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Development of Tribal Lands and Settlements Project. Report to The FUNDS- -TR -_-DT FAO/LIB/TF 20 Rep 71-wernment of YA IDE'«i OF TRIIEL LAN itift_ SE r-r LEMENTS PROJ CT 1 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 1969 7,IBTAW MAS-N-TRUST FAO/LIB/TF 20 REPORT to the GOVERNMENT OF LIBYA on DEVELOPMENT OF TRIBAL AND aETTLEMENTS PROJECT Volume I General Report FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome,1969 TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUMES I IV 0 GENERAL REPORT Page CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER II BASIC CONSIDERATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 12 A. Basic Consiaerations and Priorities for immediate Action 12 Land Tenure, Land Registration and Aater Rights 18 Soil' and Aater Resources andConservation 23 Settlement Plar_ning 27 The Organization of Farming Services and Cooperatives 34 Social and Community Aspects of Settlement 37 Training of Staff and Settlers 39 CHAPTER III SETTLEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE LIBYAN ECONOMY 42 Transformation of the Economy 42 The Role of Land Settlement Development CHAPTER IV DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS FOR SlELECTED PROJECT AREAS 68 Introduction 68 Al Hania and Al Useta - New Settlements in the Pilot Area of the Jabal Al Akhdar- Eastern Governates 68 Collina Verde Settlement Project 95 Wadi Al Ajal and Traghen PropoSals fór Pilot Settlement Schemes in "Fezzae - Southern Governates 124 Umar Al Mukhtar- Development Proposals for Dry Land Farming in the Jabal Al Akhdar - Eastern Governates 149 CHAPTER V THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXISTING SETTLEMENTS INCLUDING EX-ENTE FARMS 159 Settlements in the Eastern Governates (formerly Cyrenaica) 160 Settlements in the Nestern Governates (formerly Tripolitania) 175 Summary of the General Proposals for the Improvement of Existing Settlements 184 CHAPTER VI THE ROLE OF TUE NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SETTLEMENT AUTHORITY (N.A.S.A.) AND ITS STAFF REQUIREMENTS 191 Structure of N.A.S.A. Today 191 N.A.S.-A.'s Futuro Policy 194 Cooperation and Relationship of N.A.S.A. with the F.A.O. Team i96 APPENDICES VOLUME SELECTED STUDIES Pag,e CHAPTER I THE PILCT AREA OF THE JABAL AL AKHDAR (EASTERN GOVERNATES) A. Introduction 1 11. Geology and Topography 2 Climatic Conditions 4 Water Resources 7 Sellsand Land Capability 10 Present Land Use 17 Cadastral Survey, Aerial Photography and Mapping 22 The Population of the Tribal Area and their Tribal Structure 25 Land Tenure System in the Pilot Area 31 Rural Sociological Aspects 38 Institutional Services Public Services 42 CHAPTER II SURVEY OF SETTLEMENT PROSPECTS IN FEZZAN (SOUTHERN GOVERNATES) 44 Purpose of the Study 44 The People of Fezzan and their Habitations 45 Physical Features 49 Cropping and Livestock Systems 53 Land Tenure System 61 A Survey of Institutional and Agricultural Conditions. in Wadi Al Ajal 66 The Activity of the Ministry of Agriculture in Fezzan 71 Settlement Prospects 72 APPENDIX: Botanical Species Typical of Fezzan and Particularly of Wadi Al Ajal 74 CHAPTER III TI-LE] SYSTEM OF LAND REGISTRATION AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH LAND SETTLEMENT IN LIBYA 75 Method of Study 75 Purpose of the System of Registration 75 System of Land Registration in Libya 76 The Procedures and Provisions for the Adjudication of Rights in Accordance with the Law of1965 79 Relation between the System of Land Registration and Land Settlement 80 Evaluation of the Libyan Land Registration Law 82 Survaying and Mapping 83 iii VOLUME II FINAL REPORTS OF EXPERTS ON SOIL AND WATER SURVEYS Page WATER RESOURCES AND WATER UTILIZATION IN NORTHERN CYRENAICA based on the work of Mr. R. Leuenberger - 59 CHAPTER I Introduction and Acknowledgement CHAPTER II Summary and Recommendations CHAPTER III Natural Regions of Northern Cyrenaioa CHAPTER IV Climate and Its Influence on Land Use Capability CHAPTER V Water and Soil Conservation CHAPTER VI Water Resources and Their Utilization Selected References Appendix 2. THE HYDROGEOLOGY AND GROUNDWATER RESOURCES OF THE JABAL AL AKHDAR NORTHERN CYRENAICA based on the work of Mr. N.D. Noble 1 - 79 CHAPTER I Introduction CHAPTER II Geology CHAPTER III Surf ace Water Resources CHAPTER IV Groundwater CHAPTER V Wate Quality CHAPTER VI Project Areas Bu Traba Pilot Area CHAPTER VII AdMinistrative Means of Dealing with Water Res ources CHAPTER VIII Possible Future Hydrogeologioal Studies in Jabal Al Akhdar 3. SOIL SURVEY OF SELECTED AREAS IN THE EASTERN, WESTERNAMI) SOUTHERN GOVERNATES OF LIBYA based on the work of Mr. R.W. Price -154 CHAPTER I Introduction CHAPTER II Summary of Conclusions and Recommendations CHAPTER III The Pilot Area - Jaba]. Al Akhdar of the Eastern Governates (contld ) - iv - VOLUME III (cont'd) Par,o CHAPTER IV Soil Survey of Selected Area in Eastern Governates CHAPTER V Soil Survey of Selected Areas in Western Governates (Formerly Tripolitania) CHAPTER VI soilSurvey of