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40 CHURCHES in 7 DAYS 7 DAY TOUR ITINERARY* DAY 1 Meeting
40 CHURCHES IN 7 DAYS 7 DAY TOUR ITINERARY* DAY 1 Meeting at the airport, transfer to the hotel and check-in. The first steps of your Pilgrimage will start from Katoghike Holy Mother of God and Zoravor Surb Astvatsatsin Churches, both dating back to the XIII century, situated in the centre of Yerevan. To get acquainted with the capital of Armenia, we will have a City Tour in Yerevan - one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world and the only one, that has a "Birth Certificate" - a cuneiform inscription, left by King Argishti I on a basalt stone slab about the foundation of the city in 782 BC, displayed at the Erebuni Fortress-Museum. Yerevan is often pegged as the "Pink City" because of the colour of the stones used to build much of the city centre. Another name of Yerevan is an "Open-air Museum", the reason of which you will understand upon your visit. We will start the City tour from visiting Cascade Monument which is about 450 meters high and 50 meters wide. A panoramic view from the top of Cascade opens up a breathtaking city view with Opera House, Mount Ararat, Swan Lake, Republic Square and posh Northern Avenue, along which you will walk down during the tour. We will also visit Matenadaran, which means a "book-depository" in old Armenian. Indeed, Matenadaran is the pride of Armenian culture, the world's largest storage of ancient manuscripts. In fact, it is a scientific research institute of ancient manuscripts which stores more than 17 thousand ancient manuscripts and more than 100 thousand ancient archival documents. -
Georgia Armenia Azerbaijan 4
©Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd 317 Behind the Scenes SEND US YOUR FEEDBACK We love to hear from travell ers – your comments keep us on our toes and help make our books better. Our well- travell ed team reads every word on what you loved or loathed about this book. Although we cannot reply individually to postal submissions, we always guarantee that your feedback goes straight to the appropriate authors, in time for the next edition. Each person who sends us information is thanked in the next edition – the most useful submissions are rewarded with a selection of digital PDF chapters. Visit lonelyplanet.com/contact to submit your updates and suggestions or to ask for help. Our award-winning website also features inspirational travel stories, news and discussions. Note: We may edit, reproduce and incorporate your comments in Lonely Planet products such as guidebooks, websites and digital products, so let us know if you don’t want your comments reproduced or your name acknowledged. For a copy of our privacy policy visit lonelyplanet.com/privacy. Stefaniuk, Farid Subhanverdiyev, Valeria OUR READERS Many thanks to the travellers who used Superno Falco, Laurel Sutherland, Andreas the last edition and wrote to us with Sveen Bjørnstad, Trevor Sze, Ann Tulloh, helpful hints, useful advice and interest- Gerbert Van Loenen, Martin Van Der Brugge, ing anecdotes: Robert Van Voorden, Wouter Van Vliet, Michael Weilguni, Arlo Werkhoven, Barbara Grzegorz, Julian, Wojciech, Ashley Adrian, Yoshida, Ian Young, Anne Zouridakis. Asli Akarsakarya, Simone -
Offprint / Ayribasim
