DOCSLIB.ORG

San Antonio's Spanish Missions and the Persistence Of

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
San Antonio's Spanish Missions and the Persistence Of SAN ANTONIO’S SPANISH MISSIONS AND THE PERSISTENCE OF MEMORY, 1718-2015 A Dissertation by JOEL DANIEL KITCHENS Submitted to the Office of Graduate and Professional Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Chair of Committee, Carlos Blanton Committee Members, April Hatfield Felipe Hinojosa Glenn Chambers Clint Machann Head of Department, David Vaught December 2016 Major Subject: History Copyright 2016 Joel Daniel Kitchens ABSTRACT This dissertation examines the five extant missions in San Antonio, Texas over the course of nearly three hundred years. While the time period may seem overly ambitious, the geographic territory is highly concentrated, covering just a few miles. San Antonio holds the largest concentration of colonial Spanish architecture in the United States. In July, 2015, the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) granted World Heritage Status to the missions. This distinguished designation includes Mission San Antonio de Valero (the Alamo), Mission Nuestra Señora de la Purísima Concepción, Mission San José y San Miguel de Aguayo, Mission San Juan Capistrano, and Mission San Francisco de la Espada. Because detailed information on the design and construction of the missions has yet to be found, speculation and romantic myths have grown up around the missions. These romantic myths were the basis for Anglo collective memories, particularly after the 1836 Battle of the Alamo. This dissertation examines the origins of the missions as the sources of some of these myths and memories. Advances in both print capitalism and transportation brought San Antonio’s missions to the attention of the traveling public. From the late nineteenth century into the present day these fantasies have been used to market San Antonio to tourists as a romantic and exotic destination. Additionally, other groups besides Anglos have their own collective memories related to the missions. For the local Tejano, Mexican-American, and Native American populations, the missions have served as sacred space, homes, and communities for three ii hundred years. Although the memories of ethnic minorities have been muted for many years, the Anglo veneer in San Antonio is not deep. Scratching the surface quickly reveals a deeper, more complex heritage. Collective memories are often divorced from historical reality, and the myths at the missions exemplify this. Conversely, the myths and memories of the missions also brought national interest and much-needed repairs and restorations, keeping this Spanish legacy relevant for future generations. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A dissertation is a curious thing: one person receives a degree for doing the research and writing the manuscript while others remain anonymous. When this manuscript is accepted and entered into the Texas A&M University repository for digital dissertations, only one name will be listed as author. But in reality, there are many family, friends, and colleagues who have collaborated, encouraged, and contributed to the completion of this work. Their contributions appear as sources, ideas, suggestions, and questions; as well as encouragement, faith, tears, hugs, jokes, laughter, good food and drink, joyous times, quiet times, and distance when I needed the space to think and write. To all of you who have shared this journey with me, I am profoundly grateful. There are a number of people who deserve special mention, and I will start with those who are no longer here (sadly there are too many of you). To Rev. Daniel Z. Kitchens; Dad, I so wanted you to see this goal accomplished, but your untimely passing just as I was beginning my doctoral studies perhaps inspired me even more to see the project through to completion. To Dr. D. Gentry Steele, your friendship and mentoring on things relating to our photographic pursuits, as well as navigating the treacherous waters of academia was timely, insightful, invaluable, and much too short. To Dr. Rosalind Z. “Roz” Rock, historian of the San Antonio Missions National Historic Park; thanks for the package of copies of sources, for the translations you published, and the encouragement you gave me at the Borderlands Interest Group meetings of the Texas State Historical Association. To Mgr. Balthazar Janacek, of the Archdiocese of San iv Antonio; we only met once, while I was photographing at Mission San Juan, but your warm words of encouragement of my stated ambitions was much appreciated at the time, and your enthusiasm for these old missions was definitely infectious. And to Thomas (Felis catus), thanks for showing us how to grow old on one’s own terms. God bless you all! There is an old axiom to the effect that “charity begins at home.” To that end, I thank my colleagues, fellow faculty librarians and talented professional staff, at the Texas A&M University Libraries. Thanks for your patience and for stepping in when classes, research, and writing called me away from my duties. I especially