Selected Areas in Southern Governates (Formerly Fezzan) Appendices Bibliography 4.IRRIGATION OF SETTLEMENT SCHEMES IN LYBIA based on the work of Mr. Dusan Cinc 1 - 51 CHAPTER I Introduction CHAPTER II Irrigation of Land Settlement Areas in Libya CHAPTER IIIWorks Realised by the Engineer during his Assignment CHAPTER TV Collina Verde Settlement Scheme CHAPTER V Irrigation in Other Settlement Projects in Tripolitania CHAPTER VI Guarsha - Irrigation Project, to be Supplied with Water from Benghazi Sewage Purification Plant CHAPTER VII Proposals for the Organization of the Technical Department, N.A.S.A. Conclusions Bibliography List of Reports prepared by the Irrigation Engineer during his Assignment - VOLUME IV FINAL REPORTS OF EXPERTS TNSTITUTIONAL ASPECTSOF LAN ETTLEMENT Page 1. THE DEVELOPMENT OF GOVERNMENT FARMS IN THE EASTERN REGION OF LIBYA based on the work of Dr. H. Meliczek 1 - 33 CHAPTER I Introduction CHAPTER II Findings of the Survey of 390 Ex-Ente Farms CHAPTER III Conclusions and Recommendations 2, LAND TENURE SYSTEM IN THE NORTHERN PART OF EASTERN REGION based on the work of Mr. Abdul Nabi K. Radha 1 - 29 CHAPTER I Introduction CHAPTER II The General Features of Land Tenure System in the Eastern Region of Libya CHAPTER IIIThe Effects of the Tribal Land Tenure System and Tenure Arrangements in the Ex-Ente Government Farms on Agricultural Conditions CHAPTER IV Land Tenure System in Selected Project Areas CHAPTER V Towards Solving the Tribal Land Tenure Problems CHAPTER VI Summary and Recommendations Appendices 3.CADASTRAL SURVEY AND LAND REGISTRATION IN LIBYA based on the work.of Mr. M.S. Haider - 40 CHAPTER I The Role of Surveying and Mapping in the Planning of New Settlement Schemes CHAPTER II A Review and Assessment of Land Registration, Cadastral Surveys and Mapping in Relation to Settlement Schemes CHAPTER III Training of Field Surveyors and Qualified Technicians CHAPTER IV Proposed National Land Survey Department for Surveying and Mapping Appendix (cont'd) vi VOLUME IV (cont'd) Page 4.LEGAL ASPECTS OP TRIBAL LANDS AND SETTLEMENT IN LIBYA based on the work of Mr. Saad Abu-Oaf - 22 CHAPTO I Introduction CHAPTER IIThe Evolution of Legal Aspects of Land Tenure and Settlement in Libya CHAPTER IIIAn Analysis of the Foundation of the Rights in Tribal Lands and Property CHAPTER IV rl Situation of the Private State Farms (Ex-Ente ), Forest and Pasture Lands CHAPTER V -6er Rights CHAPTER VIActivities and Accomplishments of.the Expert CHAPTER VII Recemmendations Appendix LAND SETTLEMENT IN WESTERN AND SOUTHERN GOVERNATES OF LIBYA based on the work of Dr. F. Cappelletti 28 CHAPTER I Introduction CHAPTER IIThe Government Policy in Land Settlement CHAPTER III Work Realized by the Expert during his Assignment CHAPTER IV The Development of Land Settlement Programmes CHAPTER V Special Aspeots in Implementing Settlement Programme CHAPTER VI Recommendations Appendix EXTENSION, EDUCATION AND TRAINING FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF LAND SETTLEMENTS IN LIBYA based on the work of Dr. Salah El Din Noah -68 CHAPTER I Introduction CHAPTER II The Role of Land Settlement Projects in the Development of Viable Communities in Libya CHAPTER IIIAspects of Land Settlements in Western and Southern Governates CHAPTER IV The Administrativo Organization of N.A.S.A. Extension Service (cont'd) - vil VOLUME IV (cont'd) CHAPTER V The Emerging Community of Saadia 'B' Settlement Project CHAPTER VI The Agricultural Extension and Settlers Training Programme for the Development of Saadia 1B' Settlement Project CHAPTER VII Proposals for a System of "Supervised Credit" to Settlers through Co-operatives and under the Direction of the Extension Service CHAPTER VIIILand Settlement Community Development Centres CHAPTER IX The Pro-Service and In-Service Training for N.A.S.A. Extension Workers CHAPTER X Conclusions and Principal Recommendations 7.HOME ECONOMICS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRIBAL LANDS AND SETTLEMENT PROJECT based on the work of Miss N. Bastavi CHAPTER I Introduction CHAPTER IIThe Role of Home Economice in the Agricultural Settlement Project CHAPTER III Programme of Work CHAPTER IV Summary of Achievements CHAPTER V Recommendations Appendices VOLUMEI GENERAL REPORT CONTENTS Page CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 Origin of Project and Terms of Reference 1 Factors Affecting the Progress of Work 3 Organization of Report 4 Adknowledgement 4 Summary of the Work of the Team 4 Appendix: List of F.A.O. Experts and National Counterparts 10 CHAPTER II BASIC CONSIDERATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 12 Basic Considerations and Priorities for Imníi. Action 12 Land Tenurev Land Registration and Water RivNts 18 Soil and Water Resources and Conservation 23 Settlement Planning 27 The Organization of Farming Services and Cooperatives 34 Social and Community Aspects of Settlement 37 Training of Staff and Settlers 39 CHAPTER III SETTLEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF
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