JMR BURSA ULUDAĞ UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF MOSAIC RESEARCH AIEMA - TÜRkİye SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE / BILIMSEL KOMITE CATHERINE BALMELLE (CNRS PARIS-FRANSA/FRANCE), JEAN-PIERRE DARMON (CNRS PARIS-FRANSA/FRANCE), MARIA DE FÁTIMA ABRAÇOS (UNIVERSITY NOVA OF LISBON – PORTEKIZ/PORTUGAL), MARIA DE JESUS DURAN KREMER (UNIVERSITY NOVA OF LISBON – PORTEKIZ/PORTUGAL), MICHEL FUCHS (LAUSANNE UNIVERSITY – ISVIÇRE/SWISS), KUTALMIS GÖRKAY (ANKARA ÜNIVERSITESI – TÜRKIYE), ANNE-MARIE GUIMIER-SORBETS (AIEMA – FRANSA/FRANCE), WERNER JOBST (AUSTRIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES – AVUSTURYA/ AUSTRIA), I. HAKAN MERT (BURSA ULUDAG˘ ÜNIVERSITESI –TÜRKIYE), MARIA LUZ NEIRA JIMÉNEZ (UNIVERSIDAD CARLOS III DE MADRID - ISPANYA- SPAIN), ASHER OVADIAH (TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY – ISRAIL/ISRAEL), MEHMET ÖNAL (HARRAN ÜNIVERSITESI – TÜRKIYE), DAVID PARRISH (PURDUE UNIVERSITY – A.B.D./U.S.A), GÜRCAN POLAT (EGE ÜNIVERSITESI – TÜRKIYE), MARIE-PATRICIA RAYNAUD (CNRS PARIS – FRANSA/FRANCE ), DERYA AHIN (BURSA ULUDAG˘ ÜNIVERSITESI – TÜRKIYE), MUSTAFA AHIN(BURSA ULUDAG˘ÜNIVERSITESI–TÜRKIYE), Y. SELÇUK ENER (GAZI ÜNIVERSITESI – TÜRKIYE), EMINE TOK (EGE ÜNIVERSITESI – TÜRKIYE), PATRICIA WITTS (AIEMA– BIRLEŞIK KRALLIK/UNITED KINGDOM), LICINIA N.C. WRENCH (NEW UNIVERSITY OF LISBON – PORTEKIZ/PORTUGAL) OFFPRINT / AYRIBASIM VOLUME 12 2019 Bursa Uludağ University Press Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Yayınları Bursa Uludağ University Mosaic Research Center Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Mozaik Araştırmaları Merkezi Series - 3 Serisi - 3 JMR - 12 BURSA ULUDAĞ UNIVERSITY BURSA ULUDAĞ ÜNİVERSİTESİ JMR Prof. Dr. A. -
New Data on the Ancient Settlement of Ak-Beshim (Chu River Valley, Northern Kyrgyzstan)
New data on the ancient settlement of Ak-Beshim (Chu River Valley, Northern Kyrgyzstan) Bakyt Amanbaeva Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnology of the National Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyz Republic Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic KG Abstract According to the archaeological data, a series of ancient settlement appeared on the territory of the Chu River Valley (Dzhety-Suu, Semirechie) in VI-VIII centuries. Some of them were composed of the citadel and shakhristan and transformed later (IX-XI centuries) into the territories surrounded with one-two rings of so-called “long walls” with considerable size in the perimeter. Of these cities was Suyab, which ruins correspond to the ancient settlement of Ak-Bashim known as a capital of three Turkic Khaganates in VI-X centuries: Western Turkic, Türgesh and Karluk. Scientific studies were implemented by Kyrgyz (National Academy of Sciences) and Janapese (National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, Tokyo and Teikyo University since 2016) archaeologists. Excavation site No 15 put in place on the territory of shakhristan No 2 revealed the concentration of grey-clay tile, which corresponds to the remains of the collapsed wall of the building. Probably, the revealed construction may the component of the garden-park ensemble of the Tang Dynasty Period. Analysis of the aerial photo of 1967 and further geophysical studies of the territory of the “second” Buddhist temple have shown that it was a part of the larger complex with the walls of 140-150 m in length. As the result of the excavation site No 18 the revealed temple was occupying only its south-western corner, while another construction the role of which has to be identified during the further archaeological studies, was situated nearby. -
Summer/June 2014
