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Hysterangium (Hysterangiales, Hysterangiaceae) from Northern Mexico

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Hysterangium (Hysterangiales, Hysterangiaceae) from Northern Mexico Hysterangium (Hysterangiales, Hysterangiaceae) from northern Mexico Gonzalo Guevara Guerrero 1, Michael A. Castellano 2, Jesús García Jiménez 1, Efrén Cázares González 3, James M. Trappe 3 1 Instituto Tecnológico de Cd. Victoria, Av. Portes Gil 1301 Pte. C.P. 87010, A.P. 175 Cd. Victoria, Tamps. México. 2 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, 3 Oregon 97331 USA. Dept. Forest Science, Richardson Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331 USA 8 0 0 2 Hysterangium (Hysterangiales, Hysterangiaceae) del norte de México , 0 0 1 - Resumen. Tres nuevas especies de Hysterangium (H. quercicola, H. latisporum, and H. 5 9 velatisporum) son descritas para el norte de México. Además, una especie previamente : 8 2 descrita de Hysterangium (H. aureum) es registrada por primera vez para México. A Í Palabras clave: Quercus, hipogeos, pseudotrufas, falsas trufas, ectomicorriza. G O L O C Abstract. Three new species of Hysterangium (H. quercicola, H. latisporum, and H. I M velatisporum) are described from northern Mexico. In addition, one previously described E D Hysterangium species (H. aureum) is recorded for the first time from Mexico. A Key words: Quercus, hypogeous, pseudotruffle, sequestrate, ectomycorrhiza. N A C I X Recibido 20 de agosto 2008; aceptado 14 de diciembre 2008. E M Received 20 August 2008; accepted 14 December 2008. A T S I V E R Introduction In Mexico, only one Hysterangium species has been / reported H. separabile Zeller from the states of Mexico and o c i The genus Hysterangium Vittadini can be recognized by its Tamaulipas (Trappe and Guzmán, 1971; García et al., 2005). x é M sequestrate habit, olive-green, gelatinous gleba, and ellipsoid, Many other species from various sequestrate genera such as n e a s hyaline spores that usually have a loose or closely appressed, Elaphomyces, Gautieria, Genea, Geopora, Glomus, e r p m wrinkled utricle. Many Hysterangium species serve Hydnangium, Hydnobolites, Hymenogaster, Leucogaster, I . a í g important roles in the equilibrium of forest ecosystems as Macowanites, Melanogaster, Octavianina, Pachyphloeus, o l o c mycorrhizal symbionts and as part of the diet (mycophagy) of Radiigera, Rhizopogon and Tuber have been reported for the i M e d small mammals, marsupials and insects (Hosaka et al.. 2006) states of Nuevo Leon, Coahuila, Durango and Tamaulipas a n a c Hysterangium has been traditionally placed into the Phallales (Cázares et al., 1992; Guzmán 1971; Guzmán 1988; Trappe i x e M E. Fischer (Zeller and Dodge 1929). However, recent and Guzmán 1971; Hosford and Trappe 1980; Trappe et al., a t s i v molecular phylogenetics studies have shown that 1979). Recently, we examined Hysterangium collections e R 8 Hysterangium belongs to a new independent order, from northern Mexico deposited at Oregon State University 0 0 2 Hysterangiales Hosaka & Castellano alongside the Phallales, herbarium (OSC) and found three undescribed species and © Gomphales Jülich and the Geastrales Hosaka & Castellano in one Hysterangium species previously reported from the the subclass Phallomycetidae Hosaka, Castellano & western United States. This paper is a contribution to the Spatafora (Hosaka et al., 2006). knowledge of the sequestrate mycoflora of North America. L Autor para correspondencia: Gonzalo Guevara [email protected] A N I G I R O hyphae 1–3 µm in diam in a gelatinized matrix, clamp Hysterangium latisporum sp. nov. Castellano, Cázares & 40 x 8-10 µm. L A N Materials and methods I connections absent. Basidia hyaline, cylindrical, 12–15 x ±4 Guevara Spores minutely verrucose, (15-) 18-22 (-25) x 7-9 G I R µm, 4- or 6-spored. Figures 3, 4 µm, fusiform; apex papillate and somewhat thickened, base O Methods of collection and macroscopic and microscopic Spores smooth, 11–12.5 (–15) x 4–5 µm, ellipsoid; distinctly pedicellate or occasionally claw-shaped in cross- study were generally those of Castellano et al. (1989). Colors apex acuminate, base sometimes slightly pedicellate; spore Peridium 200-250 µm crassum, facile secedens, album, ubi section, up to 2 µm long; wall 1-2 µm thick; utricle distinct, of fresh fruiting bodies were in general terms by the authors. wall less than 0.5 µm thick; utricle closely appressed, slightly contusum brunneolescens, stratis duobus: epicutis 190-240 loose, wrinkled, usually about 1 µm thick but occasionally up Dried specimens were hand cut and mounted in 5% KOH for wrinkled, mostly on young spores; in KOH hyaline singly, µm crassa, pseudoparenchymatica cellulis (5-) 10-15 (-50) to 2 µm thick; in KOH pale olive singly, dark olive in mass. microscopic observation. Fungal collections are deposited at pale green in mass. µm latis, fibulae absens; subcutis 15-30 µm crassa, hyphis Etymology: referring to the width of the spores. ITCV (Instituto Tecnologico de Cd. Victoria, Mexico) or