want to thank fellow Humanities Librarian Candace Benefiel for many insights and discussions that have helped me over the years. I also want to thank Mr. Bill Page, whose innate curiosity, determination, and genealogical expertise is a constant help (not just with the dissertation, but as part of my regular “day-job” as well!). Thanks also go to Jenny Reibenspies and Pilar Baskett of the Cushing Memorial Library for the excellent scans of rare materials from the Texas A&M University special collections. I hold as dogma that for historians, libraries are equivalent to laboratories. Therefore, I want to offer a note of thanks to the wonderful professional librarians and staff of the following libraries: the Daughters of the Republic of Texas Library (although its original location on the Alamo premises is now closed but it is a treasure for anyone doing research on Texas history, not just the Alamo), the San Antonio Public Library (especially the Texana Department), Bro. Ed Loch at the Catholic Archives of San v Antonio, the Catholic Archives of Texas (Austin), the DeGolyer Library at Southern Methodist University, the Dolph Briscoe Center for American History at The University of Texas at Austin, the Alexander Architectural Archives at The University of Texas at Austin. Tuition, student fees, and visiting libraries and repositories takes time and (especially) money. For the later I am particularly grateful to the TAMU Libraries’ McLemore grants which have paid most all of my student expenses in terms of tuition and fees. Special thanks go out to the William P. Clements Center for Southwest Studies at Southern Methodist University, and to the James Butler Bonham Chapter of the Daughters of the Republic of Texas. Through the generosity of the Bonham Chapter of the DRT and their funding of travel grants through the Clements Center, I was able to spend two weeks in the DeGolyer Library digging through their rich holdings. The folks at the Clements Center were wonderful to work with and I am grateful for the time there. To the History Department of Texas A&M University, thank you Dr. Walter Buenger and Dr. David Vaught, former chair and current chair of the History Department respectively, for allowing me to pursue my life goal in a not-so-traditional way. Thanks also to each member of my dissertation committee: Dr. April Hatfield, Dr. Felipe Hinojosa, Dr. Glenn Chambers (now at Michigan State University), and Dr. Clint Machann of the TAMU Department of English. Additionally, I need to thank Dr. Anat Geva of the TAMU Department of Architecture as an “unofficial” committee member. A very special word of thanks goes to Dr. Carlos K. Blanton, my dissertation chair, who vi has had to read these chapters multiple times. I also appreciate his openness and willingness to accept a non-traditional doctoral student as a long-term project. I hope this dissertation will be something of which we can both be proud. My family deserves special mention. To my in-laws, Jerry and Glenda Mosley, thank you so much for welcoming me into your family, and not being too hard on me for my Deep South upbringing. Thanks Mom for your unwavering love, support, and faith. I wish you and Andy many more wonderful years together. To my brother John David, thanks for inspiring me to never give up on my dream of earning the Ph.D. And a very special expression of kindness and gratitude goes to my uncle and aunt, Dr. John W. and Lynne B. Kitchens, who understand first-hand the sacrifices in pursuit of a doctorate in History. To my darling wife, Pixey, mere words cannot describe my gratitude for all the sacrifices you made. I did not intend for you to be a “Ph.D. widow” for such a long time. You read much more of this dissertation that either of us intended for you to do. You kept our household stocked with the necessities of life, kept the bills paid, and all the other mundane and mind-numbing chores that modern life demands. You put aside too many vacations, you went on too many conference trips by yourself, and spent too many evenings alone because I was reading for class, or writing, or was out of town on research. I know this will never suffice, but I thank you from the depths of my soul. Maybe now we can get back to evening walks around the neighborhood, bike rides, and being a couple once again. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………………………. .iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………………. ... x CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION: HISTORIOGRAPHY AND THE TEXAS MISSIONS: STILL LIVING IN THE PAST?....................................................... ............ 1 CHAPTER II BUILDING MISSIONS, MYTHS, AND MEMORIES ON THE TEXAS FRONTIER, 1718-1836 ..................................................................................... 43 The Genesis of the Texas Missions ...................................................................... 47 Roles of the Missions ..........................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Lone Star State
