I"- HE POLITICAL SHENANIGANS

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

I rrdiaij ;i"- PHOTO: BOB MCDOWALL HE POLITICAL SHENANIGANS been built above the new lake ìevel, and a lakes then planned for the Clutha River). surrounding the environmental debate and new, bustling tolvnship along the lake shores. This lvas to be a substantial and expensive j approvals for construction of the Cþe Dam The new town sits in the "V" of the lake, with hatchery, rvith grandiose plans for establish- on the Clutha River in Central Otago are arms named for the former rivers that ing a series of distinctive salmonid popula- I generally well known history. Almost as well drained through them - now the Clutha and tions in the various lakes, to be stocked with known is the vast expenditure incurred in Kawarau Arms of Lake Dunstan. ore or other of rainbow or brown trout, chi- construction works, firstly associated with When negotiations were being undertaken nook salmon, Atlantic salmon or mackinalv. building the dam, and then dealing with geo- lvith the former Electricity Corporation of Elaborate facilities were planned to provide a logical faults in the surrounding hills and sta- New Zealand, to ensure that environmental visitors' centre to cater for tolrrists. The bilising the hillsides on the shores of the for- damage resulting from constructing the dam hatchery's cost was estimated at several mil- macive lake to prevent landslides that could was minimised (or compensated for), the for- lion dollars at 1980s prices, the actual cost threaten the dam itself. Now, where there was mer Wildlife Service of the Departmen[ of depending on where the hatchery was to be once a picturesque river gorge, a fast-flowing, Internal Affairs agreed to withhold objections sited. An existing Wildlife Service hatchery tumbling rive¡ and the smaÌl old goldmining to the dam and the resulting lake on condi at Wanaka was deemed inadequate to meet town of Cromlvell nestled in the confluence of tion that a large fish hatchery would be con- thc Se rvice s ambitious plans - its \valer sup- the Clutha and Kawarau Rivers, there is a large structed at ECNZ expense to provide fish for ply insufficient and the site in close proximity lake, a few remnants of the old town that had stocking the proposed new lake (and other to Wanaka torvn and likely to be encroached 68 Fish €i Gøme Neu Zealand. lf:üii rÁ *ïnk ¡ minimised. SpecificalÌy, the belief was that Lake Dunstan would be stocked naturally by downstream movement of salmonid species already widespread and abundant in the Clutha River above the proposed dam site. Prolific brown and rainbow trout stocks pop- i¡ ulate the Clutha and Hawea Rivers, and both these species, as well as landlocked chinook salmon, also support fisheries in Lakes Wanaka, Hawea, and Wakatipu at the toP of the Clutha. It was already well known tha¡ chinook salmon emigrating from these lakes move downstream into the Clutha and find their way into Lake Roxburgh, further down the Clutha - Lake Roxburgh has long been recog- nised as supporting an intermittent but some- times productive fishery for landlocked chi- nook salmon in the summer. It was a fair assumption that the Clyde Dam would termi- nate these downstream salmon migrations and that Lake Dunstan would be the benefi- ciary - a comparable salmon fishery in Lake Dunstan seemed a likelihood. It was thought, also, that brorvn and rainbow trouc would sim- Eæantination of tlae V/ílàIle Serçice laatclaery p ropo¿ a.I p rornp te? ¿ erío u¿ ¿ cep tici¿ nL atru) ngd t fía laeríea b ío log í¿ t¿ tlaat tlaù eæpen¿e coul2t beiuatífic?. upon or surrounded by domestic housing. There were problems finding an alterna- tive site, and there were plans at one stage to term, ònly one dam would be constructed, ilarly move down into the new lake and natural- derive water from the lower levels of Lake making recruitment into the single lake from ly establish a fishery there. So who needed a Dunstan itself and pipe it to the hatchery at upstream lakes fairly easy. Had there been a hatchery? an additional million dollar (or more) cost. seri.es of lakes in the upper Clutha valley, Otago Fish & Game Council, in whose dis- An alternative site was identified at the recruitment into the lower lakes (those more tricc the Clyde Dam was sited once t'he acclima- mouth of Wye Creek, along the eastern isolated from the source lakes and their tisation society movement was reconstrucled in shores of the southern limb of Lake Wakatipu spawning grounds) would have been more dif- the early 1990s (and which became the manag- towatds KingstoI. Here, water could be ficult, increasing the need for a hatcher¡ per- er of any salmonid fishery chat developed in piped from a small lake that feeds Wye Creek. haps. But there was also disbelief that che pro- Lake Dunstan), followed its predecessor