OSC Etymology: referring to the golden yellow to brown intertextis, fibulatis. Gleba atroolivacea, columella plus Habit, habitat and season: Hypogeous, associated (Oregon State University) herbarium. Digitized color of the dried sporocarp. menusve truncata. Sporae verruculosae, (15-) 18-22 x 7-9 with Quercus canbyii, Q. rysophylla, and other Quercus spp. photomicrographs of macro and microscopic characters are Habit, habitat and season: Hypogeous, under Pinus µm, fusiformes, utriculo distincto, incohaerenti, ruguso, in mixed forests; March, October, and November. o c i x on file at the Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Corvallis, teocote and P. rudis; May, June, October and November. plerumque circa 1 µm crasso. Collections examined: Mexico, Michoacan, é M n Oregon. Collections examined: Oregon: Linn Co., Trout Holotypus hic designatus: Mexico, Nuevo Leon, Hidalgo, Los Azufres, 11 Oct. 1988, M. Amaranthus, Trappe r e h t Creek Recreational Area, 21 May1936, S. Zeller 8480, Santiago, Cercado, 22 Oct. 1988, Cázares-Trappe 11014 11006, 11011 (both OSC); Tamaulipas, torre de la microondas r o n Hysterangium aureum Zeller, Mycologia 33:201–202. 1941. (Holotype OSC). Mexico: Coahuila, Arteaga, La Siberia, (ITCV, isotype OSC). Las Mulas, 11 Nov. 2006, Guevara 894 (ITCV, OSC); m o r f Figures 1, 2 camino al puerto de los gringos, 24 June 1984, García 4042 Basidiomata up to 15 mm in diam, globose to Tamaulipas, El Madroño, along road from Victoria to Tula, 20 ) e a = Hysterangium stoloniferum var. brevisporum Zeller, (OSC); Agua Blanca, 27 August 1983, Cázares 71 (OSC); subglobose, white when fresh, bruising pale brown, pale Oct. 1988, R. Young, Trappe 11009 (OSC); Nuevo León, e c a i Mycologia 39:288. 1947. Nuevo León, Santiago, Camotera, 26 May 1984, García 3822 brown when dried. Gleba dark green-olive, locules small, Santiago, El Salto, 20 Aug. 1983, García 3023 (OSC); USA: g n a r = Hysterangium affine var. oreades Zeller, Mycologia (OSC); Zaragoza, La Encantada, 18 October 1985, Cázares empty. Rhizomorph single, distinct, white when fresh, pale Arizona, Graham Co., Coronado National Forest, Noon e t s y 31:18–19. 1939. 137 (OSC); Tamaulipas, Miquihuana, 11 Nov. 2006, Guevara brown when dried. Columella poorly developed, more or less Creek campground, 14 March 1995, J. States, AHF684 H , s e Dried basidiomata 1–4 cm in diam, globose, subglobose or 887 (ITCV, OSC). truncate, penetrating less than half way into the gleba, gray- (OSC); Arizona, Apache Co., Chiricahua Mountains, 17 l a i g irregularly lobed, white when fresh, slowly bruising pale red- Discussion: Hysterangium aureum is characterized translucent. Odor not recorded. Taste not recorded. March 1992, States, AHF564 (OSC). n a r 8 e brown, golden brown to dark golden brown when dried, by the combination of its single peridial layer of parenchyma- Peridium readily separable, turning red-brown when Discussion: The long, wide spores (15-) 18-22 (-25) t 0 s y 0 H 2 surface more or less glabrous, without adherent soil particles, like cells, small spores without a distinct utricle. cut in cross-section, 200-250 µm thick, two-layered; overlain x 7-9 µm of Hysterangium latisporum easily distinguish it ( , m 8 u 2 KOH on peridium nonreactive or pale olive-yellow, FeSO4 Hysterangium aureum of North America is similar to H. affine with scattered, slightly encrusted, clamped, golden brown from most other Hysterangium species. Hysterangium i g A n Í a G pale blue-green. Gleba pale green, olive to dark gray-green; of the Southern Hemisphere but differs its thicker peridium hyphae. Epicutis 190-240 µm thick, of hyaline, thin-walled, epiroticum Pacioni from Europe has longer spores but also a r e O t L and generally shorter spores which possess a closely irregular to globose, parenchyma-like cells (5-) 10-15 (-50) three-layered, thicker peridium. Hysterangium fragile s O locules small, elongate, empty. Rhizomorphs usually absent, y C H I . l M when present numerous, small, attached to base, concolorous appressed utricle. Hysterangium aureum is common at higher µm in diam, clamp connections absent; subcutis somewhat Vittadini also from Europe has long spores but H. fragile a t E e D . with peridium. Columella gelatinous, dendroid, narrow, elevations in the Great Basin region of western North indistinct, 15-30 µm thick, of hyaline to pale brown, coarse, spores are narrower and its peridium is much thicker. G A , N hyaline to opaque. Odor sweet, fruity. Taste not recorded. America where it is associated with a number of different irregularly-shaped, almost wigglely, interwoven hyphae, 1-3 Hysterangium crassirhachis has much smaller spores and the o A r C e I r r X Peridium not easily separable from gleba, a single species of Pinaceae. It is also similar in spore size and peridial µm in diam, occasional interspersed inflated cells up to 5 µm, outer peridial layer is only approximately 25 µm thick (Zeller e E u M G layer 325–450 µm thick, of hyaline, thin–walled, structure to H.
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