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A convict with convictions John-Paul Himka Release Shumuk! inter- He is sixty-sixyears old and totalitarianism, whether near two wagons full of human 1957 he was again sentenced to covered the memoirs and re- has spent most of his life in nationalist or nationalist. corpses. The guard climbed on ten years in labor camps. The arrested Shumuk in January prison. He has never killed In 1945 the Soviet the wagons and ostentatiously re-sentencing was a direct 1 972. He was once more anyone, nor robbed anyone. His authorities sentenced Shumuk smashed open the heads and result of his refusal to becomea sentenced to ten years in the health is completely broken. In to twenty years of hard labor in ribcages of the corpses. Such KGB collaborator. After serving camps, to be followed by five mid-December of this year he . One chilling incident, was their welcome to the camp. his term, he was released in the years of internal exile. will face the alternatives of indicates the kind of conditions Shumuk struggled against fall of 1967. Shumuk's outspoken views death or liberation; he has no people had to endure in the the brutality and in 1953 took a He used the next few years have earned him enemies say as to which of the two he'll . At one point he was leading role in a two-month to write his memoirs, which among in the West. receive. transferred, along with other strike" at a Norilsk labor camp. circulated in samvydav and His powerful memoirs, with Danylo Shumuk has always prisoners, to a new camp. The He was eventually released were subsequently published in their criticism of the Nationalist displayed extraordinary prisoners were greeted by a in 1956 as part of the de- the West {Za skhidnym obriiem leadership during World War II, courage in following his convic- guard with a crowbar standing Stalinization process, but in Paris, 1974). The KGB dis- enraged the Bandera faction of tions. As a teenaged peasant in the Organization of Ukrainian Polish-ruled , he join- Nationalists. Moreover, in the ed the outlawed Communist mid-1970s Shumuk was the Party of Western . He most consistent opponent of paid for this with almost six the messianism of his fellow years in a Polish prison. During political prisoner, Valentyn the two years of Soviet rule in Moroz (subsequently released

Western Ukraine (1 939-41 ) to the West). Thus, Shumuk's Shumuk saw the ideals of his convictions have not only made youth translated into a ruthless him a prisoner for thirty-seven policy of forced collectivization years of his life, but have also and mass repression. In 1941, undermined the strength of any the NKVD imprisoned him campaign to release him by because his brother was alienating the most vociferous declared an "enemy of the elements of the Ukrainian people." When war broke out diaspora. later that year between Ger- Today Shumuk is in Camp many and the USSR, the Soviet No. 6 of the Potma penal labor authorities massacred complex near Sosnovka in the thousands of political prisoners Mordovian ASSR. He will stay in the NKVD cellars of Western there until mid-December, Ukraine. But others, including when he will be transported into Shumuk, were sent out virtually exile. Given his age, his health unarmed into combat against and theconditions of transport, advancing German troops. it is likely that the journey will Shumuk was captured and kill him. He has expressed this incarcerated in a German POW fear in a letter to relatives in camp in which 30,000 Soviet Canada. Along with the prisoners of war were to die of dangers, however, the move starvation; but Shumuk es- presents certain opportunities. caped after two months. For instance, if Soviet He joined the anti-German authorities were to decide to resistance in 1943, not in the release him to the West, the ranks of the Red Partisans; moment of transfer from the since he had decisively broken camps to exile would be the with Communism, but in the most opportune. Between now ranks of the Nationalist-led and mid- December it is necessary to let the Soviet (UPA). Until his capture by the authorities know whether we NKVD in December 1944, want Shumuk dead or free. Shumuk worked as a political So what can you as an instructor in UPA. He never individual do? At the very least, engaged in battle. Much that he write a letter to the Soviet saw in the Nationalist Embassy (285 Charlotte St., resistance sickened him: the Ottawa K1N 8L5) appealing to massacre of non-Ukrainian them to' release Shumuk on civilians and the paranoid, humanitarian grounds. Thirty- fratricidal slaughter within the seven years in prison and labor UPA and Organization of Ukrai- camps. Isn't that long enough to nian Nationalists. He emerged pay for having the courage of from the struggle with a one's convictions? profound hatred of Danylo Shumuk is sixty-six years old and has spent most of his life in a prison.

Winnipeg conference report Mark Ferbey Visible symbols and the arts Academics, students, one hundred participants, impetus behind the new objec- his opening remarks varied Canadian art when one does tists, and concerned Ukrainian- many of whom contributed a tives soon lost all enthusiasm from skillfully crafted presen- not know what constitutes Canadians met on 6 - 7 great deal to the discussion Suggestions of a Ukrainian- tations to mere information Ukrainian-Canadian art. He November at the University of forums following each session. Canadian Arts Council and a packages. Among the more suggested that by relying on Manitoba in to dis- The opening remarks on Ukrainian-Canadian Arts though t-provoking sessions was visible symbols many artists cuss various elements of Ukrai- Friday the sixth by Javoslav Catalogue simply lacked con- the paper by Radozlav Zuk on cover up deficiencies in cultural nian culture in Canada. The Rozumnyi of the U. of M.'s centrated initiative to be seen "Material Culture", and the content and this in turn vreates conference, which was co- Slavic Studies department through to fruition. Rozumnyi entire panel discussions on a "superficial visible culture ". organized by the Canadian attempted to give the con- continued his remarks by "" and "In Search of Later, Professor Zenon Institute of Ukrainian Studies ference a specific focus and stating that the "Visible Sym- Symbols." The following are Pohorecky from the University (CI. U.S.) and the department of aim. Referring back to in- bols" conference's approach to some highlights from these of Saskatchewan humourously Slavic Studies at the U. of M spirational conferences such as Ukrainian-Canadian culture three sessions. illustrated this concern by called was "Visible Symbols: SUSK's (Ukrainian Canadian must first proceed with the Montreal architect presenting an image of a pai- Cultural Expression Among Students' Union) Ukrainian discussion of the phenomena of Radoslav Zuk talked about the nted embroidered motif on an Canada's Ukrainians". The six Festival of the Arts in the 1970's, Ukrainian-Canadian culture Ukrainian-Canadian identity exterior of a house in the slide sessions on the two-day Professor Rozumnyi offered the and the objectives and forms it crisis in the context of material show accompanying his talk. seminar focused on Ukrainian- opinion that although the takes. culture. Zuk argues that the The session entitled "In Canadian material culture, fine Festival's results inspired many Rozumnyj's observations basic dilemma faced by the Search of Symbols" was one of arts, music, dance, symbols, of the participants to develop helped to outline the goals of Ukrainian-Canadian artist was and the politics of culture. fresh ideas on Ukrainian- the weekend gathering, and the how he or she can proceed in (Cont'd Page 15) Thirty speakers addressed over Canadian arts and culture, the presentations which followed producing quality Ukrainian- Inside: Jim Fleming, and a tribute to Wasyl Kohut. Last November a friend half-jolkingly told me that the All signed letters of reasonable length which comply with Canadian libel and election of Ronald Reagan symbolized that the U.S. had slander laws will be printed unedited (save for purposes of clarity) in this column. We entered the fourth and final stage of syphilis. In this stage, will not print anonymous letters, but if for the disease attacks the brain and central nervous system. personal reasons contributors wish to withhold their names or a pseudonym, this Mental processes break down and after a prlonged period use can be arranged. In all cases, however, of suffering — during which the afflicted tends to act we require both a genuine signature and a return address. irrationally, the victim dies.

Not being a doctor, I don't know if the disease America has is of a venereal nature. However, it is obvious even to Travel Servtce Sexist Review the layman that the U.S. is critically ill. The symptoms are ffii Astro clearly evident. Anyone just nominally familiar with internal problems in the knows about the continuing decay of In the October issue of Stu- its cities, the racial tensions, the deterioration of the public COMPLETE TRAVEL SERVICE dent, Peter Melnychuk, in his film educational system {which is graduating increasingly review entitled "Moscow does not greater numbers of functional illiterates), the soaring • Specializing in Ukraine/ believe in Marx," refers to one of crime rate, the proliferation of hand guns, etc., etc. ad • Group and Individual Travel the film's female characters as a nauseum. One can also mention the political crises and • Visas, Invitations, Passport Photos "parody of a nosebag." I scandals of the past decade, such as Watergate, would like to point out that the use of the word Koreagate, Abscam, and other similar high-level shady - 10854 97 STREET "hosebag" is a violation of the dealings. It is obvious that graft, fraud, corruption and EDMONTON, ALBERTA Student constitution, section Mob connections are permanent features of American 423-2351 4:01 which states that sexist politics, from the hustings to the Oval office. Furthermore, TEL. (403) (g), material shall have no place in the economy has been dipping in and out of recessions Student. and can "be said to be suffering from chronic high Terminology is unemploymsnt, usurious interest rates, soaring inflation, often dismiss- ed as an falling productivity and a decline in real wages. innocuous assignment of language to thought. However, Reagan's cure for the ailing economy has been to It takes more than prescribe such traditional "medicines" as squeezing more Robert Baker, the American from the lower classes by holding down wages and philosopher, writes in his article "'Pricks' and slashing social programs for the poor and disadvantaged theory 'Chicks': a plea for while increasing welfare benefits for the transnational to start 'Persons'," that "the way in which corporations and the wealthy via tax^cuts. Even David we identify something reflects our Stockman, the director of the budget, recently admitted conception of it." Specifically, that Reagan's policies were nothing more than a "Trojan a practice. Baker states that "the conception Horse" aimed at aiding the rich. At the same time, military of women embedded in our spending has reached astronomical proportions, with language is male chauvinistic." He projected outlays of approximataely ONE TRILLION YOU CAN BENEFIT develops the argument thai the DOLLARS over the next four years. This militarization ot manner in which we speak, i.e., the an already militarized economy means nothing but trouble FROM OUR FULL RANGE terms that we use (such as for an already deeply-troubled world. OF FINANCIAL Melnychuk's "hosebag") can not Although the U.S. was recently defeated and forced to SERVICES. be dismissed as merely "just the withdraw from Indochina, its foreign policy has remained way people talk." Baker states that virtually unchanged since that debacle. For the Third "for a group to talk that way it must World this has meant continuing American support for think that way." He then goes on to brutal, fascist-like dictatorships which in return allow describe various terms used in U.S. -based transnational to cheaply exploit their describing worrien {"chick," nation's resources and labor. This fundamental "bitch," "fox," "broad, "etc.) whose relationship is the reason why the recently-ended Cancun common properties which un- Conference can only be regarded as an elaborate farce. derlie the metaphorical identifica- Asking the U.S.toaid the development of poor countries is tion are domesticity and servitude like asking a wolf to stop raiding sheep from a nearby (the etymology of "broad" being flock, or even more absurdly, to become its shepherd! pregnant cow). Baker refers to Recently, U.S. foreign policy has become even more HERITAGE TRUST another category of terms such as reactionary, openly supporting regimes like South Africa "snatch," "twat," "piece," (and 1 while forestalling the independence 10126 -101 Si., EOMONTQN might of Namibia. Similarly, add, "hosebag") , which TELEPHONE 429-6656 events in Iran, most notably the hostage incident, have conceive of women in terms of #192J(!NGSWAY GARDEN MALL, EOMONTON been cleverly manipulated by the those parts of American government TELEPHONE 474-8471 their anatomy and media so as to whip up an hysterical nationalism 319 8th AVENUE, S.W. CALGARY associated with sexual inter- within the country in order to gain more support for the TELEPHONE 265-4415 ongoing process of militarization. (Cont'd Page 15) (Cont'd on Page 13)

In my day we knew exactly what to do with

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ADDRESS .

Jars Balan, Dana Boyko, Mark Ferbey, Peter Hammond, Ivan ft. CITY .. Zenon Korolevych, D.W. Lupul, Valerian Markevych, Peter T. Melnychuk, Peregrinus, Pointdexter, Anhalena Szuch, Tete, Mike Verchomin, Ppvlb Virsky.

POSTAL CODE .