the Examinacion of the Wildlife Service hatch- posal to maintain differenc fish stocks in the Otago Acclimatisation Society in abandoning ery proposal prompted serious scepticì.sm various planned lakes was practicable. These hatchery production and stocking as an eco- amongst fisheries biologists that this expense concerns were conveyed to government agen- nomic and sustainable way of maintaining most could be justified. The need for a major cies and interdepartmental committees that of its fisheries - apart, that is, from stocking in hatchely was certainly dented when it became were involved in planning the dam and in some small high country dams and lakes that clear that, at least in the short and medium ensuring that environmental damage u'as lack spawning tributaries. Fish {l Co me Ncu Zealand 69 N GENERAL, MOST OF THE Criticisms of the hatchery proposal and examined. Moreoveq all of this was develo¡> Acclimatisation Societiey'Fish & Game concerns being expressed about the plans ing at a time when New Zealand was being Councils throughout the country had long generated outrage among senior Wildlife "restructu¡ed" in almost every way possible by learned that stocking was unnecessary in Service administrators in Wellington, who the Labour Government ofthe late 1980s and most New Zealznd, waters and saw the accused their critics of meddling in others' earþ 1990s, and among the changes being return to a "put and take fishery" being pro business. But the government of the time proposed was a reorgarìisation of the man- posed by the Wildlife Service for the upper could see past the accusations of meddling agement of salmonid angìing and gamebird Clutha hydro lakes as a step back into "dark recognised the possible validity of the criti- hunting in New Zealand. ages" trout fishery management. cisms, and decided that they should at least be There was clearþ an aspiration within the Wildlife Service's senior management that its model of management (government-managed conservancies with government-employed HAINES HUNTER staff and governmentrontrolled funding - overseen by conservancy councils with some COUNTRY angler-hunter input) should be extended to the whole country. In that eventualit¡ Lake Dunstan would have fallen into the hands of the agency that some planned as ultimately to replace the Wildlife Service - articulated in a revealing Wildlife Service publication called "A Model of its Kind". As it transpired, this was not what happened at all-the structure eventually approved by government was quite the reverse: the now-existing Fish & Game Council structure was instituted, and is basi- cally a reformed Acclimatisation Society structure that might have been entitled "A Model of the Existing Kind"! As a result of all this, had the proposed hatchery have been conslruc(ed, al Wildlile Service instigation, it would have been sited in what eventually became part of the district of the Otago Fish & Game Council. If Otago did not want such a hatcher¡ building it made no sense at all - economically or biologically. However, included among the conditions for constructing the Cþe Dam (contained in explicit empowering legislation) was a condi- Nukuhou Street. PO Box 1O38, Toupo tion that a hatchery must be constructed. Fox & phone lOTl378 7779. Alh (O7l378 8753 Opposition to the hatchery left ECNZ in a dif- 70 Fish €l Game Neu Zealand t conttrrctíng tbe Clyàe Dam wa¿ a conàítíon tlaat a laatclaery mtt¿t be con¿tructe? Gomfolt and Safety Above and BeloYY the Water Line Waln:sWaders are manufacturred in three styles - CHESTWAST &THIGH and NOW STOCKING arailable in boot sÈes 5- 14. ficult position as it was required by law to FOOT WADERS are from highlensÇ closed<ell chloroprene rubbe6 build a hatchery that no.one involved in man- Made Waln¡sWaders are øolly waærproolwarm and aging the fisher¡ likely to develop, seemed to cornfi¡rtable ø væanThe dosed cell neoPrene from wiidr want. Over a series of months, negotiations they are made is e.inforced on Ûte ouside widr nylon were undertaken that provided a solution to and lined wiúr a warm plush pile which reduces this dilemma, and this led to the establish- condensation and helps nrake the waders easy to pull on ment of the ECNZ Clutha Fisheries Trust. and ofi. Because closed cell neoprene conains thousands Money that had been set aside for construc- of tiny air bubbles it is lightweighCflexible and provides excellent thermal insulation. tion of the hatchery - $2.7 million - was given kree pads for oo-a duratilÇ to the Tiust, subject to conditions specified in NOW whfr ftted cushioned and protection. the Trust Deed, of which more below. The AllWalrusWaders are indMdually made and tested in dilemma of ECNZ legally having to build an Nev¿ Zealand.Seams are cross link bonded and rubber unnecessary) unwanted (and predictably aped for suengdr and dunbilÇ.