AMORDAD – SHEHREVER- MEHER 1383 AY (SHENSHAI) FEZANA JOURNAL FEZANA TABESTAN 1383 AY 3752 Z VOL. 28, No 2 SUMMER/JUNE 2014 ● SUMMER/JUNE 2014 Tir–Amordad–ShehreverJOUR 1383 AY (Fasli) • Behman–Spendarmad 1383 AY Fravardin 1384 (Shenshai) •N Spendarmad 1383 AY Fravardin–ArdibeheshtAL 1384 AY (Kadimi) Zoroastrians of Central Asia PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF ZOROASTRIAN ASSOCIATIONS OF NORTH AMERICA Copyright ©2014 Federation of Zoroastrian Associations of North America • • With 'Best Compfiments from rrhe Incorporated fJTustees of the Zoroastrian Charity :Funds of :J{ongl(pnffi Canton & Macao • • PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF ZOROASTRIAN ASSOCIATIONS OF NORTH AMERICA Vol 28 No 2 June / Summer 2014, Tabestan 1383 AY 3752 Z 92 Zoroastrianism and 90 The Death of Iranian Religions in Yazdegerd III at Merv Ancient Armenia 15 Was Central Asia the Ancient Home of 74 Letters from Sogdian the Aryan Nation & Zoroastrians at the Zoroastrian Religion ? Eastern Crosssroads 02 Editorials 42 Some Reflections on Furniture Of Sogdians And Zoroastrianism in Sogdiana Other Central Asians In 11 FEZANA AGM 2014 - Seattle and Bactria China 13 Zoroastrians of Central 49 Understanding Central 78 Kazakhstan Interfaith Asia Genesis of This Issue Asian Zoroastrianism Activities: Zoroastrian Through Sogdian Art Forms 22 Evidence from Archeology Participation and Art 55 Iranian Themes in the 80 Balkh: The Holy Land Afrasyab Paintings in the 31 Parthian Zoroastrians at Hall of Ambassadors 87 Is There A Zoroastrian Nisa Revival In Present Day 61 The Zoroastrain Bone Tajikistan? 34 "Zoroastrian Traces" In Boxes of Chorasmia and Two Ancient Sites In Sogdiana 98 Treasures of the Silk Road Bactria And Sogdiana: Takhti Sangin And Sarazm 66 Zoroastrian Funerary 102 Personal Profile Beliefs And Practices As Shown On The Tomb 104 Books and Arts Editor in Chief: Dolly Dastoor, editor(@)fezana.org AMORDAD SHEHREVER MEHER 1383 AY (SHENSHAI) FEZANA JOURNAL FEZANA Technical Assistant: Coomi Gazdar TABESTAN 1383 AY 3752 Z VOL. -
Pre-Proto-Iranians of Afghanistan As Initiators of Sakta Tantrism: on the Scythian/Saka Affiliation of the Dasas, Nuristanis and Magadhans
Iranica Antiqua, vol. XXXVII, 2002 PRE-PROTO-IRANIANS OF AFGHANISTAN AS INITIATORS OF SAKTA TANTRISM: ON THE SCYTHIAN/SAKA AFFILIATION OF THE DASAS, NURISTANIS AND MAGADHANS BY Asko PARPOLA (Helsinki) 1. Introduction 1.1 Preliminary notice Professor C. C. Lamberg-Karlovsky is a scholar striving at integrated understanding of wide-ranging historical processes, extending from Mesopotamia and Elam to Central Asia and the Indus Valley (cf. Lamberg- Karlovsky 1985; 1996) and even further, to the Altai. The present study has similar ambitions and deals with much the same area, although the approach is from the opposite direction, north to south. I am grateful to Dan Potts for the opportunity to present the paper in Karl's Festschrift. It extends and complements another recent essay of mine, ‘From the dialects of Old Indo-Aryan to Proto-Indo-Aryan and Proto-Iranian', to appear in a volume in the memory of Sir Harold Bailey (Parpola in press a). To com- pensate for that wider framework which otherwise would be missing here, the main conclusions are summarized (with some further elaboration) below in section 1.2. Some fundamental ideas elaborated here were presented for the first time in 1988 in a paper entitled ‘The coming of the Aryans to Iran and India and the cultural and ethnic identity of the Dasas’ (Parpola 1988). Briefly stated, I suggested that the fortresses of the inimical Dasas raided by ¤gvedic Aryans in the Indo-Iranian borderlands have an archaeological counterpart in the Bronze Age ‘temple-fort’ of Dashly-3 in northern Afghanistan, and that those fortresses were the venue of the autumnal festival of the protoform of Durga, the feline-escorted Hindu goddess of war and victory, who appears to be of ancient Near Eastern origin. -
Masaryk University Faculty of Arts Department of Archaeology And
