Milestone Chart for CRT Technology, Including Pre-SID Era

Color CRT Luminance Improvements 120 Pre-1950 1950’s 1960’s 1970’s 1980’s 1990’s 2000’s 100 Screen Optimization 80 Larger Phosphor Particles 1858 1962 1969 1970 1975 1978 60 Electron deflection in All sulfide phosphor screen Direct Exposure System for Pigmented Phosphor Soft flash coating with 1980-1983 1986 1990 1995 1950s 1956 Black Matrix Screen Rauland High Voltage Geissler tubes RCA black matrix (printdown) Screen anode button getter Non-rotationally symmetric main lens guns: -Invar Shadow Mask Toshiba 0.65W Impregnated Internal Color Filters Monochrome CRT predominates in television 22” All glass rectangular Negative Guard Band Zenith- 40 Julius Plücker RCA Cathode (Microfilter) color CRT (22EP2) by Post-Etching Rauland Matsushita Philips -Overlapping Field (OLF) Lens Electrode -4W Impregnated Cathode Toshiba In-line gun Matsushita -Electron Gun with Philips Toshiba Black Matrix Westinghouse 1965 Shadowmask White Luminance in A. U. 20 In-line arrangement of Internal Magnetic Shield Philips 1971 1975 -Combined Optimized Tube Yoke Resistive Lens Toshiba Rare Earth Phosphor 1950 1954 1979 electron guns 110 Degree Deflection Philips Slotted Mask & Phosphor Stripes 30" HDTV, 0.334 mm (COTY) RCA -Dynamic Asitgmatism & 1876 Prototype shadow 15” CRT with phosphor pitch, 1510 x 1080 dots Minieck CRT, 0.65W -Elliptical Aperture (EA) gun Hitachi Focus Corrective gun Mitsubishi 0 Term “Cathode Rays” coined Color General Electric Toshiba mask CRT pattern on screen (envelope) 1956 Matsushita cathodes & pin cushion free 1991 1996 2005 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 Eugen Goldstein Beam index tube (apple tube) RCA CBS Toshiba Contrast enhancing screen Large Flat Face Trinitron Superslim CRT with 120˚ deflection Years Philco 1967 1986 coating (Lavender mask) with tempered glass 1964 1971 1975 LG. Philips Displays / Samsung Television Rare Earth Oxysulphide Oxide Cathode with Scandia Toshiba Sony 17” Chromatron with three 110˚ deflection with Corner suspended Red Phosphor rectangular yoke ring shadow mask Mitsubishi 1950 1954 electron guns Please Note . . . 1897 RCA Picture Tubes 75kV 7” CRT Sony Toshiba Philips First CRT First Commercial Color CRT, 21" Round, Arguably there is no single device that has had a greater impact on our daily lives during the past 47 years than Karl Ferdinand Braun for Cinema 70 Degree Deflection, Metal Funnel 1989 the CRT (with due respect to the transistor). As it evolved from monochrome to color, grew in size from 14" to Projection 36+”, and was used to generate projected images of up to 70", it transformed the life of the average American RCA 1968 1972 1973 Interference Filter CRT family. As the only medium capable of presenting a wide variety of information and entertainment to the viewer RCA 1964 First Trinitron: 1 gun, 3 Unitized In-line gun with Unitized In-line gun with Phillips or viewers, it was also a vital and indispensable component of avionics and command & control military systems. Further, its versatile embodiments in photorecording and oscilloscope applications (particularly the Rare Earth Vanadate Red Phosphor beams & Aperture Grille self convergent DY Multipole Magnet latter) made it the key instrument for enabling the great science advances of the latter half of the 20th century. 