Recommended publications
  • Outdoor Recreation Strategy 1 2012 - 2022 Central Otago Outdoor Recreation Sstrategytrategy 2012012222 --- 2022022222
    = `Éåíê~ä=lí~Öç= =lìíÇççê=oÉÅêÉ~íáçå= píê~íÉÖó= = OMNO=J=OMOO= February 2012 This is a community owned strategy developed by the Outdoor Recreation Working Party in consultation with the Central Otago Community Central Otago Outdoor Recreation Strategy 1 2012 - 2022 Central Otago Outdoor Recreation SStrategytrategy 2012012222 --- 2022022222 PAGE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 IMPLEMENTATION 8 INTRODUCTION 15 Goals 15 Why have an Outdoor Recreation Strategy? 15 What Comprises Recreation? 16 What Makes a Good Experience 16 Purpose 16 Management Approaches 16 Planning 17 Importance of Outdoor Recreation 17 Central Otago – Geographically Defined 17 Barriers to Participation in Outdoor Recreation 18 Changing Perceptions of Outdoor Recreation 19 Fragmentation of Leisure Time 19 Conflict of Use 19 Changing Perceptions of Risk 19 Developing Outdoor Skills 20 Outdoor Recreation, Individuals and Communities 20 Environmental Considerations 21 Economic Considerations 21 Key Characteristics of Central Otago 21 Other Strategies 21 Regional Identity (A World of Difference) 22 Other Agencies and Groups Involved 22 Assumptions and Uncertainties 22 OVERARCHING ISSUES Human Waste Disposal 23 Rubbish 23 Dogs 23 Signs, Route Guides and Waymarking (Geographic Information) 24 Access 24 Research 25 Landowners 25 Competing Use 26 Communications 27 SPECIFIC RECREATION ACTIVITIES Notes on Tracks, Trails and Recreational Areas 28 Air Activities 29 Mountain Biking 31 Road Cycling 38 Climbing 40 Four Wheel Driving 43 Gold Panning 47 Hunting – Small Game and Big Game 49 Central
    [Show full text]
  • Lower Clutha River
    IMAF Water-based recreation on the lower Clutha River Fisheries Environmental Report No. 61 lirllilr' Fisheries Research Division N.Z. Ministry of Agriculture and F¡sheries lssN 01't1-4794 Fisheries Environmental Report No. 61 t^later-based necreation on the I ower Cl utha R'i ver by R. ldhiting Fisheries Research Division N.Z. Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Roxbu rgh January I 986 FISHERIES ENVIRONMENTAL REPORTS Th'is report js one of a series of reports jssued by Fisheries Research Dìvjsion on important issues related to environmental matters. They are i ssued under the fol I owi ng cri teri a: (1) They are'informal and should not be cited wjthout the author's perm'issi on. (2) They are for l'imited c'irculatjon, so that persons and organ'isat'ions normal ly rece'ivi ng F'i sheries Research Di vi si on publ'i cat'ions shoul d not expect to receive copies automatically. (3) Copies will be issued in'itjaììy to organ'isations to which the report 'i s d'i rectìy rel evant. (4) Copi es wi I 1 be i ssued to other appropriate organ'isat'ions on request to Fì sherì es Research Dj vi si on, M'inì stry of Agricu'lture and Fisheries, P0 Box 8324, Riccarton, Christchurch. (5) These reports wi'lì be issued where a substant'ial report is required w'ith a time constraint, êg., a submiss'ion for a tnibunal hearing. (6) They will also be issued as interim reports of on-going environmental studies for which year by year orintermìttent reporting is advantageous.
