Hysterangium (Hysterangiales, Hysterangiaceae) from northern Mexico Gonzalo Guevara Guerrero 1, Michael A. Castellano 2, Jesús García Jiménez 1, Efrén Cázares González 3, James M. Trappe 3 1 Instituto Tecnológico de Cd. Victoria, Av. Portes Gil 1301 Pte. C.P. 87010, A.P. 175 Cd. Victoria, Tamps. México. 2 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, 3 Oregon 97331 USA. Dept. Forest Science, Richardson Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331 USA 8 0 0 2 Hysterangium (Hysterangiales, Hysterangiaceae) del norte de México , 0 0 1 - Resumen. Tres nuevas especies de Hysterangium (H. quercicola, H. latisporum, and H. 5 9 velatisporum) son descritas para el norte de México. Además, una especie previamente : 8 2 descrita de Hysterangium (H. aureum) es registrada por primera vez para México. A Í Palabras clave: Quercus, hipogeos, pseudotrufas, falsas trufas, ectomicorriza. G O L O C Abstract. Three new species of Hysterangium (H. quercicola, H. latisporum, and H. I M velatisporum) are described from northern Mexico. In addition, one previously described E D Hysterangium species (H. aureum) is recorded for the first time from Mexico. A Key words: Quercus, hypogeous, pseudotruffle, sequestrate, ectomycorrhiza. N A C I X Recibido 20 de agosto 2008; aceptado 14 de diciembre 2008. E M Received 20 August 2008; accepted 14 December 2008. A T S I V E R Introduction In Mexico, only one Hysterangium species has been / reported H. separabile Zeller from the states of Mexico and o c i The genus Hysterangium Vittadini can be recognized by its Tamaulipas (Trappe and Guzmán, 1971; García et al., 2005). x é M sequestrate habit, olive-green, gelatinous gleba, and ellipsoid, Many other species from various sequestrate genera such as n e a s hyaline spores that usually have a loose or closely appressed, Elaphomyces, Gautieria, Genea, Geopora, Glomus, e r p m wrinkled utricle. Many Hysterangium species serve Hydnangium, Hydnobolites, Hymenogaster, Leucogaster, I . a í g important roles in the equilibrium of forest ecosystems as Macowanites, Melanogaster, Octavianina, Pachyphloeus, o l o c mycorrhizal symbionts and as part of the diet (mycophagy) of Radiigera, Rhizopogon and Tuber have been reported for the i M e d small mammals, marsupials and insects (Hosaka et al.. 2006) states of Nuevo Leon, Coahuila, Durango and Tamaulipas a n a c Hysterangium has been traditionally placed into the Phallales (Cázares et al., 1992; Guzmán 1971; Guzmán 1988; Trappe i x e M E. Fischer (Zeller and Dodge 1929). However, recent and Guzmán 1971; Hosford and Trappe 1980; Trappe et al., a t s i v molecular phylogenetics studies have shown that 1979). Recently, we examined Hysterangium collections e R 8 Hysterangium belongs to a new independent order, from northern Mexico deposited at Oregon State University 0 0 2 Hysterangiales Hosaka & Castellano alongside the Phallales, herbarium (OSC) and found three undescribed species and © Gomphales Jülich and the Geastrales Hosaka & Castellano in one Hysterangium species previously reported from the the subclass Phallomycetidae Hosaka, Castellano & western United States. This paper is a contribution to the Spatafora (Hosaka et al., 2006). knowledge of the sequestrate mycoflora of North America. L Autor para correspondencia: Gonzalo Guevara [email protected] A N I G I R O hyphae 1–3 µm in diam in a gelatinized matrix, clamp Hysterangium latisporum sp. nov. Castellano, Cázares & 40 x 8-10 µm. L A N Materials and methods I connections absent. Basidia hyaline, cylindrical, 12–15 x ±4 Guevara Spores minutely verrucose, (15-) 18-22 (-25) x 7-9 G I R µm, 4- or 6-spored. Figures 3, 4 µm, fusiform; apex papillate and somewhat thickened, base O Methods of collection and macroscopic and microscopic Spores smooth, 11–12.5 (–15) x 4–5 µm, ellipsoid; distinctly pedicellate or occasionally claw-shaped in cross- study were generally those of Castellano et al. (1989). Colors apex acuminate, base sometimes slightly pedicellate; spore Peridium 200-250 µm crassum, facile secedens, album, ubi section, up to 2 µm long; wall 1-2 µm thick; utricle distinct, of fresh fruiting bodies were in general terms by the authors. wall less than 0.5 µm thick; utricle closely appressed, slightly contusum brunneolescens, stratis duobus: epicutis 190-240 loose, wrinkled, usually about 1 µm thick but occasionally up Dried specimens were hand cut and mounted in 5% KOH for wrinkled, mostly on young spores; in KOH hyaline singly, µm crassa, pseudoparenchymatica cellulis (5-) 10-15 (-50) to 2 µm thick; in KOH pale olive singly, dark olive in mass. microscopic observation. Fungal collections are deposited at pale green in mass. µm latis, fibulae absens; subcutis 15-30 µm crassa, hyphis Etymology: referring to the width of the spores. ITCV (Instituto Tecnologico de Cd. Victoria, Mexico) or OSC Etymology: referring to the golden yellow to brown intertextis, fibulatis. Gleba