" Cry, the Beloved Country." Bill of Rights/Human Rights Project
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History 1886
How many bones must you bury before you can call yourself an African? Updated December 2009 A South African Diary: Contested Identity, My Family - Our Story Part D: 1886 - 1909 Compiled by: Dr. Anthony Turton [email protected] Caution in the use and interpretation of these data This document consists of events data presented in chronological order. It is designed to give the reader an insight into the complex drivers at work over time, by showing how many events were occurring simultaneously. It is also designed to guide future research by serious scholars, who would verify all data independently as a matter of sound scholarship and never accept this as being valid in its own right. Read together, they indicate a trend, whereas read in isolation, they become sterile facts devoid of much meaning. Given that they are “facts”, their origin is generally not cited, as a fact belongs to nobody. On occasion where an interpretation is made, then the commentator’s name is cited as appropriate. Where similar information is shown for different dates, it is because some confusion exists on the exact detail of that event, so the reader must use caution when interpreting it, because a “fact” is something over which no alternate interpretation can be given. These events data are considered by the author to be relevant, based on his professional experience as a trained researcher. Own judgement must be used at all times . All users are urged to verify these data independently. The individual selection of data also represents the author’s bias, so the dataset must not be regarded as being complete. -
TV on the Afrikaans Cinematic Film Industry, C.1976-C.1986
Competing Audio-visual Industries: A business history of the influence of SABC- TV on the Afrikaans cinematic film industry, c.1976-c.1986 by Coenraad Johannes Coetzee Thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Art and Sciences (History) in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Stellenbosch University Supervisor: Dr Anton Ehlers December 2017 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za THESIS DECLARATION By submitting this thesis electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. December 2017 Copyright © 2017 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS Historical research frequently requires investigations that have ethical dimensions. Although not to the same extent as in medical experimentation, for example, the social sciences do entail addressing ethical considerations. This research is conducted at the University of Stellenbosch and, as such, must be managed according to the institution’s Framework Policy for the Assurance and Promotion of Ethically Accountable Research at Stellenbosch University. The policy stipulates that all accumulated data must be used for academic purposes exclusively. This study relies on social sources and ensures that the university’s policy on the values and principles of non-maleficence, scientific validity and integrity is followed. All participating oral sources were informed on the objectives of the study, the nature of the interviews (such as the use of a tape recorder) and the relevance of their involvement. -
General Plenary Meeting
United Nations 53rd GENERAL PLENARY MEETING ASSEMBLY Wednesday, 3 November 1976, THIRTY·FIRST SESSION at 11 a.m. Official Records NEW YORK CONTENTS Council was unable to impose an arms embargo on South 4 . Page Africa owing to the triple veto cast in the Council by the Agenda item 52: United States, the United Kingdom and France-a shameful Policies of apartheid of the Government of South Africa episode in the history of these three countries, which (continued): (a) Report of the Special Committee against Apartheid; uphold the principles of international law, human riglits (b) Report of the Secretary-General . 877 and self-determination when regimes within their orbit are ~ .\ not involved but flout the same principles whenever their President: Mr. Hamilton Shirley AMERASINGHE racist allies and regimes maintaining cultural, economic and (Sri Lanka). political relations with them, like South Africa, Rhodesia and Israel, are concerned. 3. The policy of apartheid and racial segregation is not AGENDA ITEM 52 only an affront to mankind and human dignity, but also a violation of all human, moral and cultural values. it is also a Policies of apartheid of the Government of South Africa crime which has no less grave significance or results than (continued): nazism or any other ideology based on racial, religious or (a) Report of the Special Committee against Apartheid; cultural superiority. And if the international community (b) Report of the Secretary-General decided to pass judgement on the criminals of nazism and I to condemn them to death for -
The Psychological Impact of Guerrilla Warfare on the Boer Forces During the Anglo-Boer War