    [Show full text]
  • Learning to Live with Flooding
    Learning to Live with Flooding: A Flood Risk Management Strategy for the communities of Lakes Wakatipu and Wanaka Flood Risk Management Strategy October 2006 Contents Foreword 4 Key Terms 5 Executive Summary 6 1.0 Introduction 8 2.0 Background 8 3.0 Scope 9 3.1 Geographical 9 3.2 Strategy Horizon 11 3.3 Risk Scope 11 4.0 Context 12 4.1 Meteorological Setting 12 4.2 Hydrological Setting 16 4.3 Community Setting 19 4.4 Legislative Context 21 5.0 Principles 24 6.0 Strategic Elements 25 6.1 Understanding Natural River and Catchment Processes 25 6.2 Understanding Infrastructural Flood Risk 27 6.3 Flood Sensitive Urban Planning 28 6.4 Flood Sensitive Design 31 6.5 Enhancing Individual Capacity to Manage Flood Risk 32 6.6 Robust Warning, Prediction and Communications Systems 33 6.7 Timely Flood Emergency Response 33 2 Flood Risk Management Strategy October 2006 6.8 Comprehensive Base Data and Information 35 6.9 Investigation of Appropriate Physical Works 36 7.0 Operating Plan 39 7.1 Roles Overview 39 7.2 Readiness 40 7.3 Response 41 7.4 Recovery 42 8.0 References 43 9.0 Appendices 45 Appendix A: Flood Mitigation Strategy Project Brief 46 Appendix B: Action Plan 53 Appendix C: Flood Inundation Maps: 57 C1 Queenstown CBD 58 C2 Wanaka CBD 59 C3 Kingston 60 C4 Glenorchy 61 3 Flood Risk Management Strategy October 2006 Foreword Flooding has been an issue in the Queenstown Lakes District since European settlement in the 1850s. In the last 150 years significant floods have occurred in 1878, 1924, 1994, 1995 and most recently and dramatically in 1999 when severe flooding in Wanaka and the Wakatipu communities of Queenstown, Glenorchy, and Kingston caused extensive damage.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Character, Riverscape & Visual Amenity Assessments
    Natural Character, Riverscape & Visual Amenity Assessments Clutha/Mata-Au Water Quantity Plan Change – Stage 1 Prepared for Otago Regional Council 15 October 2018 Document Quality Assurance Bibliographic reference for citation: Boffa Miskell Limited 2018. Natural Character, Riverscape & Visual Amenity Assessments: Clutha/Mata-Au Water Quantity Plan Change- Stage 1. Report prepared by Boffa Miskell Limited for Otago Regional Council. Prepared by: Bron Faulkner Senior Principal/ Landscape Architect Boffa Miskell Limited Sue McManaway Landscape Architect Landwriters Reviewed by: Yvonne Pfluger Senior Principal / Landscape Planner Boffa Miskell Limited Status: Final Revision / version: B Issue date: 15 October 2018 Use and Reliance This report has been prepared by Boffa Miskell Limited on the specific instructions of our Client. It is solely for our Client’s use for the purpose for which it is intended in accordance with the agreed scope of work. Boffa Miskell does not accept any liability or responsibility in relation to the use of this report contrary to the above, or to any person other than the Client. Any use or reliance by a third party is at that party's own risk. Where information has been supplied by the Client or obtained from other external sources, it has been assumed that it is accurate, without independent verification, unless otherwise indicated. No liability or responsibility is accepted by Boffa Miskell Limited for any errors or omissions to the extent that they arise from inaccurate information provided by the Client or
    [Show full text]
  • 5Fc07c974313596f1f910e1f Riv
    INTRODUCTION KEY INFORMATION Located beside the upper Clutha River in Albert Town, Riverside Residences is a remarkable new 20 Alison Avenue, Albert Town, Wanaka development of terraced homes just five minutes’ drive from central Two-bedroom terraced Wanaka and half an hour from Treble homes on freehold titles Cone and Cardrona Ski Fields. Designed by Matz Architects Stage 3 release features 2 bedroom and 1.5 bathroom homes with private One allocated car park for most units courtyard; the perfect holiday home or investment property. These units have been consented Units consented as visitor as visitor accommodation meaning accommodation they can be rented full-time. Mountain views available to some units Riverside Residences represents a rare opportunity to purchase in this sought-after resort town at a competitive price point. The upper Clutha River meanders through Albert Town WANAKA Wanaka is located in one of the walking and cycling track network most beautiful alpine regions in the and world-famous trout fishing at Southern Hemisphere, an area that Deans Bank. The outdoor activities in includes Queenstown, Glenorchy, the area are world-class: jet-boating, Central Otago, Milford Sound and Mt water-skiing, sky-diving, canyoning, Aspiring National Park. With breath- off-road tours, scenic helicopter taking scenery, diverse activities flights, wine-tasting, skiing and and amazing culinary experiences, it snowboarding. is a tourist wonderland that caters for families, sports enthusiasts and While it’s hard to compete with thrill-seekers. It attracts millions these amazing outdoor attractions, of visitors each year and an annual Wanaka also has an eclectic range spend in the billions.
