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Biological Hydrogen Production by Anaerobic Fermentation Wen-Hsing Chen Iowa State University

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Biological Hydrogen Production by Anaerobic Fermentation Wen-Hsing Chen Iowa State University Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2006 Biological hydrogen production by anaerobic fermentation Wen-Hsing Chen Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Environmental Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Chen, Wen-Hsing, "Biological hydrogen production by anaerobic fermentation " (2006). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 1863. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/1863 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Biological hydrogen production by anaerobic fermentation by Wen-Hsing Chen A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Civil Engineering (Environmental Engineering) Program of Study Committee: Shihwu Sung (Major Professor) Kenneth J. Koehler Say Kee Ong Timothy Ellis Dennis Bazylinski Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2006 Copyright © Wen-Hsing Chen, 2006. All rights reserved. UMI Number: 3243819 UMI Microform 3243819 Copyright 2007 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................. vi ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................... vii CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................1 1.1 Research Background................................................................................................1 1.2 Research Goals..........................................................................................................3 1.3 References.................................................................................................................5 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................8 2.1 Hydrogen Production ................................................................................................8 2.1.1 Water electrolysis...............................................................................................8 2.1.2 Thermal-chemical hydrogen production............................................................9 2.1.3 Biological hydrogen production ......................................................................10 2.2 Dark Fermentation ..................................................................................................11 2.2.1 Fundamentals of dark fermentation .................................................................11 2.3 Environmental Factors Affecting Hydrogen Production ........................................14 2.3.1 Inocula and start-up..........................................................................................14 2.3.2 Substrate...........................................................................................................15 2.3.3 pH.....................................................................................................................16 2.3.4 Hydraulic retention time ..................................................................................17 2.3.5 Product inhibition.............................................................................................18 2.4 Fluorescence in situ Hybridization..........................................................................19 2.4.1 Hybridization reaction kinetics........................................................................20 2.4.2 Technical aspects of FISH ...............................................................................21 2.4.3 FISH application on wastewater treatment......................................................23 2.5 References...............................................................................................................25 CHAPTER 3. KINETIC STUDY OF BIOLOGICAL HYDROGEN PRODUCTION BY ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION ............................................................40 3.1 Abstract ...................................................................................................................40 3.2 Introduction.............................................................................................................41 3.3 Materials and Methods............................................................................................44 3.3.1 Seed microorganisms.......................................................................................44 3.3.2 Hydrogen production experiments...................................................................44 3.3.3 Analysis............................................................................................................45 3.3.4 Data analysis ....................................................................................................45 3.4 Results and Discussion............................................................................................46 3.4.1 Kinetic analysis of hydrogen production .........................................................46 3.4.2 Variations of biomass, pH and carbohydrate at different substrate concentrations ..................................................................................................48 3.4.3 Growth kinetics of hydrogen-producing bacteria for three different substrates..........................................................................................................49 3.5 Conclusions.............................................................................................................51 3.6 References...............................................................................................................52 iii CHAPTER 4. BIOLOGICAL HYDROGEN PRODUCTION IN ANAEROBIC SEQUENCING BATCH REACTOR........................................................68 4.1 Abstract ...................................................................................................................68 4.2 Introduction.............................................................................................................69 4.3 Materials and Methods............................................................................................71 4.3.1 Seed sludge and substrate preparation .............................................................71 4.3.2 Reactor operation.............................................................................................72 4.3.3 Analysis............................................................................................................73 4.4 Results and Discussion............................................................................................74 4.4.1 Effect of HRT ..................................................................................................74 4.4.2 Effect of pH......................................................................................................77 4.4.3 Effect of substrate concentration .....................................................................81 4.4.4 Effect of cyclic duration...................................................................................85 4.5 Conclusions.............................................................................................................87 4.6 References...............................................................................................................88 CHAPTER 5. DIAGNOSIS OF HYDROGEN FERMENTATION BY FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION...................................103 5.1 Introduction...........................................................................................................103 5.2 Materials and Methods..........................................................................................105 5.2.1 Reactor operation...........................................................................................105 5.2.2 FISH...............................................................................................................105 5.2.3 Microscopy and quantificantion analysis.......................................................106 5.3 Results and Discussion..........................................................................................107 5.3.1 Hybridization performance from different 16S rDNA probes.......................107 5.3.2 Quantification of bacteria community ...........................................................109 5.4 Conclusions...........................................................................................................110 5.5 References.............................................................................................................110 CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSIONS ......................................................................................120
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