University of Pretoria etd - McLeod AJ (2004) THE PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT OF GUERRILLA WARFARE ON THE BOER FORCES DURING THE ANGLO-BOER WAR by ANDREW JOHN MCLEOD Submitted as partial requirement for the degree DOCTOR PHILOSOPHIAE (HISTORY) in the Faculty of Human Sciences University of Pretoria Pretoria 2004 Supervisor : Prof. F. Pretorius Co-supervisor : Prof. J.B. Schoeman University of Pretoria etd - McLeod AJ (2004) Abstract of: “The psychological impact of guerrilla warfare on the Boer forces during the Anglo- Boer War” The thesis is based on a multi disciplinary study involving both particulars regarding military history and certain psychological theories. In order to be able to discuss the psychological experiences of Boers during the guerrilla phase of the Anglo-Boer War, the first chapters of the thesis strive to provide the required background. Firstly an overview of the initial conventional phase of the war is furnished, followed by a discussion of certain psychological issues relevant to stress and methods of coping with stress. Subsequently, guerrilla warfare as a global concern is examined. A number of important events during the transitional stage, in other words, the period between conventional warfare and total guerrilla warfare, are considered followed by the regional details concerning the Boers’ plans for guerrilla warfare. These details include the ecological features, the socio-economic issues of that time and military information about the regions illustrating the dissimilarity and variety involved. In the chapters that follow the focus is concentrated on the psychological impact of the guerrilla war on the Boers. The wide range of stressors (factors inducing stress) are arranged according to certain topics: stress caused by military situations; stress caused by the loss of infrastructure in the republics; stress caused by environmental factors; stress arising from daily hardships; stress caused by anguish and finally stressors prompted by an individuals disposition. -
Professional Historians and Political Biography of South African Parliamentary Politics, 1910-1990
“THE GOOD, THE BAD AND THE UGLY”: PROFESSIONAL HISTORIANS AND POLITICAL BIOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AFRICAN PARLIAMENTARY POLITICS, 1910-1990 FA Mouton1 Abstract Biography strengthens the historian’s attempts to decipher the behaviour of individuals and also provides a historical window on a certain era, contributing to our knowledge and understanding of the past. Biographical studies of those who were involved in parliamentary politics between 1910 and 1990, the prime ministers, presidents, cabinet ministers, party leaders, humble backbenchers and unsuccessful parliamentary candidates can help to explain why the white minority, after decades of acquiescing the abuse of South Africa’s limited democratic tradition, decided to peacefully surrender its political power. And yet, despite the proven value of political biography in the United States and Britain, the library shelves of South African universities are bare of biographies on pre-1990 parliamentary politicians by professional historians. This article explains the reasons for this dearth of biographies, as well as the reasons why it is essential for professional historians to write them and concludes with a recommendation on how such biographies should be written. 1. INTRODUCTION By deciphering the behaviour of individuals, providing in the process a historical window on societies of the past, the historian as biographer plays a crucial role to convey knowledge and understanding of our history to the reading public. Biographical studies of the lives and careers of parliamentary politicians between 1910 and 1990 are for example essential to comprehend South African history in the twentieth century. And yet, despite the internationally proven value of biography, the library shelves of South African universities are bare of biographies by professional historians on pre-1990 parliamentary history. -
Alan Paton's Unpublished Fiction (1922- 1934): an Initial Appraisal
Alan Paton’s unpublished fiction (1922- 1934): an initial appraisal David Levey Department of English Studies UNISA PRETORIA E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Abstract Alan Paton’s unpublished fiction (1922-1934): an initial appraisal This article considers selected issues in the early fiction of Alan Paton, which is in manuscript form: three novels or parts of novels, namely, “Ship of Truth” (1922-1923), “Brother Death” (1930), “John Henry Dane” (1934b), the novel/novella “Secret for seven” (1934d), and the short stories “Little Barbee”, (1928?) and “Calvin Doone” (1930a). Attention is given to the first novel. A summary of the findings follows: even though Paton’s longer unpublished fiction is religiously earnest and at times rhetorically effective, it is simplistic and tends to perpetuate the white, English-speaking patriarchal hegemony of Natal, rather than offer any sustained critique of it. These works are set against the background of the Natal Midlands in the 1920s and 1930s. The shorter fiction is slightly different in nature. Opsomming Alan Paton se ongepubliseerde fiksie (1922-1934): ’n eerste evaluering Hierdie artikel handel oor geselekteerde onderwerpe in die vroeëre fiksie van Alan Paton, wat nog steeds in manuskripvorm is: drie romans of dele van romans, naamlik, “Ship of Truth” (1922-1923), “Brother Death” (1930a), “John Henry Dane” (1934b), ’n roman of kort roman, “Secret for seven” (1934d), en die kortverhale “Little Barbee” (1928?) en “Calvin Doone” (1930b). Daar word op die eerste roman Literator 28(3) Des/Dec. 2007:1-22 ISSN 0258-2279 1 Alan Paton’s unpublished fiction (1922-1934): an initial appraisel gefokus. -