Page 2: STUDENT, November 1981 Wally Lopat/nsky Hiking in Poland

Recent developments in Poland have had an The Raid ended with all five groups and numerous enormous impact ,on all facets of life in that country. guests meeting for two days in a Ukrainian villaqe Not least of all, Polish liberalization has led to changes called Pollany. Like the rest of the Raid, this was in the regime's official and unofficial nationality policy. organized by the Students' Union and was really the Thanks to the political rebirth and atmosphere of first official meeting of the organization's members change, the Ukrainian community has experienced a and supporters. The whole body was welcomed by the renaissance in their organized life, and many acting executive of SUSP, and the occasion segments of the community was used are expanding the scope to discuss the future plans and goals of the fledqlinqM M of their activities and plans. union. One of the most obvious examples of this In addition to organizing the Raid, the union has renaissance has been the vitality of the newly-formed played an active role in the and operation Union of Ukrainian Students in Poland. (Spilka of a small museum in the highlands depicting the life of Ukrainskykh Studentiv v Polshchi SUSP). The Union, the local inhabitants. They have both helped in the which was organized in May of this year, held its first cleaning and preserving of artifacts, and in the major function in early August, a two-week long hike preparation of new expositions. Moreover, Polish- and cultural camp involving about 120 university and Ukrainian students are hoping to take on the respon- senior high school students from across Poland. The sibility of a music and performing arts festival successful camp (called a "Raid") was all the more scheduled to be held in Gdansk in November Called incredible when one considers the obstacles the the "Molodizhny: Yarmarok," the festival caters to the students continue to face in gaining recognition and young Ukrainians of Poland and will probably be support for the group. attended by over 1000 people. Raids are a very popular summer activity for But the Union of Ukrainian students in Poland young people in Poland. For the past5or6 years small faces considerable obstacles in these and otherfuture groups of Ukrainian students have been meeting activities. Besides the continuing problems regarding informally to hike in the Carpathian Mountains in the their official status, there are historically bad relations south-east corner of Poland. between and" Ukrainians to be overcome. This is an area which was historically inhabited by Surprisingly, there is also the indifference, if not the Ukrainians and-ended up in Poland because of various hostility, of the official Ukrainian community'' political factors. After the Second World War this leadership. These people fear asserting their mountainous rigt region became the scene of protracted various reasons and strongly oppose the^Jnents' military and political campaigus — in opposition to the initiative and independent organization^mally, the USSR and the PoJish government — led by the death of experienced Ukrainian sl*(ltnt activists Ukrainian Insurgent (UPA) Army and other political contributes to the administrative^^ organizational and nationalist groups. a As consequence of this problems confronting the^j^oup. However, the unsuccessful struggle, the vast majority of Ukrainians tremendous enthusiasm^TCl confidence of the were forcibly evicted in the late 1940s and moved en students almost guau(fcee success for the new masse to the northern and western reaches of Poland. organization. Desoj0r many deterrents they are For the next 30 years the Ukrainian population and quickly develor^^nto a large and creative student their cultural, religious and organizational life, was movement. severly repressed: a process which has only been slightly reversed in the past year. Now, the sons and daughters of Ukrainians resettled from the region return each summer to spend a few weeks in their parents' homeland. The participants in the Raid tour the area, visiting old Ukrainian villages and the few Ukrainians who were allowed to remain behind. They observe and study the mountain lifestyle and culture of the local people^ most of whom are Lemkos. Of special intere^j^fc the numerous Ukrainian wooden churchagi^any lating from the eighteenth and nin^j^ffri centuri^ and. decorated in traditiona^^zantine style, tfher possible, the hikej^lllffially live with the Ukl villagers, slejpfl^nbarns and haylofts and hell the fajpj^faily chores. This contact with th| TTon is particularly important because |many

STUDENT, November 1981, Page 3 Multiculturalism 10 years after Jars Balan Jim Fleming interview

Jim Fleming, Canada's what we really have to do over Student: Are there any Minister responsible for the next ten years is to make the programs run by the mul- ticultural department aimed at Mutticulturalism was in Win- superstructure envelope" reaching civil servants? nipeg recently to address a everybody. Because right now conference on "Mul- there are a lot of Canadians who don't fully recognize that it's Sure there are. I sit ticulturalism and Educa- Fleming: " based on equity, human rights, at the table, I write letters and tion. social justice, and the rights of say 'y° u don't reflect on that Student: Ten years ago an individual to never be second policy', 'have you considered Prime Minister Trudeau in- class because he isn't on:one the effect that would have on itiated multicultural policy in thing or another. ethnic minorities', 'what are you

country, at that I the and lime doing here'. I go to the cabinet don't imagine the people who Student: Do you think that table when Order-in-Council were charged with implemen- the entire federal bureaucracy appointments are being made

ting it had a very good" idea has become sensitized to the and I'm saying 'I just listened to exactly what to do. Since then issue of multiculturalism? Or twenty names and there was the multicultural idea has been are there still some departments nothing there that indicated to disseminated throughout that somehow think 'well this me a proper mix of the reality of various institutions in our socie- really doesn't relate to us, Canadian society' — though ty. Where do you think it has please don't bother us'? you can play a dangerous game been recognized and where do there too, because marriage you think it still has go? to Fleming: I'm amazed you and names — it's hard to tell. asked that with a straight face. I guess I'm able in a number of ways through my own in- Fleming: I think now that a lot No, I don't think all the federal itiatives to sensitize people to of communities that wondered departments are sensitized to it, whether they had a place in and that's not a big damnation share, who sit around the table Canada or not — and felt they of public servants. They get tied at the Social Development com- should have — have now seen up in their own area of jurisdic- mittee sessions. Alot of the the process and the programs tion. That question is the es- politicians in my party comeout long enough to say 'yea, we are sence of the problem: in socie- of areas where there's a very full players? And we know that. ty, in our major sectors diverse community and they get The problem is a whole lot of including the public service, elected by a whole mix of other Canadians don"t still unfortunately the people there Canadians. So they understand recognize the fundamental (too much at the top) and also it well and they carry it out with policy, which is mul- the thinking there, doesn't their ministers. So sure, it's ticulturalism is not ethnic reflect the real sense of the happening. I'm just saying it's in minority groups, it's not the human mix of this country. And not perfect form by any means. non-anglophone or non- there's a job to be done. What I francophone — it's everybooy. argue is that the job to be done And then you have a set of cannot be done by one person Student: How about other programs within that to deal — / will become a token and an levels og government? Have the with different challenges. excuse for it not to happen. I provincial governments and the

I guess I'd say that if in the must help other people to get up municipal governments taken first ten years we've got the and go to whomever is not up their share of the respon- foundation pretty well laid — doing it right and say 'whyaren't sibility in developing mul- although it always needs a little you doing it right, you aren't ticultural concepts in their ad- Mutticulturalism Minister Jim Fleming adjustment and propping up — reflecting Canada. ' ministrations?

Fleming: it depends on what provincial government and what municipal government you talk about. In our very major cities, where there's a very great mix of people, largely the RachelPratt. record's pretty good. In some of the smaller communities it hasn't moved as rapidly — even though there's a mix, there isn't Small-town girl the same numbers and so on, and the same pressure to recognize the reality. This country developes at different speeds on different roads: that's out to conquer die big city* just its reality. But surely what's fundamental is to get the philosophy recognized and accepted: that multiculturalism is simply the definition of what Pick die winner* Canada is in human resource terms. Then it's to start to priorize in different areas accor- ding to the mix of the problem, what you do about it. As for the provinces — The city Rachel Alberta's a leader; Ontario is coming along very well; Mr. Large cities may not be for everyone. Large cities may not be for everyone. Levesque, as he tries to build his But to Rachel there's no place more excit- But to Rachel there's no place more excit- separate state, suddenly has recognized ing or richer with opportunities. ing or richer with opportunities. the ethnic com- munities after blindness for a Maybe she is little a starry-eyed, but Maybe she is a little starry-eyed, long time; B.C. isshowing some Rachel has a far more worrisome initiatives. But there's still problem. but fortunately for Rachel, she's a realist some distance to go. She's on a social merry-go-round. as well. Her day isn't complete Student: unless she join! She's made some wise choices, in- One last question. her friends for What achievements do you some pub-crawling after work cluding her decision on drinking. Not want to be remembered for in Much too often, pubs lead to parties. She's too often, not too much, is Rachel's your term of office, as the getting too little sleep, eating poori motto. That goes for beer, wine person responsible for mul- and her boss now regrets hiring her or spirits, no matter where ticulturalism? What kind of areas do you want to work in, Rachel thinks it's all a great she is or with whom. specifically? adventure. She forgets why she The interesting thing is, her first came to the city. Truth is, Fleming: if moderate lifestyle hasn't oh. you know I unless she wises up and backs thought that I'd really done ... made Rachel less popular. putting multiculturalism in the away soon, small-town girl Nor has it made the city a constitution as a foundation may very well wind up big- less exciting place. It's just stone, that's something I can city loser. making her stronger. refer and point to as a publicly- elected person, and say 'I'm Strong enough to win. very proud of that'.

If I can do something to really get us to deal and combat with racism, I'd really feel proud D'Htilli n(l- IUS7 about that. If there's something deep down inside me that I'd like to do something about, it's immigrant women, because they can't speak loudly, they're not a political force, and a lot of (Cont'd on Page 15) Page 4: STUDENT, November 1981 "

A Brief Insight Lawrence Budd The Yugoslavian experiment Our century is a century of Yugoslavia. In a typically mis- experimentation and.ofcourse, prisoned and tortured. Marxist-Leninist leading fashion, one source theory. Thus thing, think another and those who experiment meet One would be at fault, of Titoists do a reports that Tito's regime atthis began to insist that third. with varying course, not to acknowledge that Moreover, the Yugoslav degrees of time "seemed the "communism, socialism, and most after the Soviet- Communist Party and its secret success. In large part it Yugoslav break happens orthodox and progressive humanism, although not iden- police of in 1948, there intimidate people in all that unforeseen findings sur- Central were indeed tical, are not European communist essentially walks of life at every face almost as attempts toward decentraliza- different." opportuni- often as the satellite states, Essentially, they ty, the most ad- tion and democratization so as to keep the population expected or sought for ones. vanced on in the argued that Communism the road to complete Yugoslav government is in fear of being declared However, one must concede transformation ap- merely a "transitory period" into a replica of paratus and on enemies of the state, this being that the account you are about the economy. Initially the road from Soviet Union." Stalinism was capitalism to sufficient to meritpunihment by to read is no great revelation, or openly criticized humanism. A former Vice-President of and In this way, com- the severest penalties. perhaps not evena revelation then later defined as a munism They at Yugoslavia, President of the is linked with the too. like Soviet all. What follows "bureaucratic deformation of authorities, is the thought Federal Parliament, emergence of humanism. apply and a socialism and a pragmatist the most modem techni- which haunted me for and This is, several Member of the indeed, a much ques in Politburo and dogmatic revision of the carrying out these years before I basic greater convinced myself Central paradox (if not a joke) Committee, Milovan scientific tenets of Marxism repressions. The system of that it did not happen out of the Djilas and than the contradictory — a man who was im- Leninism." break oppression no longer kills ordinary. It is also true that in with peo- prisoned Stalinism, because once ple outright, under Tito from 1 956- the early fifties Tito but it merely kills I should opened up point out that four 1961 and from — again the practice hs quite the 1962-1966 the borders and allowed humanizing element in factors contributed to the people different than the repeatedly notes that Stalin to travel rhetoric. them. Just as in the Soviet development of "freely" in and out of Despite the opinions never missed an dpportunity the government, party Union, a Yugoslav of the country. It-was during this citizen must expressed in this article: my letting and economic 1) Tito and his com- time that reforms suppress his conscience and recent visit to the so-called , "more Yugoslav Yugoslavia, the munists know that Communists have thoughts and they were humane" reforms and revisions submit to the country whose communist of- not always remained faithful in the same league as he such as and blueprint the state has drawn ficialdome decentralization and still insists daily that was, remain true to the basic for and that their job was to the implementation him. And that is the modern theirs is the freest country of workers' principles in the [earn from the 'Soviet example.' self-management of a totalitarian twentieth century Yugoslav world; 2) the Yugoslav in the system. As media's In 1948, fearing for his own one Yugoslav definition of humanism. historical Yugoslav economy were in- economic assessment of the position of power, Tito turned expert has candidly role of troduced. And the policy of various Yugoslav against Stalin. As one observer observed: "Our self- nationalities "nonalignment" was also sub- durjng the Second points out: "Tito management system is a mix- resented the sequently forged in World War; 3j- this period. ture the Yugoslav domination of his Russian of totalitarianism and regime's crackdown Unfortunately, and contrary to anarchy, on dissent* Communist Party comrades but, it is the best we and most many interpretations in the have." of all 4) malicious and the tendency of the Russian A professor of political Sorry comments West that these efforts marked sciences presented to the secret police to treat Yugoslavia at Zagreb University an "unorthodox approach to world in -most Western books, as a subordinate the recently commented that the satrapy." Quite development of communism," studies and articles concerning Yugoslav Communist Party The Student collective simply put, the Yugoslav leader these reforms were Yugoslavia. nothing "morally and ideologically wishes to apologize for wanted to be head of his own more than attempts the It is well-known, by pleads for anti-Stalinist following "author for in- state, and thus refused to share alter- credit" stance, Yugoslav communists to solve natives, omissions that the Yugoslav Com- but in practice it is from the October power with Stalin. After all, he two key problems: munist Party 1) how to keeping its 1981 issue: has a monopoly on believed in self-managementall state structure, "Students in Poland political (re)define communism, and 2) administrative unite" written power — i.e., elections his life potentials and by Anhalena „t how to bolster the provide a hundred economically comprehensive Szuch. "Refugee status percent vote This split in the monolith possibilities denied of bankrupt state. While the students" irv support of the Communist 'international Asked what he ultimately meant written by Mark communism was, Titoists failed to find Party. Secondly, a viable by this jargon, he replied: Ferbey, "Student: Moving Yugoslavia of course, welcomed by the solution "In Up maintains to the latter, they did Yugoslav terminology and On m the World" a federal structure West. As a result, Tito state written by became manage to establish a definition administration Mark Ferbey, comprising six socialist ' the friend of the West and its means "SUSK Eastern and the of the former. In order to republics, which is are synonyms for Conference Report" written to say it is a "symbol of Eastern Europe's successfully Stalinistic by multinational state. present administration, dominance Olga Sochan, and for "Kolumn- And thirdly, yearning for freedom and in- and themselves to the world in a new Yugoslavia enforces state dependence," coercion." eyka — Counting The Con- as one "cham- light, i.e., as a "democratic" economic planning. pion of There is a widespread and tradictions" written by human rights," former society, they were forced These three to accepted practice in Yugoslavia Lawrence Kinakin. basic facts U.S. President Jimmy Carter, revolutionize alone are more traditional for the authorities to than sufficient later described him. Tito's say one to demonstrate that Yugoslavia defiance of Stalin led to what is ruled by a dictatorship and eventually became a that freedom or liberty in the widespread practice in the Western sense does not exist in West: essentially, anyone who this 37 "freest country in the declares independence from world." Three additional details Moscow is immediately further support the implicit characterized as a champion of argument that Yugoslavia has freedom and a friend of the modelled itself on the Soviet West. Many fail to see that with Union, an argument which I Tito's betrayal of Stalin a very intend to reinforce with my paradoxical turn of events took observations on the social and place. Tito's break with political life of that country. Moscow, and particularly with