Masaryk University Faculty of Arts Department of Archaeology and Museology Master´s Diploma Thesis 2015 Martin Malata Masaryk University Faculty of Arts Department of Archaeology and Museology Prehistoric Archaeology of the Near East Martin Malata Materiality of Urartian Stone Inscriptions and its Implications Master´s Diploma Thesis Supervisor: doc. PhDr. Jarmila Bednaříková, CSc. 2015 DECLARATION I declare that I have worked on this thesis independently, using only the primary and secondary sources listed in the bibliography. I agree with storing this work in the library of the Prehistoric Archaeology of the Near East at the Masaryk University in Brno and making it accessible for study purposes. Brno, 9th July 2015 .................................................... Signature Abstract Title: Materiality of Urartian Stone Inscriptions and its Implications Author: Martin Malata Department/Institute: Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts, Institute of Archaeology and Museology, Department of Prehistoric Archaeology of the Near East Supervisor of the diploma thesis: doc. PhDr. Jarmila Bednaříková, CSc. Abstract: The thesis deals with Urartian cuneiform inscriptions in stone from the viewpoint of the theory of materiality, that is, as tools for proliferation of ideas and for social discourse, mainly from the ruler´s perspective. In the first part, an explanation is given on how the inscriptions were treated due to their nature as a literary source. Then, theory of materiality is summarized and the concept of acral kingship is introduced briefly. In the second part, the aspects of the inscriptions are assessed: patterns of repeating, presence of formulaic expressions (curse formula, „King of Biainili, ruler of Ṭušpa city“ formula), potential deliberate damage to the inscriptions, the size of the cuneiform signs, and spatial distribution as well as temporal development of particular observed trends. -
Miras-3-2016.Pdf
TÜRKMENISTANYŇ YLYMLAR AKADEMIÝASYNYŇ MILLI GOLÝAZMALAR INSTITUTY NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MANUSCRIPTS НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ ИНСТИТУТ РУКОПИСЕЙ OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF АКАДЕМИИ НАУК ТУРКМЕНИСТАНА TURKMENISTAN №3 (63), 2016 YLMY-KÖPÇÜLIKLEÝIN POPULAR SCIENTIFIC НАУЧНО-ПОПУЛЯРНЫЙ ŽURNAL JOURNAL ЖУРНАЛ ESASLANDYRYJY — THE FOUNDER – УЧРЕДИТЕЛЬ – TÜRKMENISTANYŇ YLYMLAR NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ ИНСТИТУТ AKADEMIÝASYNYŇ MILLI MANUSCRIPTS OF THE ACADEMY РУКОПИСЕЙ АКАДЕМИИ НАУК GOLÝAZMALAR INSTITUTY OF SCIENCES OF TURKMENISTAN ТУРКМЕНИСТАНА Baş redaktor Editor-in-Chief Главный редактор A. Aşyrow A. Ashyrov А. Аширов Redkollegiýa: Editorial Board: Редколлегия: P.N. Agamyradow, P. N. Agamyradov, П.Н. Агамырадов, A. Garajaýew, A. Garajayev, А. Гараджаев, G.N. Hanmyradow, G.N. Hanmyradov, Г.Н. Ханмурадов, S. Çaryýew, S. Charyyev, С. Чарыев, O. Gurbanow O. Gurbanov О. Гурбанов Baş redaktoryň orunbasary Deputy Editor-in-Chief Заместитель главного редактора A. Hojagulyýewa A. Hojagulyyeva А. Ходжагулыева Jogapkär kätip Executive Secretary Ответственный секретарь Ý. Weliýewa Ya. Veliyeva Я. Велиева MAZMUNY CONTENTS СОДЕРЖАНИЕ GARAŞSYZ, HEMIŞELIK BITARAP TÜRKMENISTANYŇ MEKDEP OKUWÇYLARYNA,TALYP ÝAŞLARYNA, MUGALLYMLARYNA WE BILIM IŞGÄRLERINE TO SCHOOLCHILDREN, STUDENTS, TEACHERS AND WORKERS OF EDUCATION SPHERE OF 4 INDEPENDENT NEUTRAL TURKMENISTAN ШКОЛЬНИКАМ, СТУДЕНЧЕСКОЙ МОЛОДЕЖИ, ПРЕПОДАВАТЕЛЯМ И РАБОТНИКАМ СФЕРЫ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ НЕЗАВИСИМОГО НЕЙТРАЛЬНОГО ТУРКМЕНИСТАНА J. JURAÝEW (Özbegistan Respublikasy) KOMÝOBYŇ ESERLERI – TÜRKI HALKLARYNYŇ TARYHYNY ÖWRENMEGIŇ -
Multiple Trauma in a Horse Rider from the Late Iron Age Cemetery at Shirakavan, Armenia