    [Show full text]
  • To View the Digital Edition of Waterlines for Spring 2020
    White background Rural Otago’s update Spring 2020 What's inside? Lake Dunstan Update on EPA Everyday water heroes notified plan A joined-up approach to catchment groups in Otago Catchment groups new and old will soon have more organisational and administrative support, which means more time for their members to do great things for Otago waterways. Catchment group leaders in Otago are Group made up of staff and councillors, “This initiative will support engaged establishing an umbrella organisation to catchment group representatives and a landowners to achieve environmental support existing catchment groups and regional coordinator from NZ Landcare outcomes specific to their area. help new ones get off the ground. Trust. “Providing coordination and The initiative will provide organisational The Advisory Group’s goal is to create administrative support, along with support for catchment groups and and support an Otago-wide network of information sharing and connecting with volunteers, help groups secure catchment groups that are addressing all stakeholders, will allow landowners funding, provide administration and water quality and waterway health, now to concentrate on achieving on-the- communication support, and facilitate and for generations to come. ground outcomes. access to experts, information and Using the money, ORC is helping the “Lyndon Strang from North Otago technology. catchment groups to establish an Sustainable Land Management (NOSLaM) Over time, it will also look to establish incorporated society. The incorporated is the establishment chairperson long-term funding pipelines to support society will employ a fulltime regional and there is representation across changing needs, and act as a conduit coordinator and contract more localised all of Otago.
    [Show full text]
  • Waste for Otago (The Omnibus Plan Change)
    Key Issues Report Plan Change 8 to the Regional Plan: Water for Otago and Plan Change 1 to the Regional Plan: Waste for Otago (The Omnibus Plan Change) Appendices Appendix A: Minster’s direction matter to be called in to the environment court Appendix B: Letter from EPA commissioning the report Appendix C: Minister’s letter in response to the Skelton report Appendix D: Skelton report Appendix E: ORC’s letter in responding to the Minister with work programme Appendix F: Relevant sections of the Regional Plan: Water for Otago Appendix G: Relevant sections of the Regional Plan: Waste for Otago Appendix H: Relevant provisions of the Resource Management Act 1991 Appendix I: National Policy Statement for Freshwater Management 2020 Appendix J: Relevant provisions of the National Environmental Standards for Freshwater 2020 Appendix K: Relevant provisions of the Resource Management (Stock Exclusion) Regulations 2020 Appendix L: Relevant provisions of Otago Regional Council Plans and Regional Policy Statements Appendix M: Relevant provisions of Iwi management plans APPENDIX A Ministerial direction to refer the Otago Regional Council’s proposed Omnibus Plan Change to its Regional Plans to the Environment Court Having had regard to all the relevant factors, I consider that the matters requested to be called in by Otago Regional Council (ORC), being the proposed Omnibus Plan Change (comprised of Water Plan Change 8 – Discharge Management, and Waste Plan Change 1 – Dust Suppressants and Landfills) to its relevant regional plans are part of a proposal of national significance. Under section 142(2) of the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA), I direct those matters to be referred to the Environment Court for decision.