Essentially, I want to make the Stalin, did not imply a break UKRAINIAN () case that this satellite country with communism. What is more, not only established a com- Tito never parted with Stalinism munist system based on the as a philosophy, but rather CREDIT UNION model of the LTD. motherland of employed it as a key element in communism, but also building the road towards his developed ite own brand of goal of "self-management." In Stalinism. other words, Tito developed brief A historical summary what might be described as a of who the former Yugoslav Yugoslav brand of Stalinism, or leader was and how he attained Titoist-Stalinism. the highest posts in the This paradox is more real Yugoslav Communist Party and profound than it seems at provides me with a convenient first glance. For the longest point of departure as well as time, as we know, communist : shedding some light on the ideology was identified totally : topic at hand. It is a 3635 Cawthra Rd. well-known with the Soviet Union. Hence, 297 College St. 2397 Bloor St. W„ fact that Tito spent a good the international communist Toronto^Ont., Toronto, Ont., portion of his life serving Stalin movement condemned (. . as ) a Comintern 1S2 official. Accor- Yugoslav Communists for 5 ding 272-0468 762-6961 to Tito's own public 'revisionism and ruffianism.' 922-1402 acknowledgement, he was not Under pressure of such charges chosen by the Yugoslav Com- the Yugoslav leadership felt 922-2797 munists as "their leader; rather, strongly obliged to Stalin entrusted him with the demonstrate its fidelity to com- highest function in the munist principles and decrees. Yugoslav Communist Party in Thus, it was only after the break 1935. This, of course, was well with Stalin that complete before the establishment of the orthodox Stalinization was in- modern Yugoslav state and its troduced and enforced in monolithic power. Tito came to Yugoslavia. In the ensuing power in the early 1 940's thanks internal purges in Yugoslavia, to both the military help of the typically Stalinist methods were British and Americans and the employed by Tito to con- entry of the into solidate his hold on power. He Yugoslavia. In 1943 he was denounced and betrayed his declared marshal, and colleagues in the Yugoslav Commander-in-chief of the Communist Party leadership; army and head'of state. Tito not he liquidated all political op- only held all of these titles and position; he brutally persecuted functions until hid death in religious believers, exter- 1980, but even more telling, in minating or imprisoning hun- 1972 Tito had himself proclaim- dreds of Catholic clergymen; ed the "president of state with and he introduced such terrible an unlimited term of office." prisons as Stara Gradiska, Goli — It 1s not widely-known that otok and Lepoglava — in the immediate post-waryears modelled on Soviet concentra- Tito unleashed an un- tion camps — where thousands precedented reign of. terror in of political prisoners were im-

STUDENT, November 1981, Page S Georgians Protest A Case of Arrested Potatoes The Marinov Plan Drahomanov Returns

Dr. Stefan Marinov, the Mykhailo Drahomanov, the Two hundred Georgians Russians are getting all Purchasing Office', where he Bulgarian dissident scientist leading Ukrainian political took to the streets on 12 Oc- steamed up about what Izvestia received half of what he had claims to have disproved tober to protest Russification in newspaper has called the case paid for them. who thinker of the'nineteenth cen- Einstein's theory of relativity, tury, rehabilitated in the their republic. The demonstra- of the arrested potatoes. Most "We have 60 roubles miss- is being has gone one better. He now tion took place m Mshketa, just of them think it's highway ing from the family budget and Ukrainian SSR. Since 1972, achieved the outside the Georgian capital of robbery. N. Kazmin of Rostov no potatoes," Mr. Kazmin com- claims to have when Petro Shelest was ousted alchemists' ancient dream of Tbilisi. About a thousand province in southern , plained. His letter to Izvestia as party secretary, no works discovering and sure Georgians had demonstrated in the owner of the missing was backed, up by people with an easy favorable to Drahomanov have rich. Marinov has in Tbilisi itself this past March. In potatoes, is boiling with anger, similar stories to tell — not just way of getting appeared the Soviet Ukrai- in a full- 1978 a large demonstration in according to his letter of com- about carloads but about whole revealed his method nian press. On 16 October, in the Tbilisi had demanded that plaint in the government daily. truckloads of potatoes page advertisement however Literaturna Ukraina journal Nature. It is Georgian be recognized in the Mr. Kazmin, unable to buy a "arrested" by the police. scientific published an article by Serhii sealed constitution as trie national stock of potatoes for the winter A trade union leader from simply to write letters, Bilokin' which broke the ban on Soviet language. (Globe & Mail, 26 in his own drought-hit province, eastern Ukraine complained with red wax, to the Drahomanov. Bilokin' refers to dissident Sakharov, who as> "the brilliant October 1981, p. 2.) drove north in his car at the end that he had sent a truck to Andrei Drahomanov of August into neighbouring Gomel province in Byelorussia was to have been patron of an philologist, profound Cause to Voronezh province. He bought to buy potatoes for his con- international scientific con- ethnographer, wonderful 216 kilos of potatoes for 125 struction workers. But on the ference organized by Marinov historian .... one of the oustan- dollars) in a private way home the truck was in 1 977. Twenty days before the ding activists of his time"; he Confiscate roubles (1 80 peasant market and headed for stopped by the police and its conference was to start 'the also quotes Mykhailo Pavlyk's home. But on his way out of the cargo seized. "The truck has Bulgarians committed Marinov c ha racte rizati on of The Polish industrial city of village was stopped by a been standing there three to a psychiatric clinic and sent Drahomanov as "the leading Katowice became the focal he police sergeant who con- weeks and the potatoes are telegrams to intending par- modern Ukrainian cultural point of government-Solidarity fiscated his driving licence. He starting to spoil," he told ticipants explaining that the figure and politician." The conflict in September when the and his wife were taken to the Izvestia. conference was postponed for rehabilitation of Drahomanov authorities confiscated the station. A truck driver, sent to "fear of an earthquake". confirms that the Shcherbytsky local Solidarity bulletin for its "On what basis are we Gomel province from Rostov to Marinov, who has lived in regime is seriously pursuing a allegedly anti-Soviet content. being detained?" Mr. Kazmin find potatoes, was forced by the since leaving the clinic, rapprochement with the Ukrai- The Western press was not very demanded. He was told the authorities to sell those which says his letters to Sakharov are nian intelligentsia. (See Roman specific about why the bulletin Chairman of the local town he had bought for 30 kopecks a never delivered. He insures Solchanyk, "Literaturna was censored, but a Tass report council had ordered the police kilo for a mere twelve in return. them at a cdst of just over £2 Ukraina on M. P. Drahomanov: of 24 September provided these to stop all vehicles carrying And a group of workers from each. After about six months The First Step towards details: "It published openly potatoes and force the drivers Kirovograd, in central Ukraine, the Italian postal service pays Rehabilitation?" Radio Liberty provocative materials in which to sell the arrested vegetables to unlucky. him insurance of about £170 for Research, RL 425/81, 27 events connected with the were even more They Oc- the state. Mr. Kazmin refused, paid 25 kopecks for their each undelivered item. Marinov tober 1981.) liberation of the peoples of says he is 'about to buy a Western Ukraine and Western and went with two otherdrivers, potatoes and were told to sell whose potatoes had also been them for eight. splendid villa on the Italian Byelorussia are examined in a impounded, to tackle the town Izvestia published the coast on the proceeds. false light." council Chairman in person. letters without comment. But If his method should now "When Comrade Pisarev Izvestia's decision to air the be adopted by a few million learned why we had come, he writers' grievances suggested people, he adds, it could *4 started shouting at us, called us that Soviet authorities believed bankrupt the Soviet Union, who speculators and used all kinds the complaints were justified. have to reimburse the Italians; lead of coarse language. I looked at A large proportion of the Soviet to the USSR's expulsion him and could not believe that a potato crop, a staple food in from the international postal representative of Soviet power many areas, is grown and sold union; or mean the sack for could behave like that," Mr. privately. But last year's harvest thousands of KGB agents in Kazmin wrote to Izvestia. When was a disaster and potatoes Russian post offices, and the the Council Chairman shouted, have been in short supply this normal delivery of post to Soviet citizens. "Get out of my office or I shall year as well. have you all locked up," Mr. [Reuter, 3 October 1981, as (from The Times of London, 2 Kazmin admitted defeat. He reported by John Morrison) October 1981) took his potatoes to the State

Book review Marcela Pap A 'do it yourself guide to Hungary Zeno, the lather of dialectics, would not need visit Hungary for a comfortable — even luxurious — Kenedi talks about the "state-lorry driver." He to worry about finding holiday. paradoxes today: they But what tourists see in Hungary is hardly the probably makes about 4000 forints (the official rete of exist in abundance. }ie would whole story. be hard put, As Kenedi says at the beginning of his exchange today is 30 forints to the American dollar), indeed, to find situation's which are book: is not paradox- "No part of this story true. Just the whole of it." but this is not a real indication of comparable wealth or ical. The theory of accumulation Certainly which is derived he presents a picture that is compelling, poverty. He also siphons off gasoline from his truck and from Zeno's dialectics has its counterpart in amusing, and a bit sad. my sells it on the side. "Nobody's allowed to pay 10,000 theory of "permanent shortage." This It is theory Do Yourself based on Kenedi's own personal forints to a driver — that's a director's salary. But they prevented me from succumbing to the experience attractions of "how he built his house." Sounds simple have to. Below8,000 forints you wouldn't find a monkey of the "philosophy of concrete" pursued by the enough — but it's not. The house could only be built by to sit in the driver's seat." The question is — how is this commune, and, at the same time, helped using to the "hidden" economy, or, I me as have heard it contradiction overcome? Kenedi explains that his acquire what existed or did not exist (as the case called more often, the "secondary" economy. What employer "knowingly" gives drivers lose in miserly may be) / grew up on dialectics and I exactly is the hidden economy? owe a Well, in Hungary most wages, they gain on the swings of freely flowing petrol." debt of gratitude to its inventor, Zeno, that! have people work in the first economy — large state The black market is as viable here as it is elsewhere in been able to find my way through the paradoxes enterprises, co-operative farms and big state farms. As the world. People need to supplement their official of contradictory true statements, as laid down by the book says: incomes! the law of dialectics. Unlike so many of my Author Janos Kenedi is a well-known figure in the contemporaries who were unable to make us of In the Hungarian political economy all enter- Hungarian opposition. He and Maria Papp live in the doctrine, I have not lost my faith in dialectical prises are, in theory, state-owned. However, to Budapest, though both are blacklisted from work. He materialism. Scarce goods can be conceived of compensate for the built-in inflexibilities of large edited Profile, one of the first (1978) samizdat as a moving body which neither moves where it is organizations — especially in the services sector publications in Hungary, which in featured partial essays existence, nor is at rest where it is in ex- — individual craft workers and artisans are and poetry, short stories and anecdotes. In August 1980 istence allowed to operate under certain condition's. Kenedi was one of seven Hungarians prevented from They are fully licensed by local authorities, but travelling to Poland to express support for Solidarity. heavily taxed and not permitted to employ more To quote British reviewer Do it Yourself: Hungary's Hidden Economy, Joe" Singleton, "to join the by Janos than a few helpers — "exploitation of labour" Kenedi. small band of unemployable dissenters in Hungary is having been abolished London: Press, 198 not an insignificant achievement." Quite simply, Do it yourself makes excellent This in turn, has given rise to contractors, go- reading. It's full of the irony we all need when get Hungary's "hidden economy is not so hidden any we betweens, people who oil the contacts between closeted away more. At least not since this with our own causes and good deeds. hilarious account of how state firms, individual operators and final Certainly, every activist might take to heart the bribery, back-door dealing and knowing the "right customers. following tongue-in-cheek remark by the author: "I people" have come to play such an important role in the could find pleasure less spiritual than the rewards daily life of the majority of wage-earners in this of socialist These kinds of people work in the hidden doing economy but good: I could smoke long cigar.s or joints — land. Hungary has a curious reputation in the world — what is most unique about this is that they we don't know are, in the maybe they would offer a vision of a better world." much about it. We know that it is part of main, already "officially" employed by the first Despite the lurking pessimist what we calf Eastern Europe (although Hungarians economy, inside Kenedi, he the "state sector." Moreover, these workers concludes that the authorities insist that it is part of Central just might "take to heart Europe) , But also we know depend in large measure onr what we have heard that it is my experiences as related here and recognize the more "liberal" than, the rest of the "Bloc" referred to "the black market." Let me give you an maxim that when you close countries. Many tourists from} the West, for example, one door, another will example. invariably open." Page 6: STUDENT, November 1981 A report on a minority . . . Peregrinas On Romania's