1953 1957 Sylvania Sony RCA RCA 1904 Given its versatility in the hands of talented practitioners to meet almost any display requirement that arose in the Oxide cathode 15” shadow mask CRT with metal Frit sealing of funnel 1940's through the 1980's (such as, character generating tubes for displaying computer data, storage tubes to cone & separate phosphor dot plate & face plate provide a bright stored radar displays in the cockpit, spherical image surface to interface with a polarizing Arthur Wehnelt 1972 "pancake window" to create a tiled virtual image display for wide field of view straining simulators), a RCA RCA PVP-DAS for black matrix printdown comprehensive view of its history would require a wall-sized presentation. The historical chart on the left refers to first-in-kind technology milestones that resulted in notable commercial, industrial or military products. The Hitachi one exception to this is the bottom panel, which documents a half a century of ingenious attempts to meet the goal of a viable flat panel CRT, even with aid of field emission technology – the one grand failure, so far, of vacuum tube display devices. 1905 Wehnelt cylinder (control 1980 1983 1989 gride or G1) 50” consumer rear projection TV Black stripe rare screen with Fresnel Interference filert CRT 1973 1979 Arthur Wehnelt GTE Sylvania and lenticular lenses Philips 1992 Reference Note 1 Giant VideoBeam CRT with - f/1.0 aspheric projection lenses US Precision Lens Dai Nippon Ultra wide angle f/0.77 lenses integrated Schmidt optics - Lenticular, black stripe screen Oscilloscope CRTs Projection US Precision Lens Advent for rear-projeciton Freen Screen Pre-SID 1985 1982 1950's Post Deflection Acceleration (PDA) using Wound Helix Tektronix CRT Liquid coupling/cooling in rear PTV 1960-62 Scan Expansion using Wire-Wound Frame Grid Sylvania/ETL Ltd. 1929 - High brightness 7” PRT CRT Bipotential electron gun with CRTs Philips Selected Developments for Oscilloscope CRTs with chemically strengthened glass Hitachi G2 & oxide cathode 1963 Scan Expansion using Domed Mesh Hewlett Packard - Large Diameter Aperature Gun Matsushita 1966 5 GHz Traveling Wave Deflector LEP/Hyperelec Brive Kenjiro Takayanagi 1986 - Liquid coupling & cooling of flat 1969 Four Pole Scan Expansion Philips Lens system for aspheric CRT faceplate 1977 5 GHz Deflection and Microchannel Plate Philips CRT faceplate Sony Hitachi 1977 400 MHz Single Shot Charge-Transfer Storage Tektronix 1979 Box Lens Scan Expansion, Microchannel Plate Tektronix 1983 Two-Axis Quadrapole Scan Expansion, 350 MHz Portable Tektronix 1986 Decelerating Inverted Domed Mesh Scan Expansion, (MCP) Tektronix 1929 1960-1963 1971 1975 1978 1982 1985 Kinescope with magnetic Tonotron and Multi-mode P43 Line Emitter 5x5” Cockpit HIS ADI CDU P53 YAG Phosphor for Ruggedized 6" x 6" Color 17" Beam Index deflection & bipotential Storage Tubes for E2C Radar electron gun Phosphor with for Aircraft Heads UP Displays for Commercial Aircraft Hughes Thomson Vladimir Zworykin Notch Filter Matsushita Ferranti Toshiba CRT Technology SID Award Winners Thomas

1983 Francis Rice Darne Memorial Award Karl Ferdinand Braun Prize 1969 Norman Fyler 1989 Multicolor Penetration 5" x 5" Tension Mask High Performance Color Norman Lehrer 1974 Harold Law 1989 1932-36 Avionics Tektronix Curved faceplate CRTs for CRT (Penetron) Sam H. Kaplan 1975 Harold B. Law 1979 Edward Ramberg 1989 projection Sylvania Alfred Schroeder 1989 Philips, RCA, Fernsehen 1983 Jan Rajchman Prize Monochrome Avionics CRT with Robert Meyer 1996 Electro-static & Magneti Deflection Capp Spindt 1996 Kentaro Kiyozumi 1991 Tadashi Nakamura 1991 Sony Fellow of the SID Akio Ohkoshi 1995 1934 William Aiken 1967 Eiichi Yamazaki 1995 First TV-set with B&W CRT Sol Sherr 1967 Telefunken Leo Beiser 1970 Nobuo John Koda 1970 Special Recognition Benjamin Kazan 1971 Sol Sherr 1972 1964 1967 1971 1973 1979 1980 1983 1986 1988 Harold Law 1971 Ivan Sutherland 1974 4000 x 4000 pixels Monochrome Vacuum P45 White Phosphor 36" Round 40 kV