    Texas: The Lone Star State By Cynthia A. Malecki "Texas, Our Texas! All hail the mighty State! Texas, Our Texas! So wonderful, so great! Boldest and grandest, withstanding ev'ry test, Empire wide and glorious, you stand supremely blest." 1st stanza of the Texas state song They say that everything is big in Texas–big farms, big ranches, big cities, big money, and even big hair. Texas is the biggest of the 48 contiguous U.S. states, with 267,277 square miles (692,244 square km), which is bigger than the 14 smallest states combined.(1) It is approximately 850 miles (1,370 km) from north to south and from west to east. The biggest ranch in Texas is The King Ranch in Kingsville, which is larger than the state of Rhode Island. The cities of Houston, Dallas, and San Antonio are among the nation's ten largest. The Port of Houston handles more foreign cargo than any other U.S. port. Texas is the second largest producer of electronic components in the U.S. and the nation's second leading exporter. Worldwide television viewers might remember the TV show "Dallas" featuring the Ewing family who lived on the South Fork Ranch in Dallas, Texas. Weekly shows featured the extravagant lifestyle of oil barons and their wives with big hair. (Usually found in the southern United States, big hair is the result of combing the hair and spraying it to produce a hairstyle puffed up two or three times its normal volume and capable of withstanding even the strongest winds.) Former Texas governor Ann Richards even declared an official Texas Big Hair Day in 1993.
    [Show full text]
  • San Antonio, Texas
    Company of Military Historians 68th Annual Meeting 23 –26 March 2017 The Menger Hotel, 204 Alamo Plaza, San Antonio, Texas 10 January 2017 Dear CMH Member, We invite you to attend the 68th annual meeting of the Company of Military Historians in San Antonio, Texas. Come help celebrate the reemergence of the Lone Star Chapter of the Company. • Stay next to the Alamo! Hoist a beer where the Rough Riders were recruited. Attend tours covering all eras of Military History. Bullet point attractive features of meeting Additional highlights include: • A dual track of talks. In most sessions, you can choose the talks that most interest you! A Century of Cadet Uniforms at A&M, Preservation and Conservation, Oklahoma Rough Riders, British Artillery, Mobilizing Texas Guard for WW I, The Battle of the Alamo, A surgeon at the Alamo story, Houston Riots and more. • Our meeting and sleeping rooms are all within The Menger Hotel’s vast ground floor, next to the Alamo and the Riverwalk, La Veita and The Menger Hotel Bar where Rough Riders were recruited; all in downtown San Antonio, Texas. Home of the 1968 World’s Fair, Five Spanish era Missions and more Military Museums than you can visit in a week! • Ample flea market / exhibit space will be available next to all the meetings and lectures. Chairman Robert Driscoll will endeavor to accommodate all displays and anyone wishing to set up flea market tables.. PLEASE NOTE – tables will be available for setup 1100 on Thursday. Take down is Sunday before 1100. • Full registration price $220.00 We are also offering some special deals: • First time attendees: As always, first time attendees get a 10% discount off the full registration rate $200.00 • Any other special deals: Optional tour for Thursday limited to first 50, (waiting list to be drawn up).
    [Show full text]
  • The Architectural Style of Bay Pines VAMC
    The Architectural Style of Bay Pines VAMC Lauren Webb July 2011 The architectural style of the original buildings at Bay Pines VA Medical Center is most often described as “Mediterranean Revival,” “Neo-Baroque,” or—somewhat rarely—“Churrigueresque.” However, with the shortage of similar buildings in the surrounding area and the chronological distance between the facility’s 1933 construction and Baroque’s popularity in the 17th and 18th centuries, it is often wondered how such a style came to be chosen for Bay Pines. This paper is an attempt to first, briefly explain the Baroque and Churrigueresque styles in Spain and Spanish America, second, outline the renewal of Spanish-inspired architecture in North American during the early 20th century, and finally, indicate some of the characteristics in the original buildings which mark Bay Pines as a Spanish Baroque- inspired building. The Spanish Baroque and Churrigueresque The Baroque style can be succinctly defined as “a style of artistic expression prevalent especially in the 17th century that is marked by use of complex forms, bold ornamentation, and the juxtaposition of contrasting elements.” But the beauty of these contrasting elements can be traced over centuries, particularly for the Spanish Baroque, through the evolution of design and the input of various cultures living in and interacting with Spain over that time. Much of the ornamentation of the Spanish Baroque can be traced as far back as the twelfth century, when Moorish and Arabesque design dominated the architectural scene, often referred to as the Mudéjar style. During the time of relative peace between Muslims, Christians, and Jews in Spain— the Convivencia—these Arabic designs were incorporated into synagogues and cathedrals, along with mosques.