Ukrainians . . Ukrainians in Romania are southwest. The Ukrainians in tion the third largest national of the work of a local Dobrudja are descendents of minority in Ukrainian poet named that still ethnically Zaporozhian who Ivan heterogeneous country Kovach (Kovaci). (about moved to the region after the .11 percent of Romania's Ukrainian-language 23 destruction of the Sich in 1775; million inhabitants education in post-war Romania are not in Dobrudja, which was then Romanian; the began with the school reform largest minority part of Turkey, the Cossacks of is the Magyars, 1948. Since then there have followed by the established the so-called Germans). been established a chair The exact number of Transdanubian (Zadunais'ka) of Ukrainians in and Romania is dif- Sich.The6,000 or so Ukrainians ficult to establish. Ukraine: A literature at the University of who live in the Banat are the Bucharest, Concise Encyclopedia es- three lycea (secon- descendents of migrant wood- dary • The Ukrainian community timated that 120,000 Ukrainians schools), a few teachers' in Canada took another sten cutters. colleges forward recently with the appointment lived there in 1971, but official and a network of of the firs? UknLn \an The Ukrainian-language primary chance lor a major Canadian Romanian statistics from 1956 schools. Ukrainians p university, Mr. Pe er Sava^n a^ press in Romania is represented have the Edmonton lawyer, Ukrainian had recorded only 68,252 Ukrai- right to take university community activist and the former by the fortnightly newspaper president of the nian inhabitants. entrance exams in their native Alberta Progressive Conservatfve Party Recently, in a Novyi vik named wis (New Age), which is language. to the prestitigious post at seminar at the Canadian In- According to Dr the University of Alberta. published in Bucharest. Mostof Antochi, Romania stitute of Ukrainian Studies in published 19 / lining up at the paper is filled with accounts new Edmonton (29 September school text books last year of the achievements of Com- parking tickets; and 1981), Dr. losif Antochi, In 1981 over 2,000 children for "^'^^^. rade Nicolae Ceausescu and is ^ professor of education attended Ukrainian at the geared to nurturing loyalty to University kindergartens, and h ula CBC radi of Bucharest, cited a 8.648 P°P : ° show "Sunday Morning" recently the Romanian Socialist attended carried™JJ anJt, figure of 60,000 Ukrainian elementary interesting report on a three-da^ novel Ukrainians Republic. One can find very competition currently schools (grades 1-8); sponsored by one of Canada's more residing in Romania. little there unusual publishing houses in the publication about ' 9 According were 1,257 day students and S PUlP PreSS ThiS year s w,nnin to Dr. Antochi ' ' e " tr amon me two the nature of Ukrainian life in 206 hund3^ h 9 V g about hall of evening students in the S W3S 3 ^nty-two Page work authored Romania's Romania, or about Soviet mandmorv ,h 'h" in the Ukrainian lycea, and 908 in f da> Pe by Ukrainians are dispersed in the ," °" 3 Wln nipeg native named Ray Ukraine. The only real f local Ukrainian industrial 1„ L„ L of vears various cities across the coun- lyceum. Of „ a 9° nad a short story titled "Baba" color is provided in the rather 78 Ukrainians ? ed ?°Ude try. The rest are attending Roma- "' (Ju "e 1978) T,tled concentrated in interesting literature - Accordion Lessons, section of nian universities, 28 berwylosSe™5l„ hastily-writtenI" f epic four regions: (1) near Suceava the were study- is set in Winnipeg's north end paper. There is also a ing Ukrainian Ukrainian ghetto (part of the former Austrian language and and relates a university professor's nostalgic Ukrainian-language publishing literature. reminisces about province of Bukovina); Dr. Antochi also good old beer-and- days in the (2) in the house in Romania 'community called noted that there berwylo is himself a Maramures region (formerly part were 31 Ukrai- frustrated accordionist who wishes the Kriterion. Kriterion's main focus nian students instrument was of Hungary); in the enrolled in Roma- more highly regarded and yearns (3) Danu- is literature in the Ukrainian to see it- bian region nian technical institutes interpreting jazz. His novel is going to be published known as Dobrudja; language, but in March by recently it has (polytechnica). e are Presently and (4) in the Banat in the !?' arranging to give Student readers published a Romanian transla- a, sneakJL.tf preview of by ncluding an. excerpt in our December ...... p.: issue.

• "The Indian ^ a's Ethnic" article in the previous issue of Student, is a revised version of an article which originally appeared in the Edmonton Journal in 1975. It is part of a collection of essays by George Melnyk to be published in December under the title Radical Regionalism. The book will be available (for S6 95 paper) through Newest Press at #204 - 10711 - 107 Avenue, Edmonton Alberta, T5M 0W6.

ra ' nian pare !s re 0,!en upse! wnen their sixteen-year n „ , .?, J w«\,=H PU a d '° " pe !nat 13 Ukrainian parents ,n the wit, n . '!?£ ? - tne ,eelln ' s different, as is evident ,n i- , toZL^n'SV*?!the following dirty taken from a Soviet Ukrainian children's book Indeed, little Liana-Marijuanochka, barely old enouqh kindergarten, tor is held up as model "pusher" for her friends" Liana-Konoplianochka Liana has a squirrel and kitten, i-iana also has a bear cub. Liana brings them joy, Out of the goodness of her heart, And feeds them in the morning.

The goldfinches have' named her Liana-Marijuanochka, Because she would give them hemp And water in a glass.

That's how they livetf; She fed them and rolled them up. But what happened.suddenly? • . . and a minority repo Istuan Gyongosy She - got - things - mixed - up! She mixed-up everything; She quickly gave milk to the squirrel. A . . and on handful of hemp to the bear cub, Romania's Some nuts to the kitten And a bowl of honey Because Liana got excited (i.e., high) Romanians She rushed off to kindergarten For the first time, An interesting feature of and linguistic evidence, and the to resemble more and more the In the morning. today's Romania, is what one destruction of archeologicai monarchs of pre-war resident has Romania. described as its finds (e.g., of 9th-century The slogans on streets and You can find the original in Chubaryky - Chubchyky by "increasingly fascistic Hungarian horse graves.) factories now read "Glory to Volodymyr Kolomnets (Kiev Veselka, 1980, p. 8), but the original character", i.e., "fascist" in the Extreme nationalism is also Ceaucescu and his Party". This interpretation is entirely our own. strict sense of the word, not in displayed in official poetry. One year a th ree-h u nd red page the loose sense used to anthology, "Hymn to the Roma- book, entitled simply Omagio, • This fall while Ukrainians describe any oppressive were celebrating the 90th anniversary nian Land", includes nationalist saw light of their settlement system. the of day, dealing m Canada, a somewhat more sombre anniver- Extreme nationalism poetry praising the "glorious sary was with, of course, "comrade" being commemorated in southern Saskatchewan and chauvinism, especially two-thousand year-old Fifty past of Ceaucescu. COal mir ' against the "7 re Strike involving many immigrant ethnic minorities the Romanian nation" (in nearly Ukrainianu?,'L!S?\ I To complete the trend labourers took palce in the town of Estevan (Hungarians, Germans, every A poem that phrase, or a towards fascism (Nationalism, demonstration march from nearby Beinfait Ukrainians, etc.) has been afact to Estevan on 29 variant of it, is used). One Chauvinism, glorification of the September 1931 was broken up of life since by .police who fired upon the Ceaucescu'sascent particularly interesting strikers. poem leader), the anthem of the "Iron When the smoke cleared, two miners (Julian Hryshko to power in the 1 960s. Since that and uses a fallacious image of a poet Cross" (the -WWII Roma- Nick Narvan) lay dead in the street, time, Hungarian and and a third (Peter Markareus) German reflecting on his racial past: he nian Fascist party) died later from wounds (Saxon) school was received in the encounter. The memory of children {whose is sitting on the sturdy the fallen strikers reinstated last year as the was honoured recently by the erection of ancestors have been living in a small shoulders of his peasant father, National Hymn — with achang- in Estevan, and the staging of Transylvania for a new play by Rex Deverall almost a thou- who in Black ." turn sits -on the ed text. The kindergarten-age Dust. Estevan 1931 It was performed by sand years) have become used the Globe Theatre shoulders of his peasant father, "falcons", {militaristic and of Regina, during a national theatre conference to being labelled barbarian and festival It and- so on, all of which forms a nationalistic seems unfortunate that the : childrens' groups memory of these and other "victims' of invaders, oppressors or in- "glorious column reaching two- organized by the state) have Canada is "sually ignored during "celebrations" truders in their school history thousands MifJi?, , ,'.? of years in the also resumed wearing the settlement. Perhaps it . has something to do with the fact books, while being taught a heavens" ,h=,hat the, — a kind of updated tricolour uniform of the Roma- tombstones of the dead strikers bore the blunt version of the history of the inscription version of the Bremes Stadt- nian Fascists. Monuments to Murdered by the R.C.M.P." - later nation chiselted off by the police in the Romanian — the Daco- musikanten. But the interests of regime important Romanian Fascists, maintaining their image as defenders of "iustice" Continuity 1( e " Roman theory — ' does not stop at racial glorifica- such as the museum dedicated private property). ' that has very little scientific tion. For several years now, to the winter Octavian Goga (a substantiation. This theory, Ceaucescu has taken to being minister in the Iron Cross The Edmonton Ukrainian Sports Club is planning a variety "proving" the "two-thousand photographed wearing the government), are becoming of activities that should be of interest to many Edmonton-area year-old" history of the Roma- tricolor sash and holding the commonplace. The only step residents. From 4-6 December they'll be hosting a chess and nian nation, is official policy in staff of state (i.e., sceptre). remaining to complete the checker tournament open to the public each evening after6 p.m. at "socialist" Romania and no Since he appointed himself process would be to revise the Norwood's Narodni Dim Hall. And on 31 December they're staging holds are barred in proving its president as well as First official "communist" ideology a New Year's Dance at the same location featuring music by tenets, including the falsifica- Secretary of the Romanian to conform to the increasingly Dumka. Tickets cost $20 per person and are limited in number; you tion of archeologicai, historical Communist Party he has begun "fascistic" reality. can order them by calling the Student office at 424-5218 or phoning Fedir Petrychkowych at 453-2506 if you speak Ukrainian.

STUDENT, November 1981, Page 7 UKRAINIAN : ONTARK

October was a big month for lovers of runaways. To their surprise, the Sultan's edict with Irena Welhasch's portrayal of Oksana in the Ukrainian opera in Southern Ontario, as the gives permission for the villagers to return to Hamilton production being especially Canadian Ukrainian Opera Association premiered Ukraine. Karas explains that he had warned the memorable. (Unfortunately, this was not the case its production of S. Hulak-Artemovsky's major Sultan that the Cossacks would revolt if they were in Toronto. It was announced that both she and work, Zaporozhets za Dunaiem. The company not granted their liberty. The villagers all thank Hanna Kolesnyk were under the weather but had performed before a near capacity crowd at God for their good fortune and a betrothal consented to perform anyhow). Hamilton Place on 18 October, and before a full ceremony then takes place. The opera concludes In fact, on the whole, the Toronto perfor- house at Toronto's O'Keefe Centre on 29 October. with a traditional . mance was weaker than the presentation in The action of the opera is set on the banks of In reviewing the Canadfan Ukrainian Opera Hamilton. Not only were both female soloists the Danube, circa 1800, where the Zaporozhian Association's production of Zaporozhets za indisposed, but the acoustics at the O'Keefe Cossacks and other Ukrainians are living in exile Dunaiem, one is faced with a dilemma. Does one Centre also worked against the show there. The under the rule of the Turkish Sultan. The central compare this production with the standard ceiling above the stage is much higher, with the in character is| Ivan Karas (Leonid .Skjrko), who amateur Ukrainian productions usually staged result that it was more difficult to fill the O'Keefe spends much time trying to cope with his nagging community halls, or does one judge according to auditorium with sound than it was at Hamilton wife, Odarka (Hanna Kolesnyk). Karas dreams of standards that one would use in reviewing a Place. This hampered both the soloists and the returning to Ukraine. Their adopted daughter, professional production by the Metropolitan or chorus, which, for the most part, performed well. Oksana (Irena Welhasch), also wishes to return to Canadian Opera Company? Using the former One cannot, however, say the same about the Ukraine together with her sweetheart, Andriy criteria, the periformance was an unqualified orchestra. The Hamilton Philharmonic Orchestra (Bohdan Chaplynsky). success. Using the latter criteria, there were performed in a decidedly unpolished and lifeless One day, the Sultan (David Varjabed) visits problems with the Canadian Ukrainian Opera manner, despite conductor Wolodymyr Karas' village in disguise in order to better Association's presentation. . Kolesnyk's attempts to inject spark and zest into understand the Cossacks' true feelings. He meets The resolution of this dilemma is not as simple the orchestral numbers. Karas, who tells him of Cossack heroism in as it may appear at first glance. While we should The largest problems with the production battles. The stranger offers Karas an opportunity encourage all efforts towards professionalism, it is were the acting and the staging. The soloists sang to attend the festival, the Mohammedan which also easy to be overly-critical. Many of those their arias and delivered their lines in a wooden Sultan himself is supposed to attend. Karas leaves involved in this production were not manner, and there wereafew cases of over-acting for the festival dressed as a Turk named Urhan. professionals. They should be commended for in the fashion typical of most performances of Meanwhile, Oksana and Andriy have decided undertaking such a massive venture in the first Ukrainian plays. There was one notable excep- to escape to Ukraine under cover of darkness. A place and doing a reasonably competent job in the tion, however: Maksym Kolesnyk's portrayal of Turkish patrol sees them and gives pursuit. process. Selikh-Aga, the Sultan's advisor was absolutely Karas returns from the festival and decides to Bearing in mind this qualification, the delightful. He played the character with extreme tell his wife Odarka that he is no longer a Cossack remainder of this review will attempt to judge the ease and smoothness, and evoked much laughter but a Turk, that he intends to and start a harem. production according to the second set of criteria, from the audience in the process. Odarka complains bitterly fate, about her when in the belief that constructive criticism can only The staging was also unsophisticated. To the Turkish soldiers and an emissary arrive with aid us, as a hromada, towards attaining true quote one Toronto critic: "the staging.. ..was in the their captives, Oksana and Andriy. All the villagers professionalism in all our endeavours. traditional stand-and-deliver style, with the huge are summoned to hear the penalty for the Vocally, the production was quite satisfying, chorus looking very much like a huge chorus and A SECOND LOOK AT

