GSEE /China Summit December 6‐8,2016 2 1

The Science Curriculum Changes and their Effects on Students in

Kazuo Nishimura Kobe University GSEE/Chicago Summit 2012 and 2013 2 2 Public lectures: Let’s enjoy Science 3 GSEE/Kyoto 2013 4

• October 20-23 2013 GSEE/Kyoto Summit, October 20‐23,2013 2 5 David Pines, Workshop Co‐Chair, Laura Greene University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Philip Hammer, American Institute of Physics, Martin Storksdieck, National Academy of Sciences, Patricia Sievert, Director of STEM Outreach, Northern Illinois GSEE/Kyoto, October 20‐23,2013 2 6

Maw‐Kuen Wu, President, National Dong Hwa University, Hong Ding, Institute of Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences Jenny Ye, Board of Trustees, International School of Beijing T K Ng, a former dean in Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

Jean Chung, Director in the Korea Fondation for the Advancement of Science and creativity (KOFAC), Chungbuk National University, Chun‐Yeol You, Inha University ,

Daniel Rouan, Academie des Sciences, Paris,

Ali Alpar, Sabanci University 2 Japanese Board of Advisors 7

Akito Arima, former President of University and former Japanese Minister of Education, Chair

Makoto Kobayashi ,2008 Nobel Laureate in Physics Ryoji Noyori,President of Riken、2001 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry

Hiroo Imura,Former President of Kyoto University Kazuo Oike ,Former President of Kyoto University

Michiharu Nakamura ,President of Japan Science and Technology Agency

Kazuo Kitahara,Professor, Tokyo University of Science 2 Yokohama Science Ｆｒｏｎｔｉｅｒ Ｈｉｇｈ Ｓｃｈｏｏｌ 8

Students 720 students (6 class × 3 grades) Major Science/Mathematics Foundation April 2009 Location Tsurumi‐ku, Yokohama Board of Advisors Dr. Akiyoshi Wada :Professor emeritus of the , Former director of the Genomic Sciences Center, Special Adviser of Riken Yokohama Institute

Dr. Akito Arima Dr. Akira Fujishima :Professor emeritus of : Honorary professor emeritus of the University the University of Tokyo, of Tokyo, President of the Tokyo University of Former Minister of Education Science and Science (MEXT)

Dr. Makoto Asashima : Honorary professor emeritus of the University of Tokyo, Former Vice President Sir Harold Kroto of University of Tokyo :Professor of Florida State University, Nobel laureate of Chemistry (1996) Ichikawa High School‐ 10 Nara Women’s University Secondly School 11 GSEE/Taiwan Summit 2015 12 • June 28-30 2015 GSEE/Kyoto 2016 13

• February 11 2016 Nara Prefectural Seisho High school 2 14

An Approach to Fostering Science Professionals through the Seisho Science Exploration Program

Ms. Yoriko Ikuta( Biology teacher) Nara Prefectural Seisho High school Oki‐Dozen High School 2 15

Regional Revitalization focusing on Education

Shimane prefecture Oki islands Here→

Keisuke Ohno twofold increase 16 enrollment／no. of class／no. of teacher

170

160 148 156 145 139 140 126 130 125 115 104 106 103 project start ▼ 95 82 89 91

60 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2. My collaborations with the board of education 2

In Kyoto, Joint Project Team of Kyoto University and the Board of Education , Kyoto Prefecture, 2010‐

In Osaka, serve as a member of the board, 2013‐ Joint Project of Kyoto University and the Board of Education , KyotoＰｒｅｆｅｃｔｕｒｅ 2

The Grand Prix in Mathematics was established in 2007. The Grand Prix in Physics, 2010‐ 2

The Physics Grand Prix was established in 2010.

Winners will be selected from groups as well as individuals. Children Museum Every Satursday 2 2 Symposium, Exhibitions 21 The lecture by the Novel Laureate The asteroid explorer "Hayabusa" in Physics 2008, Toshihide Masukawa 2 More Activities of Joint Project Team 22

Science Training Workshop of Elementary School Teachers

Science Ambassadors Program GSEE/China December 6‐7, 2016 23

3.Science Subjects Studied and Relation to Income after University Graduation:

by Kazuo Nishimura, RIEB,Kobe University Survey of average annual Income of university graduates 2 24

Students in Japan must take entrance examination to be admitted by universities.

National universities impose tests in Math, English, Japanese, Social Studies and Science in the entrance examination. Mathematics :Humanity graduate of private universities 2 25

Private universities impose tests in three subjects.

For humanity and social science departments students are required to take test in English, Japanese and either Social Studies or Mathematics. Figure1 Average Annual Income by the Status of Math Examination 2 ((Unit: 10,000 yen) 26

Urasaka, Nishimura, Hirata and Yagi ( 2002), “Mathematics Learning & University Education, Income and Promotion.” J C E R Economic Journal

940 931 930

920

910

900

890 880 880

870

860

850 All samples Those who didn’t choose mathematics as part of their admission examination Those who did Figure 2 Change in Earnings after Job Transfer 2 27

70

60 58.12 50.82 50

40 34.97

30 23.21

20 14.21 15.67

10

0 Improved No change Worsened Those who didn’t choose mathematics as part of their admission examination Those who did Figure 4 Average Annual Income by Department of Graduation 2 28

Hirata, Nishimura, Urasaka and Yagi (2013), “Mathematics & Science Education and Income: An Empirical Study in Japan,” Journal of Review on Global Economics

700 681 680

660

640

620

600 583 580

560

540

520 Humanities graduates Science graduates

Income (in 10,000Yen) Policy objectives in curriculum guidelines 29 High school science curriculum has changed due to the changes in the curriculum guidelines • 1963 Systematic subject learning • 1973 Modernization of the curriculum 4520 samples

• 1982 Relaxed or Pressure Free Education1 3771 samples

• 1994 Relaxed or Pressure Free Education 2 New vision for scholastic attainment 1696 samples

• 2002 Relaxed or Pressure Free Education 3 Zest for living 0 samples we classified all respondents into three generational groups 30

• 1963 Generation A • 1973 Generation A 4520 samples

• 1982 Generation B 3771 samples

• 1994 Generation C 1696 samples

• 2002 Relaxed or Pressure Free Education 3 Zest for living 0 samples Survey Outline 31

Project Survey on School Education and Working Style

Date February 2011

Method Internet survey （Goo Research ）

100,000 were randomly selected and asked to participate Responses only those who had graduated from university were selected 11,399 responses

science and engineering departments 4,083 or about 31.3% percent Subjects (average age: 44.4), graduates of humanities departments 8,976 or about 68.7%percent, (average age: 42.5), Good at science subjects 2 32 Bad at science subjects 2 33

Bad at science subjects Size of companies and good at subjects 2 34 Income of graduates and good at science subjects 2 35

Figure 10. Average income based on the scientific subject that science graduates are good at (10,000 yen) by generation (Survey G) 800 731 692 722 694 715 700 633 592 600 559 554 576 500 429 405 403 400 352 386 300 200 100 0 Physics Chemistry Biology Earth Total Science Generation A Generation B Generation C 2 Conclusion 36

•Science and mathematics have become weaker subjects for each succeeding generation.

•Mathematics and Physics studies contributes to increases in income. GSEE/China December 6‐7, 20162 37

Thank you for your attention.

Kazuo Nishimura Kobe University,