Conflict Quarterly Ment It Is a Common Error Made in the Developed Democracies to Think That the Third World Is Relatively Homogenous
Conflict Quarterly ment It is a common error made in the developed democracies to think that the Third World is relatively homogenous. In fact (to take two examples from the book), Chile has more in common with Spanish-speaking Europe than it does with Indonesia. The author does fully understand these problems and wrestles with them manfully. Even he is forced to a highly agnostic conclusion as to the conceptual value of the category which (one presumes) he was landed with by bis publisher. It is certainly true that military regimes, where sufficient military unity exists, can impose rule which is effective in the short run even on quite highly developed societies. It is also true that, as Pinkney points out, Right-wing military governments rarely build institutions which outlast them; they are followed either by a transition to a quite different form of govern ment, or by a relapse into chaos. Beyond these conclusions, there is essen tially variety and multiplicity. This reviewer fully shares the agnosticism, but also agrees that the book was worth attempting despite the limited conclusions which can be drawn from so broad a theme. A possible alternative treatment might have consisted of a detailed study of a few specifically counter-mobilizing military regimes such as Franco's Spain, Pinochet's Chile and (possibly) Zia's Paki stan. However this may be, Pinkney fully brings in the reader in his efforts to battle open-mindedly with the evidence. This, in itself, is something from which students can learn. Moreover, even though the theme itself is very broad, Pinkney does have many interesting things to say about his chosen topic. -
Contextual Theology and Its Radicalization of the South African Anti-Apartheid Church Struggle
University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2012 Confrontational Christianity: Contextual Theology and Its Radicalization of the South African Anti-Apartheid Church Struggle Miguel Rodriguez University of Central Florida Part of the History Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Rodriguez, Miguel, "Confrontational Christianity: Contextual Theology and Its Radicalization of the South African Anti-Apartheid Church Struggle" (2012). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 4470. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/4470 CONFRONTATIONAL CHRISTIANITY: CONTEXTUAL THEOLOGY AND ITS RADICALIZATION OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN ANTI-APARTHEID CHURCH STRUGGLE by MIGUEL RODRIGUEZ B.S. University of Central Florida, 1997 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of History in the College of Arts and Humanities at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Spring Term 2012 © 2012 Miguel Rodriguez ii ABSTRACT This paper is intended to analyze the contributions of Contextual Theology and Contextual theologians to dismantling the South African apartheid system. It is intended to demonstrate that the South African churches failed to effectively politicize and radicalize to confront the government until the advent of Contextual Theology in South Africa. Contextual Theology provided the Christian clergy the theological justification to unite with anti-apartheid organizations. -
How Beloved Is Alan Paton's Beloved
HOW BELOVED IS ALAN PATON’S BELOVED COUNTRY? A HISTORICAL APPRAISAL by MORGAINNE SUE DU PLESSIS Submitted as requirement for the degree MAGISTER HEREDITATIS CULTURAEQUE SCIENTIAE (HISTORY) in the Department of Historical and Heritage Studies Faculty of Humanities University of Pretoria Pretoria 2019 Supervisor: Professor Karen L. Harris Table of contents Abbreviations ii List of Tables & Figures iii Abstract iv Acknowledgements v Chapter I: Introduction 1 Research Methodology and Sources 3 Literature Review 6 Organisation of the Study 14 Chapter II: The Man, the Book 16 Introduction 16 Biographical Sketch – History and the Individual 16 The Book 23 Chapter III: America reads, Cry, the Beloved Country 27 Introduction 18 Paton in America 37 1948 (Debut of Cry, the Beloved Country) 40 Chapter IV: Britain reads, Cry, the Beloved Country 56 Introduction 56 1948 (Debut of Cry, the Beloved Country) 67 Chapter V: South Africa reads, Cry, the Beloved Country. 78 Introduction 68 Brief overview of South African literature 89 Cry, the Beloved Country in South Africa 91 Chapter V: Conclusion 99 Chapter VI: Source List 109 i Abbreviations ANC African National Congress APC Alan Paton Centre IWR Industrial Workers of the World NUSAS National Union of South African Students TUC Trade Union Congress UK United Kingdom USA United States of America WASP White Anglo-Saxon Protestant ii List of Figures Figure 1: Advertisement, The New York Times 42 Figure 2: Best Sellers List, The New York Times 45 Figure 3: Advertisement, Boston Herald 47 Figure 4: Johannesburg c. 1910, Working Life 83 Figure 5: Cartoon, The African Drum 98 Figure 6: News Article Title, Financial24 News 99 Figure 7: Political Cartoon, Mail and Guardian 100 iii Abstract This research focuses on Alan Paton’s 1948 novel Cry the Beloved Country. -