"I won't believe it until I get on that plane," climax of the Hopak. Indeed, isn't it interesting said Anatoly Avdievsky this spring, but this time, that "Stepom, stepom" has become so popular in Veryovka did make it to Canada. Canada when it is really about a Red Army soldier From most points of view, the recent Veryovka and not a nationalist partisan.... tour was a great success though this opinion In the performances which I saw in Eastern probably wouldn't be shared by the picketers who Canada, Veryovka presented six . Each handed out. leaflets and paraded with signs as the show opened with Pryvitalnia, which employs a huge audiences crowded through the doors I do potpourri approach in featuring dancers dressed however, think the picketers did every concert- in costumes from various regions of Ukraine, goer a valuable service: their "non-hooligan" style together in a single dance. One regional style after of protest reminded us about Afghanistan, Soviet another is briefly given the spotlight in this oppression and the propagandistic aspects of the unoriginal dance. It was done before by Pavlo town. And these facts should not be forgotten. Virsky in My z Ukrainy, and by numerous other Still, I bought tickets for shows in Toronto Soviet and Canadian choreographers following (Massey Hall), Kitchener and Hamilton. I do sigh his lead. One notable segment featured heavily the when I think of the thirty-seven dollars I dancers ringing hand-bells in time to "/ u contributed to the capitalists who brought haiu, pry Dunaiu." Originally choreographed in Veryovka to Canada and the communists who by a man named Petryk, Bells can be seen in sent them. Culture and politics cannot be the old video Ukraino pisnia moia, which has separated. been around for years. Before the customary offering of Whenever Veryovka performs in Soviet bread and salt, Veryovka's dance of welcome also Ukraine, the concert invariably opens with a predictably included a Transcarpathian section couple of odes to Lenin and the Party. The second and, of course, a little Hopak to get the audience half features a few Russian selections: "After all warmed up. comrades, the art must reflect our glorious Holubka, the second dance, was socialist and internationalist era, da?" Actually choreographed by Yaroslav Chuperchuk. In "Kalinka" and a Russian fplk dance had been addition to being recognized for his own perfor- programmc-d for the group's second act on the ming talent, Chuperchuk earned his artistic Canadian tour, but being smart politicians and reputation by directing the ensemble Halychyna businessmen (perhaps even anticipating the in Lviv, which is known foritshighlyethnographic picketers) they avoided provocation and offered a style. Chuperchuk took themes and steps from the display consisting strictly of Ukrainian music village and tried to capture their characteristic song and dance, including some of their qualities, expanding and amplifying them for the folksiest' material. They even pulled the stage. We; in Canada, have not been exposed Kolomyika by Vienna's to Andrij Hnatyshyn out of very much of this their kind of material, and thus many archives. If only soloist Nina Matvienko people could have giggled self-consciously when the men come with the group, it could have waddled into lines, shaking their heads and been said that they sent us their best. It would have grinning. Another memorable theatrical moment taken a very keen listener to pick out the was the entrance of the women. Even the music an sl ( Bols nevik fighters of the flon \ l , early seemed to tiptoe as they glided diagonally across 1920s) m the last verse of "Ne hrymy, v stepakh the stage, arms back and chins forward, just like hudut, and a few bars of "Slava, slava " in the real holubky (that is "doves," or "little darlings") Page 8: STUDENT, November 1981 TARIO STYLE Dana Boyko trayal of Oksana in the the principals heading forthe footlights." One had being especially the distinct impression that the chorus could not /, this was not the case sing unless it was standing in a reasonable iced that both she and facsimile of a standard choir set-up. In Hamilton er the weather but had this problem was compounded by a stage that was flow). not quite large enough to fit the entire chorus i, the Toronto perfor- comfortably, giving the impression of a mob scene i the presentation in at times. The O'Keefe's larger stage was able to both female soloists accommodate all the players more comfortably istics at the O'Keefe The opera could have benefited from some st the show there. The editing as well. Some of the passages of spoken much higher, with the dialogue were interminably long. And the decision icult to fill the O'Keefe to. end the opera with a hopak could also be an it was at Hamilton questioned. Ending the opera with a dance h the soloists the and number, even the hopak, proved to be an anti- ;t part, performed well, elimax, especially since in this production we say the same about the already were entertained with two hopaks in the hilharmonic Orchestra second act, making the finale somewhat redun- inpolished and lifeless dant. Moreover, the Yavir Dance Ensemble looked ductor ' Wolodymyr decidedly out of place in the opera- the ;ct spark and zest into by Bob Wojchehowsky seemed better suited to a Caravan pavillion than to the with the production village setting of Zaporozhets. Their performance ging. The soloists sang raised the question: which came first — the neir lines in a wooden choreography or the music? !w cases of over-acting Notwithstanding these criticisms, audiences nost performances of at both performances were treated to some is one notable excep- excellent . On the whole, both olesnyk's portrayal of presentations were enjoyable and Emil Telizyn's dvisor was absolutely set design was first-rate. The Canadian Ukrainian haracter with extreme Opera Association is to be congratulated for evoked much laughter taking on the challenge of such a major produc- rocess. tion. One can only hope that they will continue ) unsophisticated. To and build on the experience they have gained in he staging.. ..was in the staging first Kupalo and now Zaporozhets za style, with the huge Ounaiem. like a huge chorus and

Andrij Nahachewsky C AT VERYOVKA ed, isn't it interesting In keeping with ethnographically-correct prac- the original because they do not present the sich become so popular in tise, Chuperchuk used spoken verses in the and the character roles with the same theatrical jut a Red Army soldier production, thereby adding a new dimension to explicitness. Although the mime and blocking an.... the characters created by the male and female lacked clarity at several points in the Veryovka 'hich I saw in Eastern performers. This technique is virtually non- rendition, the dance did succeed in projecting a ted six dances. Each existent in in Canada, although great deal of energy and the audience responded nia, which employs a Holubka and other dances from Halychyna's enthusiastically to it. jring dancers dressed repertoire have been documented in publications Overall, the solos and technical movements . regions of Ukraine, (See, Kiev Mystetstvo 1972, 215 pp) were well executed and much more highly- )ne regional style after Maryna, the third dance, was originally a polished than comparable Canadian efforts. A the spotlight in this khorovod from the' Kupalo ritual in central slippery floor marred Veryovka's performance at lone before by Pavlo Ukraine. The stage version follows fairly closely Massey Hall, but no such problems were en- d by numerous other the dance as it was recorded in an ethnographic countered in Kitchener and Hamilton, where the eographers following study. It was first published by Hryhory Hryhoriev shows were superb. Of course, excellent vocal sgment featured the in his Zbirnyk ukrainskykh narodnykh tantsiv support from the choir and the variety of costum- in waltz time to "/ u (Kiev, 1957), and later reprinted in New York and ing added a great deal to the total effect. My choreographed in in both editions of Humeniuk's Ukrains'kii narodni The second half of the concert opened with <, Bells can be seen in tantsi (Kiev, 1962, 1969). Veryovka's choir Clara Balog's Boikivski Zabavy. Balog is the long- mo/a, which has been members actually performed the dance as they time dance director of the Zakarpatskyi khor, and customary offering of sang, very much in the original folk style. like Chuperchuk, she is one of those rare lance of welcome also Avdievsky presented Maryna in low light, with choreographers who still deals primarily with folk nscarpathian section women sitting downstage holding candles and material, preseting it in an authentic form. She is ik to get the audience vinky (wreaths). Adding to the ritualistic concept fortunate to live in Uzhorod, where remnants of was the appearance of figures representing life- the old Transcarpathian folk culture are still to be ond dance, was spring, and death-autumn. Around both of these found, having already disappeared in most other lav Chuperchuk. In figures was a ring of girls, moving lyrically and areas. id for his own perfor- balletically in long, pale sorochky. The symbols Authenticity was somewhat spoiled, however, earned his artistic obviously related to the cult of Ivjaryna, but we when the women did full turns in the final melody ensemble Halychyna would have understood its subtleties better had of the dance and revealed they were wearing tiny s highly ethnographic seen it in we context. Reportedly, Avdievsky pidtychky (slips). I suppose that's showbiz. It les steps and from the created an entire Kupalo folk opera- which would be fascinating to compare Balog's e their characteristic was completed right up to the last technical choreography to that of Mykola Zhukovin, who iplifying them forthe rehearsal before it was scrapped. One suspects has used thesame music, butthatof course, could not been exposed to the images of these mysterious figures derive from take an entire article in itself. Ue'rial, thus and many this source. Oledsiy Homin, the director Veryovka's dance susly when the men The men also had their chance on the floor, troupe choreographed their next dance, the ng their heads and while presenting their Zaporozhets, which was Kozachok. The sharavary and plakhty were ile theatrical moment Kolinin. choreographed by L. Of course, this is a brown, a colour seldom seen in such costumes. men. Even the music standard item in any Ukrainian dance repertoire. The quality of the dance was nice and light (as a fed diagonally across Again for must be credited originally Kozachok should be), incorporating a little flirting Tins forward, just like establishing this genre. Derivative versions of this ," or "little darlings"). dance (such as Avramenko's) simply do not equal. (Veryovka Continued on Page12)

STUDENT, November 1981, Page 9 .

a column of music review by Bohdan Zajcew Wasyl Kohut 1951 - 1981 Wasyl Kohut, the popular rock, folk and jazzelemerYts — a musician and songwriter, died unique lyrical quality and an suddenly in Toronto on Monday emotional depth seldom en- 16 November at the age of countered in popular music.

thirty. Kohut fell ill during a But his untimely passing was an band rehearsal the previous especially cruel blow to the week and had to be rushed to development of Ukrainian- hospital where he died four Canadian music. His adaptation days later, having never regain- of "Rushnychok" — "Earthly ed consciousness. His death Mother" on CANO's tzclipse was attributed "to an aneurism. album — is regarded by many to ORKESTRA CHERVONA KALYNA Kohut is survived by his wife be the best synthesis yet of Chervona Kalyna Joanne, his parents, Mr. and North American and Ukrainian CKP 1 Mrs. Hnat Kohut of Sudbury, musical forms. Furthermore, Ontario, and' his .sister Nadia Kohut was very much interested Charivna divchyna 1) Fiaika 1) Hatley of Ottawa. in continuing the work he had Akvarel 2) Poslukhai, divchyno 2) Kohut's death occured on begun with "Rushnychok," and 3) Pisnia liubovi 3) Banduryste, orle syzyi the of series of concert was even considering the idea 4) Letiat niby chaiky 4) Proshchania even a of doing an entire album on a 5) Nezabulnia liubov 5) Liubysh, chy ne liubysh performances that were to 6) Iz syrom pyropb launch a new album, Ukrainian theme. Shortly Camouflage, by a renamed and before his death he had attend- Oksana Tromsa — lead vocals, background vocals reorganized group, Masque, ed a performance by Petro Oleh Dekajlo — bass guitar comprised of former members Perih and the Holubtsi at CYM s Orest Tarasiuk — drums of CANO. A national tour had Christie Street Hall in Toronto, Orest Wirstiuk — Farfisa Transivox accordion-organ, Sano accordion to promote the and was to meet with the group Rostyslaw Dekajlo — electric and acoustic rhythm guitars, vocals been planned to discuss the Oleh Sochan — acoustic piano, Fender Rhodes and Yamaha electric new disc and the revamped later in the month pianos, Oberheim synthesizer group for sometime this winter. possibility of writing some string Borys Wirstiuk — tenor saxophone, Crumar orchestrator, Arp It was the second time that material for them. synthesizer, accordion tragedy had struck in the midst Sadly, that collaboration of the talented, 'mostly .was not meantto.be, and we can Over the years we've come to associate a certain distinctive Sudbury-born musicians; one only speculate 'as to what it with Ukrainian bands who ply their trade on the eastern sound of the founding members of might eventually have led to. For the lack of a more appropriate label, let's American seaboard. CANO, Andre Paiment, died Wasyl did, however, leave call it the continental sound, a term which in this case applies to shortly after the release of their young Ukrainian musicians arrangement and instrumentation. The repetroire repetoire, second album, Au Norde de with a standard-setting exarm consists predominantly of tangoes, waltzes, rhumbas and off-beat Notre Vie, in 1977. The record pie of the kind of fusion possible ; arrangements are usually glitzy, striving for a full- featured one of Kohut's most between traditional and con- orchestrated effect, with vocals assuming secondary importance; Wasyl Kohut moving compositions, a song temporary musical forms. and instrumentation keys on accordions and synthesizers, titled "Spirit of the North." We, on the Student collec- acoustic piano, straight rhythm guitar, and a horn section Kohut will be missed by his tive who followed Kohut's whenever possible. In short, it's the music you expect to hear when many friends and by all CANO career closely (see Student, you descendonto the dance floor, after fighting your way through a fans. His hauntingly beautiful May-June 1980); extend our horde of Ukrainian mothers anxiously scanning the crowd for violin solos gave CANO's music heartfelt sympathies to Wasyl's eligible doctors and lawyers upon whom they'll try to foist their — which successfully blended wife, family and fellow marriageable daughters, at the annual Labour Day zabava at musicians in Masque. Soyuzivka. First to hit upon the musical combination m question were Bohdan Hirniak and the Tempo Orchestra back in the 1950 s. Doremy Fasola's classical review Following in their wake in the 1960's and 70's were the likes of the Chervona Ruta orchestra, Izmarahd, and Iskra. Now, the first continental offspring of the 1980 s - Chervona Kalyna. The musical septet Chervona Kalyna bases its operations out