    [Show full text]
  • The Spanish Return to Texas Main Ideas Key Terms and People 1
    DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through “File info” CorrectionKey=TX-A Section 3 The Spanish Return to Texas Main Ideas Key Terms and People 1. In response to a perceived threat from the French, the • Francisco Hidalgo Spanish resettled in East Texas in the early 1700s. • Louis Juchereau de 2. The Spanish built several missions, a presidio, and the St. Denis region's first civil settlement near what is now San Antonio. • Domingo Ramón • Antonio Margil de Jesús Why It Matters Today • Martín de Alarcón The Spanish tried to protect their hold on Texas by • El Camino Real barring foreign trade in the region. Use current events sources to learn more about free trade issues or a trade dispute between nations today. TEKS: 1B, 2C, 9A, 21A, 21B, 21C, 22D The Story Continues Father Francisco Hidalgo was a patient but persistent myNotebook man. Since becoming a Franciscan at the age of 15, he Use the annotation had longed to become a missionary, travel, and spread the Bleed Art Guide: tools in your eBook All bleeding art should be extended fullyto to takethe notes on the Catholic faith. After arriving in New Spain, the young priest bleed guide. return of Spanish missionaries and heard many stories about Texas. He became determined to settlers to Texas. go there to teach Texas Indians about Catholicism. Delay after delay prevented Father Hidalgo from reaching them. But he knew that his chance would come. Art and Non-Teaching Text Guide: Folios, annos, standards, non-bleeding art, etc. should Back to East Texas never go beyond this guide on any side, 1p6 to trim.
    [Show full text]
  • Mission Santa Cruz De San Sabá Case Study
    INSTRUCTOR GUIDE Mission Santa Cruz de San Sabá Case Study TIME FRAME 2 class periods SPANISH COLONIZATION “The Destruction of Mission San Sabá in the Province of Texas and the Martyrdom of the Fathers Alonso de Terreros,” Joseph Santiesteban, 1765. SUMMARY Texas has a rich archeological record with deep connections to Spanish missions and presidios. One mission in particular, Santa Cruz de San Sabá, presents an interesting case TEKS (GRADES 4 & 7 study of mid- to late-Spanish colonization attempts and the strategies that archeologists use to investigate that evidence. Using primary and secondary documents, students will TEKS Social Studies: investigate what happened at Mission San Sabá on March 6, 1758, and reflect on current 4th Grade: 1(B), 2(A), archeological discoveries at that site. 2(C), 6(A), 12(A), 21 (A-E), 23(A-B) 7th Grade: 1(B), OBJECTIVE(S): VOCABULARY 2(C), 19(C), 21(A-G), • Analyze primary source documents, 23 (A-B) mission (MISH-uh n): A maps, artifact images, and recorded Spanish Colonial settlement for testimonials to build context around TEKS ELA: Christianizing the Native Americans Mission Santa Cruz de San Sabá and 4th Grade: 10, 11(C), of a region; the settlement included 24(A), 25, 26, 29 the events which led to its demise. a mission church and Indian quarters. 7th Grade: 1(A-D), 5(E), 6(D), 6(G), • Demonstrate their understanding presidio (pruh-SID-ee-oh): 12 (D-H) of the evidence through The Spanish word for fort; the oral presentation. surviving Spanish forts in Texas are TEKS Science: 4th Grade: 2(B), 2(D) still called presidios GUIDING QUESTION 7th Grade: 7th: 2(E) • What were archeologists able to learn excavate (eks-kuh-VAYT): about the events which took place In archeology, to excavate means to at Mission Santa Cruz de San investigate a site through a careful, Sabá by examining primary and scientific digging process.