    [Show full text]
  • A Survey of Lake Roxburgh. a Recent Hydro.Electric Dam
    16 WINTER: SURVEY 6F LAKE ROXBURGH 4. The mean fork lengths at ages I to IV are 14.4 em., K. F. Maynard, J. Galloway, S. Fakoner, E. 24.9 em., 35.8 em., 45.8 em. respectively. Moore, E. Cudby and W. Skrzynski for their 5. Estimates of the annual mortality plus emigration energetic work in the field. rate from age II on vary between 80 and 90%. 6. There is a positive correlation between native fish REFERENCES density and brown trout density in the main river; however, no correlation was found between bottom ALLEN, K. R., 1951. The Horokiwi stream, a study of a fauna density and trout density. trout population. Fish. Bull. Wellington, N.Z. to. ALLEN, K. R., and CUNNINGHAM,B. T., 1957. New 7. There appears to be a negative correlation between Zealand Angling 1947-52, results of the diary trout size and density. scheme. Fish. Bull. Wellington, N.Z. 12. 8. The present regulations are having an adverse effect BURNET, A. M. R., 1959. Some observations on natural on the fishable trout population and the following fluctuations of trout population numbers. N.Z. J. changes are recommended: Sci. 2:410--421. (a) size limit reduced to 9 inches total length; CASSLE, R. M., 1954. Some uses of probability paper in (b) lure restrictions be liberalized to allow all flies, the analysis of size frequency distributions. Aust. threadline spinners and worms; J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 5: 513-522. (c) the present 7 month season be extended to 12 HEINCKE, F., 1913. Investigations on the Plaice.
    [Show full text]
  • Alexandra | Cromwell Tracks Brochure
    OTAGO Welcome to Central Otago Nau mai, haere mai Alexandra and Cromwell townships are good bases from which to Alexandra explore Central Otago, a popular outdoor destination for mountain Further information biking, walking, four-wheel driving, fishing and sharing picnics. Cromwell tracks The vast ‘big sky’ landscape offers a variety of adventures and places Tititea/Mt Aspiring National Park Visitor Centre to explore. 1 Ballantyne Road Central Otago Wanaka 9305 Key PHONE: (03) 443 7660 Mountain bike tracks Walking tracks EMAIL: [email protected] Grade 1: Easiest Walking track www.doc.govt.nz EASIEST Grade 2: Easy Short walk Grade 3: Intermediate Tramping track Grade 4: Advanced Route ADVANCED No dogs No horses 4WD Ski touring Historic site Picnic Horse riding Fishing Swimming Dog walking Hunting Lookout Motorcycling Mountain biking Published by: R174401 Tititea/Mount Aspiring National Park Visitor Centre New Zealand Cycle Trail Ardmore Street, Wanaka PO Box 93, Wanaka 9343 Managed by Department of Conservation Phone: 03 443 7660 Email: [email protected] Managed by Central Otago District Council September 2020 Editing and design: Managed by Cromwell & Districts Te Rōpū Ratonga Auaha, Te Papa Atawhai Promotions Group Creative Services, Department of Conservation This publication is produced using paper sourced from Landmarks well-managed, renewable and legally logged forests. Toyota Kiwi Guardians Front page image photo credit: Bannockburn Sluicings. Photo: C. Babirat Mountain Bikers of Alexandra (MOA) Some quick recreation ideas History Choosing a picnic spot Māori Great picnic spots can be found at Lanes Dam, Alexandra (Aronui Although there were never large numbers of Māori living in this area, Dam), Mitchells Cottage and Bendigo/Logantown.
    [Show full text]
  • Beach Profile Change at St. Clair Beach, Dunedin
    GEOGRAPHY IS KNOWING WHERE THE SURF IS PUMPING KAHUTARA MAY 1993 PHOTO: W. HAWKE BEACH PROFILE CHANGE AT ST. CLAIR BEACH DUNEDIN A thesis submitted in partial fullfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geography in the University of Canterbury by M. J. Dyer University of Canterbury 1994 111 CONTENTS 1 Chapter One: Introduction 1.1: Introduction 3 1.2: Theoretical 5 1.3: Thesis 15 1.4: Thesis 16 Chapter Two: Introduction To The Study Area 2.1: 19 2.2: Local Geology «<«<••·······················-·······-··· ................................................................................................................. 19 2.3: The Otago Continental 24 2.3.1 Hydraulic ....... ...,,5 ,_ ..,.., ________·------··---- 25 2.3.1.1 Currents 25 2.3.1.2 26 2.3.1.3 27 2.3 .1.4 Sediment Transport 27 2.3.2 Sedimentation ______________ 28 2.3.2.1 The Biogenic Sand/Gravel Facies 29 2.3 .2.2 The Relict/Palimpsest Sand Facies... .. ·-· ...... 30 2.3.2.3 The Relict Terrigenous Gravel Facies 31 2.3.2.4 The Modem Terrigenous Sand Facies 31 2.4 Features of the Otago Coast_.......... 35 2.5 The Two Study ....,..,,.,...,H...,.., _____________ 39 2.5.1 Tomahawk 39 2.5 .2 St. Clair - Ocean Beach 42 2.6 47 lV Chapter Three: The Wind Environment 3.1 Introduction __"_" __ ,., ....... _""-·~"-...................... ___" ..................... "." ............. _.......... __ 49 3.2 The Otago Climatic Setting. _______.____ _ 50 3.3 Previous 50 3.4 The Influence of Local winds on the Nearshore Environment..... 53 3.5 Aeolian Sand 54 3.6 56 57 3.7.1 Individual Months _____________ 57 3.7 .2 Seasonal Analysis ________ 61 3.7.3 Total Study Period __ .