of New York, although I suspect it branches out into Connecticut and New Jersey as well. The group's debut offering - Orkestra Chervona Kalyna - represents a synthesis of 25 years of the Ukrainian continental sound. It's smooth, it's glossily-packaged, it's carefully-aged. The same can be said for good scotch wiskey; unfortunately, Chervona Kalyna doesn't go down quite as easily. The musicianship demonstrated by Chervona Kalyna is more than adequate; Oleh Sochan and Borys Wirstiuk's keyboard work actually borders on imaginative fancy occasionally. Selectioji of material for inclusion on the album is by-and-large good, featuring several original compositions and covers of some interesting if obscure tunes previously recorded only by equally-obscure Soviet Ukrainian groups. Vocals, if nothing else, are on key. So Where's the problem? Leonid Hrabovs'ky, Exhibition are a well-known "Author's " preface," sets the The major criticism of Chervona Kalyna can be traced back to Symfonichni fresky precedent. And just as few mood of the horrors to come. two fundamental weaknesses: poor musical arrangements and people are familiar with Hart- The titles of the later (Symphonic pictures), op. - lack of intensity and depth. So intent is Chervona Kalyna on mann's pictures (no great loss movements deal with various 10. Great Symphony sounding smooth that all emotional ebullience is lost. There are no they might have gone to a well- aspects of war; Alarm (2), Air Orchestra of the Ail-Union raw edges here, and raw edges are exactly what is required by deserved oblivion if not for raid (3). Ruins (4), a mother's Igor' some of the material the group takes on. Instead, Oksana Tromsa's Radio, Blazhkov Musorgsky's composition) so grief (5), and the city that has vocals meander aimlessly; whether it's an original love song like (cond.) likewise when B. Prorokov may become a symbol of the ravages "Nezabutnia liubov" or a hard-rocker like "Charivna divchyna" Myroslav Skoryk, Kontsert some day be forgotten. of modern war - Hiroshima (6) (recorded originally under the title."Char/Vna boikivchanka" by the diia orkestra {"Karpats'kyi") Hrabovs'ky'swork will remain in The work concludes with a Byelorussian group Samotsvyet in 1972), her classically-trained (Concerto for orchestra - the concert repertoire of curse (71. It is noteworthy that voice is rooted at one ardorless plateau and refuses to budge. With "Carpathian") Ukrainian symphony orchestras. Hrabovs ky has entitled this no vocal back-up or variation to speak of demonstrated on the SSR State Symphony The Symfonichni fresky are movement "Prokliattia katam" it hangmen). He album, becomes boring listening. As mentioned above, Oleh Orchestra, Volodymyr a series of tonal poems dealing (Damnation to Sochan's keyboard technique is tremendous, but his well- with a problem which still understands that the culprits Kozhukhar (cond.) Melodiya executed runs and trills begin to pale after hearing them cut after haunts mankind. Wars are are not only large warmongers. cut, especially when they're inappropriately employed. And Borys 33CM 03833-34(a) (stereo). nothing new, one may object - A hangman may kill only one Wirstiuk's tenor sax leads seldom stray beyond the realm of the wars have been with us since human being at a time but this tame, even when they should be wailing. Combined, it makes for a Readers ofthis column may the dawn of mankind. True does not change the vile nature performance devoid of sensitives interpretation of repetoire and recall that Leonid Hrabovs'ky is enough, but until the 20th of his craft; he is still waging war lacking any emotional range. a member of the Kievan avant century they were largely on mankind. War does not take From the perspective of musical arrangements, Chervona garde, a group of B. localized conflicts which place only on battlefields or in Kalyna misses the boat in both imagination and understanding. Liatoshyns'ky's students who affected mainly the combat- the skies over defenceless From the vocal arrangements, which are rarely more than simple are .trying to expand the tants themselves and the pop- civilians - what goes on in harmonic thirds, to the underplaying of guest artist Mike horizons of contemporary ulation in their immediate dungeons of various secret McMahon's lead guitar skills, Chervona Kalyna's sophomoric Ukrainian concert music. While vicinity. Civilians had a fair police agencies (whatever the approach is always painfully in evidence. Not even the overuse of the work recorded by Baley, chance to survive wars. With the colour of the uniform) is also almost every synthesized sound effect cliche can mask the lack of Gratovich and Turetzky is an advent of modern war, especial- war, and it must be damned. imagination. And when the band attempts to transcend the tried unlikely candidate for a ly nuclear warfare, this has The colour scheme of Sym- it and true, tends to stumble miserably. Taras Shevchenko, I Melodiya disc, the Symfonichni changed. At the touch of a fonichni fresky is dark (this is no imagine, would turn in his grave at hearing "Sandurysfe, orle syzyi" fresky are a different matter. button entire countries can be Wellington's Victory or 7872 performed as a polka; not to mention that the instrumental Granted, the work under review wiped off the face of the earth, Overture); Hrabovs'ky achieves introduction to the piece is entirely inappropriate given what is not as atonal and avant garde and even the future of life on this by using woodwinds in the follows. In taking on "Liubysh, chy ne liubysh", first recorded by as the Trio, but the main reason this planet can be put into low registers - bass clarinet, Kiev's Charivni Gitary in 1976, the sensuous, teasing quality of the why this dissonant work was question by a thermonuclear bassoon, alto saxophone and original is. missing from Chervona Kalyna's cover. recorded at all may be the exchange of major proportions. English horn. The horror is A couple of bright spots on this studio effort; namely, Oleh subtitle; Za mot v am The spectre of war is con- further augmented by the use of Sochan and Borys Wirstiuk's writing abilities. Both are capable of maliunkiv B. Prorokova "Tse ne stantly kept alive before the dissonant harmony. This is composing interesting tunes, full of hooks and potential. Sadly, povynno povtorytys' " (Based Soviet populace by various certainly not easy listening these talents are for the most part buried in the end product, which on B. Prorokov's pictures "It means, artistic and otherwise. music or even serious listening features a full "fat" mid-range, a muddied bottom end. and an must never be repeated"). Yet rarely have its horrors been music. Its chief appeal is to the often-empty or lacking upper register. The Symfonichni fresky are so eloquently portrayed as by mind. Humanity must fully An inauspicious debut for Chervona Kalyna. With some hardly the first musical works Hrabovs'ky. Each of the seven grasp the terror of war because perseverence and a concerted aim at creativity, next time around based on a painting or on a movements express a different "it must never be repeated." may result in something more credible. But in this go-round, on the collection of them; M. aspect of the tragic impact of Ret Sends Ya 4 Star Rating Scale::: Chervona Kalyna scores *Vi. Musorgsky's Pictures at an war. The first movement, (More Meister Page 12) Page 10: STUDENT, November 1981 .

