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Republic of Rome and Early Empire

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Republic of Rome and Early Empire Republic of Rome and Early Empire 509 BCE – 27 BCE Model of the city of Rome during the early fourth century CE. Museo della Civiltà Romana. 1) Temple of Portunus,, 2) Circus Maximus. 3) Palatine Hill, 4) Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, 5) Pantheon, 6) Column of Trajan, 7) Forum of Trajan, 8) Markets of Trajan, 9) Forum of Julius Ceasar, 10) Forum of Augustus, 11) Forum Romanum, 12) Basilica Nova, 13) Arch of Titus, 14) Temple of Venus and Roma, 15) Arch of Constantine, 16) Colossus of Nero, 17) Colosseum. 2 Temple of Portunus (Temple of “Fortuna Virilis”), Rome, Italy, ca. 75 BCE. 3 Temple of Vesta (?), Tivoli, Italy, early first century BCE. 5 Temple of Vesta in Tivoli Restored view of the Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia, Palestrina, Italy, late second century BCE (John Burge). Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia at Palestrina Roman concrete construction. (a) barrel vault, (b) groin vault, (c) fenestrated sequence of groin vaults, (d) hemispherical dome with oculus (John Burge). Imperial Rome Portrait of Augustus as general, from Primaporta, copy of bronze original, ca. 20 BCE Remember This? Supposedly, Aeneas left Troy and established a settlement in Italy (at Alba Longa). He is often credited as the founder of Rome. He is also supposedly the son of Venus. The cute little boy is also supposed to remind you of Cupid and thus Venus. Gemma Augustea, early 1st C. CE Augustus (probably) being crowned by Oikoumene – the personification of the inhabited world. Ara Pacis (Altar of Peace) Aeneas Sacrificing Details of the Panathenaic Festival procession frieze, from the Parthenon, Acropolis, Athens, Greece, ca. 447–438 BCE. Marble, 3’ 6” high. Horsemen of north frieze (top), British Museum, London; seated gods and goddesses (Poseidon, Apollo, and Artemis) of east frieze (center), Acropolis Museum, Athens; and elders and maidens of east frieze (bottom), Louvre, Paris. Procession of the imperial family, detail of the south frieze of the Ara Pacis Augustae, Rome, Italy, 13–9 BCE. Marble, 5’ 3” high. AP Question: In whose honor was this monument erected? How do the style and content reflect the culture’s social and political values? Pont du Gard Aqueduct Pont-du-Gard, Nîmes, France, ca. 16 BCE. 40 Porta Maggiore, Rome, Italy, ca. 50 CE. Maison Carrée, Nîmes, France, ca. 1–10 CE. Maison Carre – Nimes France • Emperor Nero • Built Domus Aurea after large fire in Rome • Last emperor of the Julio-Claudian line Domus Aurea SEVERUS and CELER, section (left) and plan (right) of the octagonal hall of the Domus Aurea (Golden House) of Nero, Rome, Italy, 64–68 CE. 50 Vespasian: Founder of Flavian dynasty • General under Claudius and Nero • Began construction of Flavian Amphitheater (COLOSSEUM) Flavian Amphitheater & Colossus of Nero Theater at Epidauros (Greek) • Used for plays on special holidays Aerial view of the Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheater), Rome, Italy, ca. 70–80 CE. 54 The Colosseum Column Orders Groin Vaulting Roman engineers took the basic round arch and developed a range of structural systems from it. These structural systems all allowed for larger, stronger structures able to carry far more mass than earlier structures based on the post and lintel system. -barrel vault - barrel vaults are essentially extended arches -groin vaults are barrel vaults that intersect at a right angle - groin vaults used in series and supported by buttresses allow for immense interior spaces Colosseum Subterranean Gladiators Arch of Titus, Rome, Italy, after 81 CE. 74 Arch of Titus Spoils of Jerusalem, relief panel from the Arch of Titus, Rome, Italy, after 81 CE. Marble, 7’ 10” high. Opposite side of Arch of Titus Triumph of Titus, relief panel from the Arch of Titus, Rome, Italy, after 81 CE. Marble, 7’ 10” high. .
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    Italy - Rome Group 3 (S to Z) Sant'Andrea della Valle #2187 1650 Sant'Andrea della Valle #2189 1650 Sant'Andrea della Valle #2195 1650 Santo Spirito #3486 12th-13th c Spanish Steps #3514 1725 Spanish Steps #3517 1725 Spanish Steps #4303 1725 St Ignatius Church #2230 1626-1650 Italy - Rome Group 3 (S to Z) St Ignatius Church #2233 1626-1650 St Ignatius Church #2234 1626-1650 St Louis of the French #6550 1510-1589 St Louis of the French #6607 1510-1589 St Louis of the French #6613 1510-1589 St Louis of the French #6622 1510-1589 St Pantaleo and St Joseph Church #4801 St Pantaleo and St Joseph Church #4803 Italy - Rome Group 3 (S to Z) St Peter's Easter Sunday #4991 1506 St Peter's Easter Sunday #5002 Obelisk 37 BC Egypt St Peter's Easter Sunday #5003 St Peter's Easter Sunday #5007 March 31, 2013 St Peter's Easter Sunday #5013 March 31, 2013 St Peter's Easter Sunday #5018 St Peter's Easter Sunday #5019 St Peter's Easter Sunday #5020 March 31, 2013 Italy - Rome Group 3 (S to Z) St Peter's Easter Sunday #5024 March 31, 2013 St Peter's Easter Sunday #5027 March 31, 2013 St Peter's Easter Sunday #5032 March 31, 2013 St Peter's Easter Sunday #5034 March 31, 2013 St Peter's Easter Sunday #5037 March 31, 2013 St Peter's Easter Sunday #5056 March 31, 2013 St Peter's Easter Sunday #5079 Pope Francis St Peter's Easter Sunday #5079a 2013 March Pope Francis Italy - Rome Group 3 (S to Z) St Peter's Easter Sunday #5093 March 31, 2013 St Peter's Easter Sunday #5106 March 31, 2013 St Peter's Easter Sunday #5111 March 31, 2013 Sts Claudio and Andrea of Borgognoni
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