Bioarchaeology of the Near East, 10:47–68 (2016) Multiple trauma in a horse rider from the Late Iron Age cemetery at Shirakavan, Armenia Anahit Khudaverdyan*1, Hamazasp Khachatryan2, Larisa Eganyan2 1 Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, National Academy of Science, Republic of Armenia, Yerevan, 0025, Charents st. 15, Armenia e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] (corresponding author) 2 Shirak Centre of Armenian Studies, National Academy of Sciences, Republic of Armenia, Gyumri, 3114, Myasnikyan st. 118, Armenia Abstract: During recent excavations at a Late Iron Age cemetery in Shirakavan, Armenia, a fairly complete skeleton of a male individual buried together with a horse was found. Several bones exhibited signs of healed trauma, including a small blunt force lesion on the frontal bone, broken nose, fractured clavicle and two ribs as well as traumatic synostosis of tibia and fibula. ere was also quite evident degenerative joint disease in the cervical and lumbar vertebrae as well as peculiar morphology of the proximal femora suggesting high load to this part of the body. is observed pattern of lesions suggests an active life and may be the consequence of habitual horse riding. Key words: trauma; degenerative joint disease; tibia-fibula exostosis; scoliosis; horse riding; Urartu kingdom Introduction In antiquity the Armenian Highland served as a crossroad linking east and west. Over- land trade routes existed between the Near East through the Armenian Highland and the Caucasus to the Balkans and to the north Black Sea coast. Shirak is the north- western province of the Armenian Highland (Figure 1), bordering Turkey and Geor- gia. -
TURKMENISTAN SCIENCES Bronze Age Center of Oriental Civilization in the Karakum Desert (Turkmenistan) and Its Connections with Mediterranean World
NATIONAL DEPARTMENT MARGIANA N.N. MIKLUKHO- FOR PROTECTION, ARCHAEOLOGICAL MAKLAI INSTITUTE OF INVESTGATION AND EXPEDITION ETHNOLOGY AND RESTORATION OF ANTHROPOLOGY HISTORICAL AND OF RUSSIAN CULTURAL MONUMENTS ACADEMY OF OF TURKMENISTAN SCIENCES Bronze Age Center of Oriental Civilization in the Karakum Desert (Turkmenistan) and its Connections with Mediterranean World Nadezhda A. Dubova Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology RAS, Moscow, Russia In the late 1940s – early 1950s later world famous Greek-Russian-Turkmenien archaeologist Victor Sarianidi took part in his first excavations after graduating of the Historical faculty of the Middle Asian State University in Tashkent (Uzbekistan). His father borne in Trebizond and mother born in Yalta have married in Russia in the second half of 1920s and moved to Tashkent where there were more possibilities to find a job. In the 1950-1970’s the South-Turkmenistan archaeological complex expedition (YuTAKE) under leadership of prof. Mikhail Masson and later Vadim Masson in collaboration with Turkmenian archaeologists excavated many new and well- known sites near Kopet-Dagh foothills – Nisa, Sultan-Kala, Namazga depe, Altyn depe, Meshed- Misrian, Ulug depe and in the ancient basin of Tejen river as well. They began to make excavations along the Murghab river also. Victor Sarianidi – was one of them – a young archaeologist who want to know all about the Turkmen ancient history. Meshed-Misrian Namazga depe Ulug depe Nisa - Parthian capital Being a head of the Soviet-Afghan archaeo- logical expedition during 1969-1979 and excavating Bronze Age sites there, in Tillya Tepe site in 1978/ 1979 Victor Sarianidi found 7 Kushan royal tombs, where there were more than 20 000 gold goods Kara Kum desert Merv oasis During excavations it became increasingly apparent to Victor Sarianidi’s inquiring mind that in prehistory people might have been able to master not only the foothills of the Kopet Dagh but also those territories which are now concealed by the desert. -