A portrait of an activist John-Paul Himka KOLUMN-EYKA Ivan Franko This year marks the 125th anniversary of the literature traditionally dominated by social, national birth of Ivan Franko (1856-1916). the Galician and ethnographic themes, this collection was the Ukrainian writer, journalist, scholar and political first harbinger of modernism; it focussed on the activist. Franko was born the son of a village intimate emotions of an overpowering, but hopeless, blacksmith in Nahuievychi village of Ivan (today the love. Franko had begun writing the poems in 188' Franko, raion, Lviv oblast). Upon com- when he fell in love with Celina Zurowska, though he pleting secondary school in Drohobych in 1875, he married, out of pragmatic considerations, Olha entered Lviv University where he joined the Khoruzhynska. Russophile student organization Akademycheskii The years immediately following kruzhok the and contributed to its journal Drub (Friend; appearance of Ziviale lystie were emotionally and 1874-7). Guided Ukrainian by the radical Mykhailo politically turbulent for Franko. In 1897 he published Demjan Hohol Drahamanov, he worked together with Mykhailo an essay in Polish, "Nieco sobie samym" (A Bit Pavlyk to reorient association On 6 November, four papers analyzing Ukrainian dance in the and its journal to About Myself), that raised a scandal among the Canada were presented at the "Visible Symbols" conference Ukrainian and socially progressive positions. educated Ukrainian public, so vehemently had in Franko, Pavlyk, others Winnipeg. The Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies had and were arrested in 1877 and Franko expressed his distaste for its pettiness and commissioned these papers from four convicted 1 Ukrainian-Canadian in 878 of membership in a secret socialist hypocrisy. In that same year, however, also he dancers it organization. Both the Russophiles whom, was hoped, would represent a cross-section of and -national alienated Polish society by an article published in populists (narodovtsi) denounced the people involved in Ukrainian dance today. As the dance session the accused in the Viennese newspaper Die Zeit, to which he was the press and ostracized them limited to two hours, the number of presentations had to be from public life; contributed regularly (1895-1905). The article, "Em Franko's restricted so as to permit some discussion of them. engagement to Olha Roshkevych was Dichter des Verrathes" (A Poet of Treason), argued The dance session was divided into two sections. The first broken off as a result of his notoriety. that the great Polish romantic Adam Mickiewicz portion consisted of a major presentation by Vancouver's From 4878 to 1881 Franko worked closely with glorified treachery. Lesja Ostensibly literary criticism, the Pritz, examining the entire the Polish socialist evoluiion of Ukrainian dance in Canada. movement in Lviv as contributor article actually sprang from Franko's discontent with Lesja has been involved. with Ukrainian dance in Canada's major and sometime editor of its newspaper, Praca earning his living as a Polish journalist and his ensembles for many years. She was one of Edmonton's (Labour; 1878-81),andasits leading theoretician; he bitterness over the SHUMKA 1897 parliamentary elections. It dance first was author group's crop of leaders, who carried that ensemble's of a Polish-language socialist resulted in Franko's complete exclusion from the dynamic apporach to various parts of the country. Lesja initially "catechism" in 1878 and co-author of the first Polish press. travelled to Ottawa, where she began the Galician socialist programme in 1881. In 1882-3 he ensemble, but now resides in Vancouver, wrote for Drahomanov's Russian-language where she has started yet another dance group. newspaper Volnoe slovo (Free Word) in Geneva, Lesja's paper was both detailed during which period he also attempted to establish and comprehensive. It began with a look at Vasyl" Avramenko's arrival an independent Ukrainian-language socialist press. in Canada, and his initial influence on dance forms In 1878 he helped Pavylyk publish Hromadskyi druh and Canadian-Ukrainian society in general. Avramenko first worked with existing (Friend of the Commune), Dzvin (Bell) and Molot youth organizations, as they provided a readily available group of (Hammer), but these were suppressed by the police. young people to work with, as well a guaranteed audience of first In 1879-80 he published a series of radical booklets parents. His ensemble toured western Canada twice, performing (Dribna biblioteka) and in 1881-2 was the main in as many as forty- seven concerts during its second contributor to the left-wing journal Svit (World), tour. When Avramenko left Canada for Chicago, the Canadian which collapsed because of a lack of subscribers. Ukrainian Youth Association (CYMK) became so involved in Ukrainian dancing that other Since a radical Ukrainian press was unable to organizations criticized it for being one-track minded in its cultural survive in , Franko accepted an invitation to programming. By 1946, however, the youth organization contribute regularly to the national populist MUNO also started getting more involved in Ukrainian dancing, and newspaper Dilo (Deed; 1882-4) and Zoria (Star; ultimately played a very important role in establishing most 1883-6). Political disagreements, however, put an of Canada's major Ukrainian ensembles in the late 1950s and earlv end to this collaboration. Except for brief a interlude 1960s. when Franko wrote for the journal Pravda (Truth; In 1951 , Avramenko returned to Canada to find that the dance 1888-9) and Dilo (1889-90), he stayed clear of the scene had changed considerably. Younger dance instructors non-radical Ukrainian press into the late 1890's. whom he had trained had grown bored with his repertoire of Franko preferred working in the Polish press, which eighteen rigidly-structured dances, and had begun to choreograph - initially allowed him more latitude of opinion and on their own, albeit with inadequate knowledge of how to do so. paid better. His main source of livelihood for a Avramenko's popularity in Canada had declined considerably decade (1887-97) was his work on the staff of the since his first stay here. democratic newspaper Kurjer Lwowski (Lviv The tours of the Soviet ensembles of Moiseiev and Virsky in Courier). 1958, 1961 and 1965, and the publication ot Soviet books on By 1890 the socialist current had attracted Ukrainian dance, also had a tremendous impact upon Canadian- enough adherents to allow the formation of the Ukrainian dance ensembles. For instance, the "traditional" Ruthenian-Ukramian Radical Party. Franko helped opening of a Ukrainian concert with bread and salt being presented draft the party programme and for a decade to an audience, actually has its roots in Virsky's dance "We are from thereafter had a decisive influence on;the party press Ukraine" (My z Ukrainy). Canadian dance ensembles now started and the shaping of policy. He ran as a Radical producing their own chroeography at a prolific rate, and this trend parliamentary candidate three times (1895, 1897, continued throughout the 1960's and 1970's. Unfortunately, their 1898) but was unsuccessful because of government lack of knowledge about Moiseiev's and Virsky's theory and manipulation of the elections. In the factional strife methodology tended to lead to either misapplication or simply that the party, aligned himself dogged Franko with blind copying of the Soviet style. Drahomanov and Pavlyk in opposition to the "young The Soviets, recognizing this increasing dependence of Radicals," Ukrainian who advocated independent Canadian groups upon their guidance, have encouraged even statehood and a social democratic (Marxist) further slavish dependence. Whereas in the 1950's and 1960's no programme. 125th Anniversary of Ivan Franko non-Communists were allowed into Ukraine to study dance, Soviet In the 1880s-90s arrested Franko was three policy was changed in 1975 to facilitate a more direct Soviet times 1897 the Society, more (1880, 1889, 1892) and otherwise Late in Shevchenko Scientific influence on what they call the "nationalist" groups developing in persecuted for his convictions. .The most painful presided overbythehistorian Mykhailo Hrushevsky, Canada. Regina's Poltava dance ensemble, affiliated with the pro- blow came in 1894-5 when he was denied the chair of hired Franko as editor. From 1898 to 1907 he edited communist Association of United Ukrainians of Canada, has Ukrainian literature at Lviv University {renamed the the Society's cultural-political organ, Literaturno- sponsored a workshop in Fort Qu'Appelle featuring Soviet Ivan Franko University in 1940), although clearly he naukovyi visnyk (Literary and Scholarly Herald), instructors annually since 1975. Summer dance workshops have was the most outstanding candidate. After which he fashioned into a journal of exceptional also regularly been held in Kiev. And in 1980 and 1981 , the Ukraina graduating from Chernivtsi University in 1891, he quality. He also served as director of the Society's Society sponsored four of Canada's best young non-communist had studied Slavic philology in Vienna under the Philological Section (1898-1908), contributed to its Ukrainian dancers to study in Kiev for an eight month period. eminent Slavist Vatroslav Jagic and received his Zapysky (Proceedings; 1895-1913), Khronika This recent Soviet policy of "graciously" assisting Canadians doctorate in 1893. He had contributed numerous (Chronicle; 1900-13) and Etnografichnyi zbirnyk to do Ukrainian dancing more authentically has unfortunately also articles to Russian and Polish scholarly journals: (Ethnographic Collection; 1895-1914). Under the had the effect of hindering the creation of indigenous Ukrainian of works Kievskaia starina (Kievan Antiquity; 1 884-95), Kwar- Society's auspices he published a number dance choreography in Canada. This has been achieved by talnik Historyczny (Historical Quarterly; 1888-9, in literary history, ethnography and history, in- purposely propagating amongst many young Ukrainian 1892, 1895) and Wisla (Vistula; 1892-4). He had also cluding Apokryfy legendy (Apocryphy and Canadians the idea that they are so inferior to the Soviet school that founded in Lviv an important Ukrainian literary and Legends; 5 vols., 1 896-1 910), Halytsko-ruski narodni they should not further "harm" Ukrainian dance by creating scholarly journal. Zhytie slovo (Life and Word; prypovidky (Galician Ruthenian Folk Proverbs; 3 choreography on their own. 1894-7). Moreover, Franko had not only studied vols., 1900-10), tjromadski shpikhliry v Halychyni The second portion of the dance session featured three minor Ukrainian literature, but achieved recognition as one 1784-1840 (Communal Granaries in Galicia; 1907) presentations analyzing the contemporary state of Ukrainian v r. of its foremost representatives. and Azbuchna viina Halychyni 1859 (The dancing in Canada, and a panel discussion of points of interest Franko's literary career had begun when he was Alphabet War in Galicia, 1912). He also published raised during all four talks. The first of these shorter presentations still a gymnasium student in 1874 with the publica- Narys istorii ukrainsko-ruskoi literatury do 1890 r. was made by Irka Balan, currently one of the senior dancers and tion of verses in Druh. Much of his poetry was (An Outline History of Ukrainian-Ruthenian choreographers of Winnipeg's HUSALKA ensemble. Irka began by politically barbed, satirizing or denouncing the Literature to 1890; 1910). speaking about her involvement in teaching dancing in the conservative elements in Ukrainian society, depic- In 1899 Franko left the Radical party and joined Manitoba Government-sponsored Ukrainian dance workshops for ting the plight of the peasantry and summoning Hrushevsky and others to form the Ukrainian instructors, primarily in rural communities. The program is, she them to struggle. A collection of these poems National Democratic Party. Although Franko was to believes, very effective, and points to a need for even greater appeared in 1887 (2nd ed., 1893) under the title Z leave the latter party after a year and return to the attention to be focused by urban Ukrainians on their rural vershyn nyzyn (From the Heights and Depths). His Radicals in 1904-5, the 1899 break with socialism counterparts. short stories and novels, written in the spirit of Zola's was decisive. In 1900 he came out eloquently in A highlight of Irka's speech was her identification of four naturalism, also dealt mainly with social problems, favour of Ukrainian state independence in the essay attitudes prevalent in Ukrainian-Canadian dance circles today: 1 particularly the lot of oil workers in Boryslav: Soa "Poza mezhamy mozhlyvoho" (Beyond the Bounds Avramenko-worship — the idea of which is to maintain the purity of Constrictor (1878; revised editions appeared in 1884 of the Possible). In 1906 he renounced in print the Avramenko's style of dance; 2. "Big Top" — a chorus-line attitude and 1907) and Boryslav smiietsia (Boryslav Is political legacy of Drahomanov. employing circus acrobatics. Hollywood schlock, and escapist 1907-8 Franko Laughing; 1881). He won prizes for his historical In became ill and had to travel to international touring; 3. The "Sasha" syndrome — rejecting novel Zakhar Berkut (1883; 2nd ed., 1902) and his sanitoriums abroad in 1908-10 and 1912. He was Ukrainian-Canadian choreography and following religiously Ukradene shchastie (Stolen Happiness; plagued by paralysis and insanity, believing himself Soviet Ukrainian styles and forms; and 4. "Trendy" — redefining L 1893). He also published a number of long poems, to be in communication with spirits. In particular he and integrating Ukrainian with' ballet, jazz, etc. the most notable of which were Lys Mykyta (Mykyta was haunted by the ghosts of Drahomanov and The second of the minor presentations was by Lusja the Fox; 1890) and Moisei (Moses; 1905). Mickiewicz, both of whom he had "betrayed" in the Pavlychenko of 's PAVLYCHENKO school and dance A turning point in Franko's literary develop- period 1897-1906. He died on 28 May 1916 and was ensemble. Lusja gave a very personal account of her own ment, and that of Ukrainian literature as a whole, is buried in Lychakiv cemetary in Lviv. Although it was marked by the publication of his lyrical collection wartime, thousands of mourners joined his funeral (Cont'd on Page 15) Ziviale lystie (Withered Leaves) in 1896. In a procession.

STUDENT, November 1981, Page 11 .

Veryovka In Depth (Continued From Page 9) Press

and some showing off. The musical accompani- discipline polished by hours of repetition and ment with its changing rhythmic qualities, was simply hard work. Fund played at a slower tempo than in a typically For many of us in Canada the dancing in the ethnographic Kozachok. The dancers' slapping show was perhaps unusual and unfamiliar. We moves on their thighs and shins brought to mind may have a difficult time fitting the Veryovka Russian dance, even though the Veryovka per- numbers into our conception of Ukrainian dance, formers did have the excuse of their resheta which has been strongly influenced by styles Hromada $100.00 (tambourines), which were used quite im- standardized by fifty years ago. Waterloo U.S.C. $43.50 aginatively in the latter parts of the composition. Soviet Ukrainian dancing has much new material treads on thin ice in suspecting overt to offer, both in terms of ethnographic substance One McMasler U.S.A. $25.00 Russification, since folk dance lexicon can never and theatrical presentation. We currently have be subjected to a definitive set of rules. It cannot some access to Soviet Ukrainian sources, and Volodymyr L. 3£ be proven therefore, whether Homin was engag- through an intelligent use of this body of Koskovych ing in subliminal politics or merely exercising knowledge we can develop the ability to separate V. $15.00 artistic licence. the wheat from the chaff in our repetoires and Predictably, the encore used at the conclu- techniques. Most of us are sensitive to the fact that sion of each show was the ever-effective Hopak. we do not share their Soviet style of "inter- Choreographed by Pavlo Virsky himself (not nationalism". At the same time, after seeing what Vronsky as some programs indicated) the Hopak Veryovka can offer, we should realize that we flowed and breathed and built well to a climax. We cannot afford to completely ignore them either. in Canada are also fairly competent performers of We must remain aware that our own Ukrainian the Hopak, and the formations and solos used in community's censorship instincts can prevent us the Veryovka production were not beyong the from enjoying so much that is beautiful and physical potential of many Canadian dancers. The legitimately ours. difference was in the tight, clean presentation — a Meister (Cont'd From Page 10)

In Kontsertdlia orkestra,M. Skoryk again demonstrates his versatility as a composer. His Carpathian Kontsert dlia orkestra has him return again to that romantic mountain region for inspiration. This concerto grosso has four movements. The first is an introduction, where lyrical and lively dance themes are intertwined. The second movement is a kolomyika for orchestra which maintains the colour of troista muzyka. The climax of the concerto is in the third move- ment recitative. Here, too, Skoryk evokes the sound of Isymbaly, sopitky and trembity. The work concludes with a dancelike fourth movement in which that most Hutsul of instruments, the violin, repeats a recurring theme so evocative of folklord. Skoryk returns to Car- pathian themes, but in a style so different from his score to S. Paradzhanov's Tini zabutykh predkiv or in his other com- positions. Here the orchestra-

tion is fuller. If the earlierworks were evocative of delicate Marichka, then the present work has more of the spirit of practical Palahna. BASE NOTES:

In an earlier column a record by I. Shamo was review-

ed. I have found out in the meantime from a member of the H. H. Veriovka Folk Ensemble that this composer is lurii Shamo, the son of Ihor Shamo. Shamo pare is the composer of many contemporary popular songs, e.g. Zacharovana Desna (The Enchanted Desna), Ne shumy kaly-non'ko {Do not rustle, guelder rose) and Kyieve mii (My Kiev)

Although most of the record would not fall within the purvue of this column as the Think about iL.talk about it. works were written by Bulgarian and Russian com- It's easy to feel that to be one of the crowd means drinking; even drinking posers, there is an outstanding to excess. Ukrainian composition on It's almost as if to be somebody you have to get smashed, blitzed or whatever. Balkanton's Pravoslavni You can feel embarrassed or ashamed afterwards. pesnopeniia — Orthodox Chants (BXA 1326). The disc BE SOMEBODY ... You decide how much control your drinking. features the Men's Chamber Don't let your friends or alcohol control you. Choir under Krustio Marev (with N. Gyouzelev, soloist), Dialogue which gives a beautiful rendi- on drinking tion of Artemii Vedel's "A/a rikakh variylonskykh." The Health and Wellare piece is traditionally 1+ Canada sung on lauds of the Sunday of the Canada P.O. Box 6888, Ottawa. Ont.K1G3J2 Prodigal Sun; and the one cut (11 '37") is worth the price of the album if you love Vedel"s music. Page 12: STUDENT, November 1981 A Film Review Barry Melnyk-LaChuk Editorial (Continued From Page 2)

It appears that this militarization will serve two related The U.S. has of late even been shaking the purposes. The first is to force Europe and the 'Big Stick' Soviet Union at Canada for its back into "nationalistic" policy of Canadianizing Cold War positions. Unfortunately, no relief for the oil industry. It wouldn't surprise the Poles and other East Europeans me in the least if a would result from situation ever such action. arose whereby Canadians got their act an Rather, it seems that internally in Poland together and took back control" over their resources as well as throughout Eastern Europe, a retirn from to Stalinist the transnationals, U.S. marines would terror would be the most likely march across the result of a new Cold War border to save us from ZITZ We can already the Communists. begin to see the elaboration of this policy' When I think about what is going on south of the with thejncrease in harsh rhetoric; the decision to develop border I can only shake my head in disbelief. Does the and deploy the neutrdn bomb; the moves to station United States think it can continue to bully most of the nuclear-armed cruise missiles in Europe; and by open world into accepting its domination? Evidently irresponsible talk by people the lessons like Al "I'm in charge'' Haiq' of Vietnam haven't sunk through about the feasibility the thick skulls of of limited nuclear warfare in Europe' America's current leadership. Interventions in the Third With such an increase in tension between East and World aren't going to be easy West, the United anymore, as Vietnam clearly States will be that much freerto deal with showed. Furthermore, the the dangerous game of nuclear evermore frequent revoltsoccuring in its client states proliferation and military build-up increasingly threaten The recent "losses" of Vietnam, Iran and Nicaragua as us all with mass destruction. well as the on-going revolution in El Salvador have Unfortunately, the cure for our ailing "friend" to the convinced American ruling circles that its time to take out south will not come about with a mere change from the 'Big Stick' again. A generally depressed yet in- Republican to Democratic leadership. History has shown creasingly militarized economy, coupled with increased that it is useless to hope for change tensions with the from politicians Soviets, will make it easier both who are tied to the existing order. Rather, the only hope for internally and externally for the U.S. to directly intervene a cure rests on the emergence of a grass roots movement in the Third World in the name of a resurrected anti- similar to the Civil Rights and Anti-War communist crusade. movements to change not only current policies but the institutions of the land which are. the cause of America's malaise. Bohdan Klid