    [Show full text]
  • Seismic Retrofit Design of SH8 Clutha River Bridge, Alexandra
    Seismic retrofit design of State Highway 8 Clutha River Bridge, Alexandra M. Jeffries, A. Murashev & D. Novakov Opus International Consultants Ltd, Blenheim – Wellington, New Zealand. G. Gregg 2013 NZSEE Conference New Zealand Transport Agency, Wellington, New Zealand. ABSTRACT: The State Highway 8 Clutha River Bridge in Alexandra is an important link within Alexandra on the main road from Central Otago to Dunedin. The bridge is a 158 m long 3-span through-truss, continuous over two in-stream reinforced concrete piers. This paper presents a summary of the geotechnical investigations, seismic analysis and design of seismic retrofit completed by Opus. This project was commissioned as part of the New Zealand Transport Agency’s (NZTA) programme for seismic improvement of State Highway bridges. As a result of the detailed seismic assessment, retrofit of the bridge was recommended and designed. Retrofits included installation of rock anchors, upgrade from roller bearings to elastomeric bearings, strengthening of shear keys, tying of the concrete deck to the transoms, upgrade of linkage bars, and change from a rigid backwall to knock-off block at the expansion joint. Retrofit work was designed for annual exceedance probability (AEP) ground shaking of 1 in 1000 years, with provision to prevent collapse for 1 in 2500 AEP event. The expected cost of the retrofit is a reasonably small proportion (9%) of the replacement cost of the bridge, which indicates the seismic retrofit is worthwhile and should proceed. 1 INTRODUCTION This paper presents a summary of the geotechnical investigations, seismic analysis, and design of seismic retrofit for the SH8 Clutha River Bridge, Alexandra (CRB).
    [Show full text]
  • Roxburgh Rohe Snapshot (Clutha FMU) This Snapshot Summarises What ORC Knows About The, to Help Create a Vision for Its Freshwater
    Roxburgh Rohe Snapshot (Clutha FMU) This snapshot summarises what ORC knows about the, to help create a vision for its freshwater. The Rohe is part of the Mata-Au FMU. In creating a vision for the Rohe, we also need to think about a vision for the whole Clutha River/Mata-Au which encompasses Ki Uta Ki Tai – from the mountains to the sea – and how they fit together. The Roxburgh Rohe extends from Clyde Dam to Lake Onslow, encompassing Clyde and Alexandra urban settlements. Fraser River (The Earnscleugh) and Teviot River both run through the Rohe, feeding into the Clutha/Mata-Au. Lake Roxburgh is situated roughly in the middle of the Rohe, and Fraser Dam is located in the top left. Brief history The Roxburgh Rohe includes Alexandra and Clyde , which are its most populated areas. Roxburgh township sits just outside the Rohe boundary, however the history and hydrology associated with the Rohe heavily influences the township. All three towns were amongst the main centres during the Otago gold rush of the 1860s. Post gold rush, economic activities across the Rohe utilised the abandoned mining races for the irrigation of stone fruit orchards and livestock pastures. Hydroelectric power generation is equally ingrained into the history of the Rohe, with the Roxburgh Dam being one of the oldest hydroelectric dams on the Clutha River/Mata-Au (1956), and the Clyde Dam, commissioned in 1992, being the third largest hydro dam in New Zealand . A railway line was developed during the gold mining period to transport materials in and out of central Otago, however the rail line was decommissioned in 1989 and later turned into a recreational cycle way as a tourism endeavour.
    [Show full text]