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Peace Operations Annual Compilation 2016 Global Peace Operations Review Annual Compilation 2016 Global Peace Operations Review EDITORIAL TEAM EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Jim Della-Giacoma EDITORIAL ADVISORS Alexandra Novosseloff, Alexis Guidotti DATA SPECIALIST Ryan Rappa RESEARCH ASSISTANTS Lesley Connolly, Soomin Lee WEBMASTER & LAYOUT ARTIST Antonie Evans COPY EDITOR Stephen Laifer ILLUSTRATOR Sam Minick DISCLAIMER The Center on International Cooperation is solely responsible for the content of this website. Any errors of fact or analysis, and any and all judgments and interpretations about missions and operations discussed herein, are those of CIC alone. COPYRIGHT AND LISCENSES Except where otherwise noted, content in this publicatin is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license ATTRIBUTION-NONCOMMERCIAL-NODERIVS CC BY-NC-ND ATTRIBUTION You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. NONCOMMERCIAL You may not use the material for commercial purposes. NO DERIVATIVES If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material. Published in the United States of America in 2017 by the Center on International Cooperation 726 Broadway - Suite 543 New York, New York 10003 http://cic.nyu.edu http://peaceoperationsreview.org/ ©2017 Center on International Cooperation ISBN-13: 978-1-5424-6135-1 ISBN-10: 1542461359 Global Peace Operations Review GLOBAL PEACE OPERATIONS REVIEW The Global Peace Operations Review (http://peaceoperationsreview.org) is an interactive web-portal presenting in-depth analysis and detailed data on military peacekeeping operations and civilian-led political missions by the United Nations, regional organizations, and ad-hoc coalitions. The web-portal is a product of the New York University Center on International Cooperation (CIC) and a continuation of its long-standing print publications the Annual Review of Global Peace Operations and the Review of Political Missions. Providing the most comprehensive overview of multilateral contributions to peacekeeping, conflict prevention, and post-conflict peacebuilding, the Review aims to initiate and inform discussions on the comparative advantages and appropriateness of different missions, and through constructive analysis to further strengthen existing partnerships necessary for them to succeed. Through the Country & Regional Profile pages, the Review provides background information and regularly updated key developments on peace operations and the contexts in which they operate. The analysis is further enhanced by the provision of detailed data on each of the UN’s peace operations, and headline data on missions fielded by regional organizations and ad hoc missions, which can be accessed in full through the Data & Trends section. Data on non-UN peace operations was compiled by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). For more details, please see our Data guide. The Strategic Summary provides an overview of main developments in mission settings over the past year and presents analysis on trends and the impact these may have on shaping peace operations of the future. Thematic essays presented in the In Focus section unpack issues critical to peace operations, providing analysis and guidance on possible approaches. The Library section enables readers to download full text .pdf files of past editions of the Annual Review of Global Peace Operations (2006-2012) and the Review of Political Missions (2010-2012). For those interested in conducting their own analysis using the data generated for these publications, we have provided spreadsheets of all the statistics used to compile these reports. Scope of the Global Peace Operations Review The Review covers more than one hundred multilateral peace operations active in the previous year including missions fielded by the UN, AU, EU, ECOWAS, OSCE, OAS and coalitions. It uses a broad definition of peace operations that includes multilateral and ad hoc military and police missions, as well as civilian led political missions. Neither type of mission has a simple definition. Alongside more straightforward peacekeeping missions, the Review, mindful of the need for peace operations to adjust to the changing nature of conflict, also includes peace enforcement operations that employ the use of force and engage in active combat. Under political missions, we include multilateral civilian-led missions that have political engagement in the form of launching and supporting political processes at their core. This includes, for example, the EU’s Special Representatives and the African Union Liaison Offices that support the implementation of peace agreements and accompany political processes. We have excluded