    [Show full text]
  • Papéis Normativos E Práticas Sociais
    Agnes Ayres (1898-194): Rodolfo Valentino e Agnes Ayres em “The Sheik” (1921) The Donovan Affair (1929) The Affairs of Anatol (1921) The Rubaiyat of a Scotch Highball Broken Hearted (1929) Cappy Ricks (1921) (1918) Bye, Bye, Buddy (1929) Too Much Speed (1921) Their Godson (1918) Into the Night (1928) The Love Special (1921) Sweets of the Sour (1918) The Lady of Victories (1928) Forbidden Fruit (1921) Coals for the Fire (1918) Eve's Love Letters (1927) The Furnace (1920) Their Anniversary Feast (1918) The Son of the Sheik (1926) Held by the Enemy (1920) A Four Cornered Triangle (1918) Morals for Men (1925) Go and Get It (1920) Seeking an Oversoul (1918) The Awful Truth (1925) The Inner Voice (1920) A Little Ouija Work (1918) Her Market Value (1925) A Modern Salome (1920) The Purple Dress (1918) Tomorrow's Love (1925) The Ghost of a Chance (1919) His Wife's Hero (1917) Worldly Goods (1924) Sacred Silence (1919) His Wife Got All the Credit (1917) The Story Without a Name (1924) The Gamblers (1919) He Had to Camouflage (1917) Detained (1924) In Honor's Web (1919) Paging Page Two (1917) The Guilty One (1924) The Buried Treasure (1919) A Family Flivver (1917) Bluff (1924) The Guardian of the Accolade (1919) The Renaissance at Charleroi (1917) When a Girl Loves (1924) A Stitch in Time (1919) The Bottom of the Well (1917) Don't Call It Love (1923) Shocks of Doom (1919) The Furnished Room (1917) The Ten Commandments (1923) The Girl Problem (1919) The Defeat of the City (1917) The Marriage Maker (1923) Transients in Arcadia (1918) Richard the Brazen (1917) Racing Hearts (1923) A Bird of Bagdad (1918) The Dazzling Miss Davison (1917) The Heart Raider (1923) Springtime à la Carte (1918) The Mirror (1917) A Daughter of Luxury (1922) Mammon and the Archer (1918) Hedda Gabler (1917) Clarence (1922) One Thousand Dollars (1918) The Debt (1917) Borderland (1922) The Girl and the Graft (1918) Mrs.
    [Show full text]
  • The Development of Free Public Schools in Texas. 41P
    DOCUMOIT RESUME 4D 126 615 BA 008 558 AUTHOR Holleman, I. Thomas, Jr. TITLE The Development of Free Public Schools inTexas. PUB DATE [13] NOTE 41p.; Not available in hard copy due to marginal legibility of original document EDRS PRICE NF-S0.83 Plus Postage. BC Not Available fromEDRS. DESCRIPTORS *Educational Finance; *Educational History; Elementary Secondary Education; Historical Reviews; Property Taxes; *Public Education; public School Systems; School Funds; State Aid; State Boards of Education; *State Government; *State Legislation; State School District Relationship , IDENTIFIERS *Texas ABSTRACT This paper summarizes the historical foundationsfor the financing and maintenance of Texas'present day school system. This review traces the'history ofTexas public education from the seventeenth century through 1949 when threemajor s9fOol reorganization laws were enacted by thestate legiilature.'The earliest schools in Texaswere associated with the Spanish missions and were-intended to educate (and control)'the Indians. Education suffered under the Mexican regime, which failedto provide fonds for schools. The Republic of Texas setup a public school system based on: land grants to counties. This funding approachwas later employed when Texas entered the Union, and continued untilthe Civil War brought havoc to public education. However, afterReconstruction, the ( 1875 state constitution provided fora perpetual school fund based on property and poll taxes as wellas for a state board of education. Independent school districts emerged. Finally in1949, the state legislature mandated that 12years of schooling for all children are mandatory and gave the state board of educationHmorepdwer. (DS) *******41414141************************41414141**4141414141***444141*****************- Documents Acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished * * materials not available from othersources.