The South African War As Humanitarian Crisis
International Review of the Red Cross (2015), 97 (900), 999–1028. The evolution of warfare doi:10.1017/S1816383116000394 The South African War as humanitarian crisis Elizabeth van Heyningen Dr Elizabeth van Heyningen is an Honorary Research Associate in the Department of Historical Studies at the University of Cape Town. Abstract Although the South African War was a colonial war, it aroused great interest abroad as a test of international morality. Both the Boer republics were signatories to the Geneva Convention of 1864, as was Britain, but the resources of these small countries were limited, for their populations were small and, before the discovery of gold in 1884, government revenues were trifling. It was some time before they could put even the most rudimentary organization in place. In Europe, public support from pro-Boers enabled National Red Cross Societies from such countries as the Netherlands, France, Germany, Russia and Belgium to send ambulances and medical aid to the Boers. The British military spurned such aid, but the tide of public opinion and the hospitals that the aid provided laid the foundations for similar voluntary aid in the First World War. Until the fall of Pretoria in June 1900, the war had taken the conventional course of pitched battles and sieges. Although the capitals of both the Boer republics had fallen to the British by June 1900, the Boer leaders decided to continue the conflict. The Boer military system, based on locally recruited, compulsory commando service, was ideally suited to guerrilla warfare, and it was another two years before the Boers finally surrendered. -
Australia's South African War 1899-19021
http://scientiamilitaria.journals.ac.za Australia's South African war 1899-19021 DR CRAIG WILCOX Australian War Memorial historian o/the Anglo-Boer War, Sydney, Australia Around twenty thousand Australians fought in the great war between the British empire and the republics of the Orange Free State and the Transvaal. Those Australians constituted five in every thousand of their people, or three in every two hundred of their male workers. In South Africa they made up just one in every twenty-five soldiers in a British army of almost half a million.2 As these bald figures immediately suggest, Australia's contribution to the war was too small to be decisive, and its experience of the war involved too few of its people to make a powerful impact on its society, let alone wrench its history onto some different course. Still, that contribution and that experience were unprecedented for a people who had never before gone to war as a people, and deserve more attention - and more balanced, dispassionate, critical attention - than they've yet received from historians of the war, of Australia, and of the British empire.3 In this lecture I'll strive for such balance by outlining why and how Australians went to war in South Africa, what their soldiers did there, and the war's legacy for their country and their descendants today. This lecture, presented at the South African Military Academy on 28 September 1999, rests on research toward a new history of Australians and the South African war commissioned by the Australian War Memorial in Canberra and due for publication in May 2002. -
Kent Gij Dat Volk: the Anglo-Boer War and Afrikaner Identity in Postmodern Perspective
Historia 56, 2, November 2011, pp 59–72 Kent gij dat volk: The Anglo-Boer War and Afrikaner identity in postmodern perspective John Boje and Fransjohan Pretorius* Professional historians have proved resistant to the claims of postmodernism, which they see as highly theoretical, rather theatrical and decidedly threatening. As a result, the debate has become polarised, with proponents of postmodernism dismissing traditional historians as “positivist troglodytes”,1 while reconstructionist and constructionist historians speak in “historicidal” terms of deconstructionism.2 To complicate matters, postmodernism is, in the words of one of its critics, “an amorphous concept and a syncretism of different but related theories, theses and claims that have tended to be included under this one heading”,3 variously applied to art, architecture, literature, geography, philosophy and history. Yet a general perspective can be discerned in which modernism with its totalising, system-building and social- engineering focus is rejected in favour of complexity, diversity and relativity. It is held that an epochal shift took place when modernism, which prevailed from about 1850 to about 1950, lost its credibility in our fragmented, flexible, uncertain but exciting contemporary world.4 Whether or not an epochal shift of this nature can be discerned in the world at large, South Africa certainly finds itself in the throes of transition which has swept away old certainties and which challenges historians to find new ways of theorising and practising their craft. This was foreseen by the South African historian F.A. van Jaarsveld when he speculated in 1989 about a plurality of histories that would emerge in South Africa in the future.5 However, he could not move beyond the suggestion of “own” as opposed to “general” history, making use of the then fashionable categories associated with P.W.