missions, such as EU delegations and other liaison offices that may engage in political activities, but as their core function serve more as regular diplomatic or developmental presences. Along the same reasoning, we have also excluded election observer and human rights monitoring missions. Disclaimer The Center on International Cooperation is solely responsible for the content of this publication. Any errors of fact or analysis, and any and all judgments and interpretations about missions and operations discussed herein, are those of CIC alone. ABBREVIATIONS ASG Assistant Secretary-General CRG Congo Research Group DFS Department for Field Support DPA Department of Political Affairs DPKO Department of Peacekeeping Operations DSG Deputy Secretary-General GPOR Global Peace Operations Review HIPPO High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations MONUSCO United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo PBC Peacebuilding Commission PBF Peacebuilding Fund PBSO Peacebuilding Support Office POC Protection of Civilians PVE Preventing Violent Extremism SPMs Special Political Missions SG Secretary-General UN United Nations USG Under-Secretary-General UNAMID African Union - United Nations Mission in Darfur UNAMSIL United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone UNMISS United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan UNSC United Nations Security Council TABLE OF CONTENTS Editor’s Preface 18 Jim Della-Giacoma Strategic Summary 20 UN Peace Operations by the Numbers 21 Jim Della-Giacoma and Ryan Rappa Better Peackeeping 38 Has UN Peacekeeping Become More Deadly? 39 Marina E. Henke Challenges for Human Rights Sections of UN Peace Operations 42 Alexis Guidotti No Caveats, Please?: Breaking a Myth in UN Peace Operations 46 Alexandra Novosseloff The Challenges of Full Deployment on UN Peace Operations 52 Ryan Rappa The Solomon Islands and the Role of Think Tanks 57 Elsina Wainwright Emily Paddon Rhoads: “Taking Sides”: The Challenges of Impartiality in UN Peackeeping Operations 60 Alexandra Novosseloff and Jason Stearns When Should Blue Helmets Walk Away From a Conflict? 67 Richard Gowan Demystifying Intelligence in UN Peace Operations: Toward an Organizational Doctrine 75 Olga Abilova and Alexandra Novosseloff Protection of Civilians Needs to be Understood as a Collaborative Strategy and not a Campsite 78 Hannah Dönges La professionnalisation du mantien de la paix des nations unies ou le travail de sisyphe 89 Alexandra Novosseloff Syed Akbaruddin: UN Peacekeeping is about Politics, not Troop Numbers 95 Jim Della-Giacoma and Alexandra Novosseloff Making UN peacekeeping Fit for Purpose: A Shared Responsibility 102 Bert Koenders Understanding Protection of Civilians as a Core Obligation 104 Jim Dell-Giacoma and Alexandra Novosseloff U.N. Peace Operations Need Less Jargon and More Direction 109 Jim Della-Giacoma Between Bureaucracy and Adhocracy: Crafting a Spectrum of UN Peace Operations 113 Ian Johnstone Hurry Up and Wait: EU Battlegroups and a UN Rapid Reaction Force 123 Yf Reykers Protection of Civilians Strategy: A Greater Role for the Council 128 Ralph Mamiya Conflict Prevention 134 South China Sea and World Disorder 135 WPS Sidhu Prevention at the UN 137 Gustavo de Carvalho and Adriana Erthal Abdenur Creating a “Responsibility to Prevent” at the UN 140 Kristoffer Tarp The Tunisia Conundrum: Sowing Dictatorship, Harvesting Terrorism 145 Hanny Megally The South China Sea and the Limits of UN Conflict Prevention 153 Jim Della-Giacoma U.N. Security Council Should Make Better Use of “Road-Trip Diplomacy” 156 Jim Della-Giacoma Putting Prevention Back in the U.N.’s Vocabulary 159 Jim Della-Giacoma The UN Has a Plan to Restore International Peace and Security – Will it Work? 162 Robert Muggah Rwanda Should Have Been a Wake-Up Call. Why do the Crises Continue? 166 Sarah Cliffe and Hanny Megally Preventing Violent Extremism by Protecting Rights and Addressing Root Causes 169 Hanny Megally Women, Peace & Security 176 Fixing UN Peacekeeping Operations: The World’s Most Complicated Army 177 Barbara Crossette Here’s how to End UN Peacekeeping’s History of Sexual Violence 183 Jeni Whalan Louise Olsson: We Need to Push for a More Gender-Equal Peace 187 Lesley Connolly Women in Peace Operations: The Unsung Champions of Human Rights 191 Liezelle Kumalo and Riana Paneras Is the UN Really Moving Toward Gender Equality? 194 Ourania S. Yancopoulos African Peace Operations 202 Towards a Continental Strategy for Countering Violent Extremism in Africa 203 Tarek A. Sharif and Joanne Richards Is MONUSCO Doing A Good Job at Protecting Civilians? 209 Jason Stearns Sustaining Peace Requires Urgent Climate Action 213 Jonathan Rozen El Ghassim Wane:
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