    [Show full text]
  • La Voz January 2017 .Pmd
    Volume 12 Number 1 A Bi-Cultural Publication Janaury, 2017 La Voz Free/Gratis Gina Hinojosa Texas State Representative, D-49 Page 2 La Voz Newspapers - January, 2017 People in the News John Morán Brad Urrutia Sworn González Promoted In As Judge of the to Full Professor at Morales Sworn In As Victoria DeFrancesco Serapio Herrera 450th Court UT Austin Constable of Soto Leads Off New Inducted Into Tejano Brad Urrutia was sworn in as the new judge of the 450th District Court on John Morán González was recently Precinct 4 Radio Program Roots Hall of Fame January 3rd, 2017. This is the newest promoted to Full Professor at The George Morales III was sworn in as The Greater Austin Hispanic Serapio Herrera, legendary musico court created by the Texas Legisla- University of Texas at Austin. He the new Constable of Precinct 4 in Chamber of Commerce, launched its from the 1960s when he fronted for ture. works in Department of English and Travis County on January 1st, 2017. inaugural show, AMÉRICA HOY on Los Sonics, was inducted into the also serves as the Director of the Cen- Born and raised in Austin, Texas, Mo- Newsradio KLBJ 590AM on January Tejano Roots Hall of Fame on Janu- Urrutia states that it was his mother ter for Mexican American Studies. rales grew up in the Dove Springs 8th, 2017. The program is also streamed ary 7th, 2017 in Alice, Texas. who drove home the need for an edu- neighborhood and graduated from at newsradioklbj.com. cation. After graduating high school in Professor González attended Johnston High School and attended At the age of 12, in 1963, Herrera 1987, he joined the Army to pay for Princeton University, graduating ma- Austin Community College and Mark Madrid, President and CEO learned to play to organ and joined a college.
    [Show full text]
  • Stumpf (Ella Ketcham Daggett) Papers, 1866, 1914-1992
    Texas A&M University-San Antonio Digital Commons @ Texas A&M University-San Antonio Finding Aids: Guides to the Collection Archives & Special Collections 2020 Stumpf (Ella Ketcham Daggett) Papers, 1866, 1914-1992 DRT Collection at Texas A&M University-San Antonio Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.tamusa.edu/findingaids Recommended Citation DRT Collection at Texas A&M University-San Antonio, "Stumpf (Ella Ketcham Daggett) Papers, 1866, 1914-1992" (2020). Finding Aids: Guides to the Collection. 160. https://digitalcommons.tamusa.edu/findingaids/160 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Archives & Special Collections at Digital Commons @ Texas A&M University-San Antonio. It has been accepted for inclusion in Finding Aids: Guides to the Collection by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Texas A&M University-San Antonio. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Ella Ketcham Daggett Stumpf Papers, 1866, 1914-1992 Descriptive Summary Creator: Stumpf, Ella Ketcham Daggett (1903-1993) Title: Ella Ketcham Daggett Stumpf Papers, 1866-1914-1992 Dates: 1866, 1914-1992 Creator Ella Ketcham Daggett was an active historic preservationist and writer Abstract: of various subjects, mainly Texas history and culture. Content Consisting primarily of short manuscripts and the source material Abstract: gathered in their production, the Ella Ketcham Daggett Stumpf Papers include information on a range of topics associated with Texas history and culture. Identification: Col 6744 Extent: 16 document and photograph boxes, 1 artifacts box, 2 oversize boxes, 1 oversize folder Language: Materials are in English Repository: DRT Collection at Texas A&M University-San Antonio Biographical Note A fifth-generation Texan, Ella Ketcham Daggett was born on October 11, 1903 at her grandmother’s home in Palestine, Texas to Fred D.