Monochrome Phototypesetting CRT, 12” and 19” Color Tube with 0.2 mm 20"x20" Trinitron Antistatic-antirefelx- Irv Reingold 1973 Joe Bryden 1975 1937 Photorecording CRT Fluorescent Display (VFD) for Medical Displays with 8.5" sq ft Area for Simulators 13" x 2" Fiber Optic Faceplate Trinitron CDT pitch for PC Monitors for Air Traffic Control antiglare coating for CDT John A. Van Raalte 1977 Peter Seats 1975 Projection TV demonstrated CBS ISE Electronics Thomas Thomas Ferranti Sony Hitachi Sony Sony, Toshiba, Hitatchi Gentaro Miyazaki 1978 Otto H. Schade, Sr. 1975 with CRTs CDTs and John Constantine, Sr. 1982 Leo Beiser 1978 1950's Thomas Credelle 1984 Benjamin Kazan 1978 Philips, RCA, Fernsehen - Flat Face Metal Cone 22" 1973 1983 Walter Goede 1992 Tadashi Nakamura 1979 Monochrome for Radar 1986 1968 Multibeam Monochrome CRT 1979 CDT with 0.2mm pitch for Peter Barten 1993 Philip M. Heyman 1980 Special - First Dispenser Cathode Philips Flat Face Tension mask CDT Makoto Ikegaki 1993 Henry Marcy 1983 11" Direct View Storage GTE Sylvania Multicolor VFD PC Monitors - Charactron: Character Mask Tube for Computer Graphics Kasei Optonics Zenith Masakazu Fukushima 1994 Koichiro Kurahashi 1984 Hitachi Hsing-Yao Chen 1995 Eiichi Yamazaki 1986 1938 before Deflection Convair S/C Tektronix Shadow mask color Purpose Alan Knapp 1996 Masakazu Fukushima 1986 - Typotron: Character Mask plus 1972 Carlo Infante 1996 Robert B. Meyer 1989 CRT patented Storage Hughes High resolution CDT 1979-1982 1983 1986 Eiichi Yamazaki 1996 Harold Ketchum 1992 Walter Flechsig (0.26~0.36 mm pitch) High resolution monochrome CRTs for PC CDT with invar shadow Portable Monochrome CRT with P. Niel Yocom 1997 Masanori Watanabe 1992 CRTs Matsushita Clinton, Tektronix, Philips mask Electrostatic & Magnetic Deflection Makoto Maeda 1999 Kinzo Nonomura 1992 Seyno Sluyterman 2000 Guy Hill 1994 Toshiba Sony Shoji Shirai 2001 Hiroshi Suzuki 1994 Daniel den Engelsen 2002 Zu-Kai Wu 1995 1941-1944 1970-1980 - Unique Oscilloscope CRTs - See Reference Note 1 Tsunehiko Sugawara 2006 Makoto Maeda 1996 Aluminized phosphor screen Sashiro Uemura 2009 Shuji Iwata 1997 RCA, General Electric Shoji Shirai 1997 Tokuhide Shimojo 1998 2000 1957 1961 1998 Tsunehiko Sugawara 2000 1994 13.2" Color FED Yukinobu Iguchi 2001 Aiken flat CRT Banana Color Television System 1976 1983 1987 (C) 5.2” FED (monochrome) FED with Carbon Nanotube Candescent 2003 Soichiro Okuda 2002 1944 -1945 W. Ross Aiken Mullard-Philips Mo-Cone Field Emitters (C) 2” Sony Flat CRT First Color FED PixTech Emitters Sashiro Uemura 2002 Unpotential gun (Einzel lens) (Spindt tips) (snow shovel CRT) SRI International ISE-Electronics Hopping Electron FED Soichiro Okuda 2002 for oscilloscope Cap Spindt Sony 2000 (HOPFED) Sashiro Uemura 2002 RCA, Phillips, Sylvania MIM Field Emitter for FED Philips 1958 1962-74 - Digisplay: Wire Cathodes, Switching Grids - Northrop Hitachi Flat / Thin Gabor flat CRT 1993 1996 Dennis Gabor 1986 Flat Matrix 14” Color Display Hopping Electron Zeus Display 1979 1946 First Field Emission Matsushita Philips 2000 2006 Post-2003 Applied Vision Award Winner Sinclair Tube Rear-screen CRT PTV Tubes Display (FED) Printable Field Emitter for FED 55” SED RCA Sinclair Research PFE Otto Schade Prize Fellow LETI-CEA SED Inc Curtis Carlson 2006 TsunehikoSugawara 2006 1997 Roger Cohen 2006 Yoshifumi Shimodoira 2007 Surface Conduction 2001 Andrew Watson 2007 Ingrid Heyndericks 2008 Electron Emitter Display Louis Silverstein 2008 Sashiro Uemura 2009 Ballistic Electron Surface Emitting Display Canon Eli Peli 2010 1946 Matsushita Special Recognition Award 1” Heads-up Display (HUD) CRT James Larimer 2010 Bradfield Joyce Farrell 2010