Margiana. a Bronze Age Kingdom in Turkmenistan
MARGIANA. A BRONZE AGE KINGDOM IN TURKMENISTAN Turkmenistan, which became independent in 1991, was the southernmost of the former Soviet republics in Central Asia. It borders on Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, Iran and the Caspian Sea. A country called »Margush«, whose description places it in the east of modern Turkmenistan, was mentioned in an ancient Persian inscription, which was carved into a rock in Western Iran in 520 BC. The same source lists »Bactria« as the region to the east of Margush. »Margiana« was also mentioned in the writings of the Roman historian Quintus Curtius Rufus (1st century AD) which recorded the life of Alexander the Great. In 1974, archaeologist Viktor Sarianidi tied these historical names to the Bronze Age cultures of Central Asia when he named them the »Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex«. Modern science also uses the term »Oxus-Civilisation«, which is derived from the ancient name »Oxus« for the Amu Darya River. The characteristic traits of this cultural group include the forti- fication of cities, common burial customs and a specific repertoire of pottery shapes. The bronze age city of Gonur Depe In 1972, Soviet archaeologist Viktor Sarianidi discovered the settlement site called Gonur Depe (Grey Hill) in the southern part of the Karakum desert, some 30 kilometres from Merv. The excavations (which continue to this day) provided new insights into the Late Bronze Age (3rd to 2nd millen nium BC) of South Central Asia. Even today, the uncovered buildings and structures convey a striking im- pression of the mastery of ancient city planning. The city’s 28 hectares were protected by massive forti- fi cations and subdivided into various precincts, which included residential, commercial and funerary areas. -
Yerevan, Armenia
INFORMATION YEREVAN, ARMENIA OCTOBER 10th-13th, 2018 ISU Junior Grand Prix of Figure Skating 2018/19, Armenian Cup 2018 Yerevan: the capital of Armenia In October Yerevan will celebrate its 2800th anniversary. According to legends Noah lived at this territory before the Great Flood. And after leaving his ark on top of Ararat Mountain, he got down back to the valley where Yerevan is located nowadays. Yerevan, or rather Erebuni Fortress, was founded by the king Argishti of Urartu in 782 BC, that is 29 years earlier than Rome. This fort is situated on the southern border of modern Yerevan. Armenia is the world’s first country which adopted Christianity as its state religion (in 301). And later, in 303, 20 kilometers away from Yerevan Etchmiadzin Cathedral was founded. It has been the residence of the Patriarch (the Catholicos) of the Armenian Apostolic Church from that time to the present. One of the main museums of Yerevan is the Mesrop Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts, commonly referred to as the Matenadaran. It was founded in 1920 on the basis of Etchmiadzin collection of manuscripts. The Matenadaran is in possession of a collection of the 5th-18th-century manuscripts and unique Armenian books, including the Lazar Gospel (887), the Etchmiadzin Gospel (989) and the Mugni Gospel (the 11th century). The world's first textbook of arithmetic tasks was compiled by Armenian scientist David the Invincible. It is also kept at the Matenadaran. Moreover, the Matenadaran is a home of four Guinness world record manuscripts - the biggest, the smallest, the thickest and the thinnest books on Earth.