    [Show full text]
  • Mexican American History Resources at the Briscoe Center for American History: a Bibliography
    Mexican American History Resources at the Briscoe Center for American History: A Bibliography The Briscoe Center for American History at the University of Texas at Austin offers a wide variety of material for the study of Mexican American life, history, and culture in Texas. As with all ethnic groups, the study of Mexican Americans in Texas can be approached from many perspectives through the use of books, photographs, music, dissertations and theses, newspapers, the personal papers of individuals, and business and governmental records. This bibliography will familiarize researchers with many of the resources relating to Mexican Americans in Texas available at the Center for American History. For complete coverage in this area, the researcher should also consult the holdings of the Benson Latin American Collection, adjacent to the Center for American History. Compiled by John Wheat, 2001 Updated: 2010 2 Contents: General Works: p. 3 Spanish and Mexican Eras: p. 11 Republic and State of Texas (19th century): p. 32 Texas since 1900: p. 38 Biography / Autobiography: p. 47 Community and Regional History: p. 56 The Border: p. 71 Education: p. 83 Business, Professions, and Labor: p. 91 Politics, Suffrage, and Civil Rights: p. 112 Race Relations and Cultural Identity: p. 124 Immigration and Illegal Aliens: p. 133 Women’s History: p. 138 Folklore and Religion: p. 148 Juvenile Literature: p. 160 Music, Art, and Literature: p. 162 Language: p. 176 Spanish-language Newspapers: p. 180 Archives and Manuscripts: p. 182 Music and Sound Archives: p. 188 Photographic Archives: p. 190 Prints and Photographs Collection (PPC): p. 190 Indexes: p.
    [Show full text]
  • Artistic Geography and the Northern Jesuit Missions of New Spain
    Artistic Geography and the Northern Jesuit Missions of New Spain By Clara Bargellini Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México [email protected] (working paper, not be reproduced without the author’s permission) George Kubler´s seminal thoughts on artistic geography came out of his involvement with the art and architecture of the Hispanic New World. This paper examines a group of 17th and 18th century Jesuit missions in northern Mexico in order to expand our understanding of New World artistic geography, and also to explore the history of some geographic notions and their place in art historical discussions. Whereas Kubler was concerned with the transmission of styles, my interest here will be the movement of specific objects and individuals within a particular historical configuration. This will involve, of course, considerations about patronage and institutions, with some references to iconography, all of which ultimately has implications for the transmission of styles, as Kubler would no doubt have recognized. The missions in question were established in the first half of the 17th century by the Jesuits in the northern Tepehuan and Southeastern Tarahumara region, and were held by the Society until its 1767 expulsion from New Spain. From their arrival in 1572 the Jesuits focused on ministry among the native population of New Spain. Almost at once they began missionary activity among the indigenous populations in places near Mexico City. By 1580 they were established at Tepotzotlán learning native languages. In 1589 the Jesuits were among the legendary chichimecas at San Luis de la Paz, and two years later they were in Sinaloa, where they established an extraordinary system of missions about which we now have only documents and very sparse remains.
    [Show full text]
  • Restorative Justice
    "I have come to heal..." Restorative Justice This is the fourth in a series of six pastoral statements by Catholic Bishops of the South on the Criminal Justice process and a gospel response. "We are guided by the paradoxical Catholic teaching on crime and punishment: We will not tolerate the crime and violence that threatens the lives and dignity of our sisters and brothers, and we will not give up on those who have lost their way. We seek both justice and mercy. Working together, we believe our faith calls us to protect public safety, promote the common good, and restore community. We believe a Catholic ethic of responsibility, rehabilitation, and restoration can become the foundation for the necessary reform of our broken criminal justice system." U.S. Catholic Bishops statement, "Responsibility, Rehabilitation, and Restoration: A Catholic Perspective on Crime and Criminal Justice," November 2000. As pastoral leaders of the Roman Catholic community, we would like to continue to reflect with you on the themes of responsibility, rehabilitation and restoration in light of the reality of crime and criminal justice in our area of the country. Prisons, like wars, are public admissions of defeat for humanity. Whenever possible, alternatives for incarceration must be searched for and implemented. Such an alternative is the approach of restorative justice.1 All of us have a right to public safety and protection from violence. The criminal justice system was created when public safety was threatened, when violence occurred. Our current criminal justice system is based on retribution - those who cause suffering by committing crime are to be punished by the government for what they have done wrong.2 However, many people, including many victims of crime, think the current system is not working.
    [Show full text]