWISH & HEBREW BOOKS (also purchase) CURTAINS, DRAPES & MATTRESSES PRACTICAL UPHOLSTERER 4, Sneath Avenue. Golders Green Rd., MADE, ALSO FRENCH POLISHING 20. Northways Parade, Finchley Road, London. N.W.II. Tel ; SPE 1694 Swiss Cottage, N.W.S All Re-Upholstery, Carpers, 105 AXHOLME AVENUE, EDGWARE. 'Phone : PRImrose 9660 Furniture Repairs. French Polishing MIDDX. (EDG. 541 1) Will (E DONE TO YOUR SATISFACTION DEUTSCHE BUECHER COMFORTAIR 'Phon* : HAMpstead 9601 or call at HEATING CONTRACTORS GESUCHT! A. OTTEIV F.B.O.A. (Hon..) (Incorooratlng West Heath Refrlaeratlon 432 FiNCHLEY ROAO (Chlld'a HIII). N.W.I Service) R. & E. STEINER (BOOKS) OPHTHALMIC OPTICIAN S GARSON HOUSE. CENTRAL HEATING AND GLOUCESTER TERRACE, LONDON, W.I DOMESTIC ENGINEERING H.WOORTMAN&SON 'Phone : AMBassador 1 S64 Tal.: 118 FINCHLEY ROAD 14 WEST HEATH DRIVE, LONDON. N.W.11 Ausgewaehltes tager selterer und Phone: SPE, 061 S. Also at 8, Baynas Maws, Hampstaad, N.W.3 vergrtffener Buecher, HAMpstead OPPOSITE JOHN lARNIS • 197 Charlrldge Lane, Chatham, Bucks. Phone : HAMpstead 3974 8336 riNCHlEY IIOAO MET. STN. For English & German Books LEO HOROVITZ Continental Buildar and Decorator RABEIVSTEIIV LTD. SCULPTOR-STONEMASON Specialist in Dry Rot Repairs ESTIMATES FREE HANS PREISS Kosher Butchers, Poulterers Memorials for oil Cemeteries International Booksellers and LIMITED 16, FAWLEY ROAD, Sausage Manufacturers WEST HAMPSTEAD, N.W.6 14 Bury Place, London, W.Cl Utijgr tke superviiitn of the Beth Din Telephone : HAMpstead 2S64 HOL 4*41 Wholesalers and Retailers iSHOE REPAIRS of first-class RICH'S SHOE REPAIR SERVICE LUGGAGE (iocmerl)' REICH) now at Wir kaufen, reparieren oder nehmen Ihr Continental Sausages altes Gepaeck in TeHzahlung 133, HAMILTON ROAD, N.W.ll Daily Deliveries (2 astnutcs Breot Station) FAIRFIELD & FUCHS 210 WEST END LANE, N.W.S 5, Fairhazel Gardens, N.W.6 We Collect and Deliver 'Phone: MAL 3224 ind MAL 9234 HAMpstead 2S02 Phone I SPEedweU 74^3 i HAMpslead 1037 THe WIGMORE LAUNDRY Ltd. FURS PRODUCED IN OUR OWN WORKROOMS CONTINENTAL LAUNDRY SPECIAUSTS * Quality tr Good Workmanship * COATS from £10 Most London Districts Served Alterations and Repairs Continental Furriers ; J. KRELL SHE. 4575 - brings us by radio S THAVER STREET C2nd Floor), LONDON, W.l Writ* or 'pbona tha Managar, 24-hour talaphona sarvica Phone : WELbeck S628 Mr. E. Hearn, 1, STRONSA ROAD, LONDON, W.12 Printed at the Sharon Press. 3] Furnivai Street. London, E.C.4