atroolivacea, columella plus Habit, habitat and season: Hypogeous, associated (Oregon State University) herbarium. Digitized color of the dried sporocarp. menusve truncata. Sporae verruculosae, (15-) 18-22 x 7-9 with Quercus canbyii, Q. rysophylla, and other Quercus spp. photomicrographs of macro and microscopic characters are Habit, habitat and season: Hypogeous, under Pinus µm, fusiformes, utriculo distincto, incohaerenti, ruguso, in mixed forests; March, October, and November. o c i x on file at the Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Corvallis, teocote and P. rudis; May, June, October and November. plerumque circa 1 µm crasso. Collections examined: Mexico, Michoacan, é M n Oregon. Collections examined: Oregon: Linn Co., Trout Holotypus hic designatus: Mexico, Nuevo Leon, Hidalgo, Los Azufres, 11 Oct. 1988, M. Amaranthus, Trappe r e h t Creek Recreational Area, 21 May1936, S. Zeller 8480, Santiago, Cercado, 22 Oct. 1988, Cázares-Trappe 11014 11006, 11011 (both OSC); Tamaulipas, torre de la microondas r o n Hysterangium aureum Zeller, Mycologia 33:201–202. 1941. (Holotype OSC). Mexico: Coahuila, Arteaga, La Siberia, (ITCV, isotype OSC). Las Mulas, 11 Nov. 2006, Guevara 894 (ITCV, OSC); m o r f Figures 1, 2 camino al puerto de los gringos, 24 June 1984, García 4042 Basidiomata up to 15 mm in diam, globose to Tamaulipas, El Madroño, along road from Victoria to Tula, 20 ) e a = Hysterangium stoloniferum var. brevisporum Zeller, (OSC); Agua Blanca, 27 August 1983, Cázares 71 (OSC); subglobose, white when fresh, bruising pale brown, pale Oct. 1988, R. Young, Trappe 11009 (OSC); Nuevo León, e c a i Mycologia 39:288. 1947. Nuevo León, Santiago, Camotera, 26 May 1984, García 3822 brown when dried. Gleba dark green-olive, locules small, Santiago, El Salto, 20 Aug. 1983, García 3023 (OSC); USA: g n a r = Hysterangium affine var. oreades Zeller, Mycologia (OSC); Zaragoza, La Encantada, 18 October 1985, Cázares empty. Rhizomorph single, distinct, white when fresh, pale Arizona, Graham Co., Coronado National Forest, Noon e t s y 31:18–19. 1939. 137 (OSC); Tamaulipas, Miquihuana, 11 Nov. 2006, Guevara brown when dried. Columella poorly developed, more or less Creek campground, 14 March 1995, J. States, AHF684 H , s e Dried basidiomata 1–4 cm in diam, globose, subglobose or 887 (ITCV, OSC). truncate, penetrating less than half way into the gleba, gray- (OSC); Arizona, Apache Co., Chiricahua Mountains, 17 l a i g irregularly lobed, white when fresh, slowly bruising pale red- Discussion: Hysterangium aureum is characterized translucent. Odor not recorded. Taste not recorded. March 1992, States, AHF564 (OSC). n a r 8 e brown, golden brown to dark golden brown when dried, by the combination of its single peridial layer of parenchyma- Peridium readily separable, turning red-brown when Discussion: The long, wide spores (15-) 18-22 (-25) t 0 s y 0 H 2 surface more or less glabrous, without adherent soil particles, like cells, small spores without a distinct utricle. cut in cross-section, 200-250 µm thick, two-layered; overlain x 7-9 µm of Hysterangium latisporum easily distinguish it ( , m 8 u 2 KOH on peridium nonreactive or pale olive-yellow, FeSO4 Hysterangium aureum of North America is similar to H. affine with scattered, slightly encrusted, clamped, golden brown from most other Hysterangium species. Hysterangium i g A n Í a G pale blue-green. Gleba pale green, olive to dark gray-green; of the Southern Hemisphere but differs its thicker peridium hyphae. Epicutis 190-240 µm thick, of hyaline, thin-walled, epiroticum Pacioni from Europe has longer spores but also a r e O t L and generally shorter spores which possess a closely irregular to globose, parenchyma-like cells (5-) 10-15 (-50) three-layered, thicker peridium. Hysterangium fragile s O locules small, elongate, empty. Rhizomorphs usually absent, y C H I . l M when present numerous, small, attached to base, concolorous appressed utricle. Hysterangium aureum is common at higher µm in diam, clamp connections absent; subcutis somewhat Vittadini also from Europe has long spores but H. fragile a t E e D . with peridium. Columella gelatinous, dendroid, narrow, elevations in the Great Basin region of western North indistinct, 15-30 µm thick, of hyaline to pale brown, coarse, spores are narrower and its peridium is much thicker. G A , N hyaline to opaque. Odor sweet, fruity. Taste not recorded. America where it is associated with a number of different irregularly-shaped, almost wigglely, interwoven hyphae, 1-3 Hysterangium crassirhachis has much smaller spores and the o A r C e I r r X Peridium not easily separable from gleba, a single species of Pinaceae. It is also similar in spore size and peridial µm in diam, occasional interspersed inflated cells up to 5 µm, outer peridial layer is only approximately 25 µm thick (Zeller e E u M G layer 325–450 µm thick, of hyaline, thin–walled, structure to H.