A gala affair. One of the social events of the decade The offices of that most subversive of Ukrainian political and cultural organs, were clotted with people. The chai was bubbling on the hAplate; white gloves and black tails were in evidence; manservants were discretely presenting plates of tiny sandwiches without crusts. Impossible, you say. Butnon- this was neither Paris nor New York. It was Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The occasion: not simply the second soiree Student was to hold in their new offices; rather, the private (all right, vanguard) showing of writer--director Dana Andersen's newest and most fully realized work, a featurette unquestionably destined for cult status among ethnic Canadians, The Paranoid Man With Acne. Who knows whether the great North American movie- going public will respond? Certainly the intellectual and pulmonary elite of Edmonton's Ukrainian community did. The audience was primed for the main event by a series of An ounce characteristic^/ brilliant Andersen shorts, as well as the director's first featurette, the impossibly hilarious Lazer Priest. A scant measure of sobriety was then restored as the audience guffawed over proletarian slapstick at the expense of the American artistic set — the Three Stooges' Pop Goes the Easel. Far be it for me to ruin your fun, however, by dissecting the high comedy that is The Paranoid Man With Acne. Suffice it to say that the film concerns one John Remmie (Dana Andersen), a neurotic author who is offered the task of transcribing the experiences of a recent Soviet emigre. Having agreed to the task, Remmie rendezvous with the mysterious man in a deserted farmhouse in the midst of the Ukrainian-Canadian heartland, the small rural Alberta community of Rochester. As the heavily-accented emigre recollects his experience, the audience witnesses a stream- prevention. of-consciousness montage of stills; sepia-toned photographs of peasants working the fields, selo dance groups and, yes, fleetingly, even that symbolic deity of Ukrainian nationalism. Taras Shevchenko. (Perhaps you Help prevent an unwanted pregnancy. Help prevent the caught his cameo appearance in Moscow Does Not Believe In Tears). transmission By the time the narrator concludes, it becomes of venereal disease. Help prevent side effects clear that these confessions are of an explosive nature. As if associated with other to underline this, the emigre warns the already paranoid forms of birth control. -" writer: "Beward! Dey ostensibly the KGB - "veel stop at Use electronically tested condoms utting to get made by Julius Schmid. dees book." But here I stop, for it would be a pity to spoil for you the climax of high pathos that crowns the Because prevention only takes a little precaution. film. Andersen himself, present at the screening, was un lulius Schmid. moved by the exhilirated reception his films, especially « Paranoid Man, had received. I questioned him as to the allusions some had seen in his films; specifically, I referred to the mention of Dovzhenko's Zemlia during the rural scenes, and comments murmured as to the love of hand-held camera Andersen appears to share with Sergei Paradjanov (Shadows Of Our Forgotten Ancestors). His response: "Hey, Khlopeti nothing surprises me now. If you'd have taken the troubk read the reviews from the world premier of Paranoid Man, you'd know that already critics have compared my acting to Keaton's, my direction to Chaplin's, my photography to Wenders'. I have a style of my own though; comparing me to Paradjanov is like comparing pomegranates to easter

' unnies." Later, an expatriate Torontonian asked if the filrr ght possibly be shown soon in the city of his birth. Enigmatic as always, Andersen retorted with a question of his - "Well, if I own did, what would I get out of it?" Andersen, appropriately enough, is of both Scandina

vian and Ukrainian orgin; thus it is not only in his films but also in his ancestry — remember Kn'iaz' Oleh from Sadochok? - that he may be said to represent the bedrock roots of the Ukrainian-Canadian experience. When querried as to when we might see another work touching on his and our ethnicity, he would not say. The mysterious director, as usual attired entirely in black, would only state with a -ischievous glint in his eye, that his next film would be about Larry. man named Rumor has it that in the film Larry compulsively carries with him a briefcase full of chocolate Easter bunnies. Insiders tell us that the film has Larry being falsely accused of committing ten murders. So it is difficult to tell. - Voistyno shcho?!? We simply have to wait for the next If J WTRWWlTAA, work of Dana Andersen, whose Paranoid Man With Acne ROAD CXIAHvl V1«.T* MANVFACT^TeS Of RAUSfi < UlAN f ...1[ would seem to give us another name to add to a pantheon that heretofore includes Harvey Spak and Halya Kuchmij ,

STUDENT, November 1981, Page 13 1 p

ENTER THE LONGDISTANCE

SWEEPSI)

\efttobe^on. One cooW ^e yours!

GET THE FEELING: HOW TO ENTER: 2 DRAWS LEFT:

Imagine how good it would feel to be By now you're all revved up and ready to Janice Wagner of Queen's University, sitting in the cockpit of the most aerodynamic go. So hold on to that picture as you complete Kingston will soon be driving around in her - standard-equipped North American car on _lhe entry form below. Read the rules and sporty Mercury LN7. But don't give up hope

the road today. And knowing it's all yours. regulations carefully and then solve the Long there are two more draws on December 15th Distance Feeling Hidden Word Game. and February 15th. So keep your eyes peeled for the third Long Distance Feeling entry form in Jonuary s paper. And keep on entering. Who Long Distance knows, you could be that next lucky winner giving the folks back home a jingle. The jingle TransCanada Telephone System of the keys to your brand new LN7, that is! FEEL LUCKY? THE SOONER YOU ENTER THE MORE CHANCES TO WIN! Rules and Regulations. m _ _r~._ The Long Distance Feeling Hidden Word Game. ^',Onl, Olliciil Enlry Foims will be consideied Mail 10 Reod ,hr °ugh (he list of words. You'll find these you letter has been used but will leave it visible 7 # "i'i> ., ' w>» ^.Siit'ini, ( words in all directions - horizontally, vertically, should it also form part of another word. all When " 1 3 ' "> diagonally, and backwards. Once found, draw a letters of all listed words are circled, you'll hove the ( rt'h^' ! j r! !j ! J * rV . sfsi 1 1 ( L jVt n ^ L *i qb% Meicuiy in 7 igiomobiie [ value ss.ooo circle around each of the letters of that word in the given number of letters left over and they'll spell apphLbi "Le^S^'V^T \ t«Ho puzzle, then strike it off the list. Circling it will show out the hidden word. the minnei Oineii peitni! and insuianie/will be — . — — Solution: 11 letters 10 ^XSZtoffn^mi^T,^^? 1 2345 6789 All [« . - -.n" tanana : in'i A P hi Pti.es ™ musi bt accepted as awaided no substitutions " ' 1 T N E N E V N C. 3. Selections al iaiiduii< will be made M tnlnr. OWOy new ' leteivedby INi' ." i.riii,. iq b« noon t I- _ an Ihe lollawmg dt(U OclObeHI I9S1 Oetembe. lb 191)1 C reelings *9 c E D Y C u S E T and the conies! closing dale febiuaiylS 7 Entnes not , f selected in Ihe Oclotiei 21 dram mil aulomslicall, be ' core ** Over enleied loi (he IS 1961 diaw End nw sijIeCIeU cheprv oift " S -> E in Ihe Oecemoei 15 1981 0iaw will be enleird * L s H L u L w -.f loi Ihe Imal dun lebiuaiylb 1982»One cai mil be awaided Convenient 1 SOUnds

, P l"l surprise Ihe numtiei ol enlnes lett-iltr) Se |e\ted eniian1i in"oide( ^ 4 A V A E M R 1 U A _M

ananged tape recoifled telephone interview Qecisions ot directory list telephone 5 W E E U P S c M t V Ihe ludgmg shall bi- Imal 6venlenng w.nneit c «, , agiee lo Ihe me ot men name addii- ana olnilngiaph lu c 1™ lesulling publicity in wilh in.sionlesl the ° 'A R M R T H E R A c eOSV' miss V * i. will also be lequued lu iign a legal flutoment j.aling f omplianf.e with contest mips the names ol Ihe value dinners be oblimed Or sending a stamped sell- - 7 Y G F T N 1 1 F add. esied envelope to 1C1S 410 Laurier Ave W MnmQ RournQSO Boi ?4t0 SlahunD Ollawa KIP GH5 INOme C S S A s u N D s

College 01 Post Seiu'idsif mi t mj es ol 1CIS /-• . ilt membei companies and allil.ales its advertising and Uty/lown E T s G N 1 L E E F piumolional Agencies Ibe independent judging oiganitalicm D .1^-1 ..*IH.,. .a.a..a:.ln ..ml... I.gihl. I. -1 C > is subject in all Fedeiat Fbovincial* abd Municipal laws l it 1 iu E 1 R E T R Y All eligible No. (your D c S 'Quebec Residents lases Ubdet la Lei sut les »- OWn where yOU Ibleites les couises les concnurs publicilaiiet el les appa ) leits damusements bate been paid A cdntpiami tespecting . tbe adntinisiiatinn ot this contest mat be submitted id Ihe Rebut ties loteiies et enuHfts dn rtiiaher I Jnivpr-tiry AtlenHtnrj ^n^ti^n

Page 14: STUDENT, November 1981 Kolumn-eyka Symbols Letter From Jf (Cont'd Page 11) . (Continued From Page 1) [Cont'd From Page 2) involvement in Ukrainian dancing, from its very beginnings to the the few sessions to stimulate Canada must be commended, course. He points out that all these present. She emphasized that she has learned not only about prolonged discussion. Most of there are certain qualifications terms, be they animal or sexual dancing from such "purists" as Avramenko, Peter Hladun.and Olja the speakers stressed this "primary to commendation. The associations, are denigrating to Zaklyns'ka. but also about costuVning from Mrs. Kosych and music symbols" as the key to attitude absence of pertorming artists women, and that "without excep- from Dr. Pavlo Macenko. She cautioned Ukrainian-Canadians to changes in the the Ukrainian- and sometimes inhibiting tion, [they are) clearly antithetical be wary of any "instant" experts on the Ukrainian dance scene, and Canadian community academic (es- formality of many of to the conception of women as further emphasized the need for. a well-rdunded and adequate pecially Wsevolod Isajiw's the sessions could have been human beings." knowledge of Ukrainian dancing, warning that having only "a little paper "Symbols and Ukrainian- avoided. As one dance "Hosebag" bit was used in the of knowledge is dangerous." Canadian Identity: choreographer "I Their Mean- observed: Student review as an Lusja identified as the major experiences of her dance ostensibly career ing and significance"). Ex- can't believe that there are so legitimate term. I trust that in seeing the Virsky ensemble for the first time, and being able to amples such as the few dancers and artists here. future the editors of Student will exchange ideas with Soviet Ukrainian dancers through the Fort deteriorating value of symbols The people in there are talking abide by their constitution and pay Qu'Appelle Soviet workshops. She explained that she has done her like the blue and yellow flag about us, and we're not here." greater attention to "details" of best to produce a higher quality of individual dancers through this the were offered by some of the One of the problems may have sort. application of ballet training, and said she was pleased to see that speakers as an illustration of been the lack of publicity about many of her students have gone on to professional dance careers in images that were losing their the conference, or perhaps the Soma Maryn some of Canada's major ballet ensembles. potency as "primary symbols". C.I. U.S. was simply looking for Toronto The third minor presentation was by Demjan Hohol, who is It was pointed out that many a limited audience, thus ex- essentially a product of the SHUMKA schdol of dance, having meaningful symbols that were cluding many of the young danced in the group for nine years and studied under Gerry brought over with the various culturally active individuals Reply To Critique Metrunec, Marion Ostapchuk, and Chester Kuc. Hohol immigrations from Ukraine are outside campus settings. It is represented the next generation of dancers just starting to make now becoming increasingly noteworthy that when debate itself felt on the Ukrainian-Canadian dance scene. This younger meaningless in the modern was allowed to continue over Baker actually includes group is typified by a higher level of individual dance ability and a North-American context. the time limits originally set for hosebag in his list of epithets greater self-confidence and consciousness of being Ukrainian. Freelance writer Jars Balan of some sessions, many of the which conceive of women in terms Like others in his age group, Hohol is struggling to get out from Edmonton argued with Zenon participants felt that dis- of female genitalia? Peter T under the protective wings of the older generations of dancers. Pohorecky that there are a cussions were more interesting Melnychuk, then, might stand to Demjan emphasized the nationalist nature of Ukrainian dance growing number of extremely and inspiring. As a student of be corrected. When contacted, he — we do Ukrainian dancing because it is Ukrainian, because it is powerful symbols that originate dance from Toronto was confessed he was naive to the "fact" our own form of dance, and because it has the potential to become in Canadian society, such as the overheard to remark after the that hosebag had an a meaningful, viable fine art. Like Lusja, Demjan recognized the Byzantine church on the prairie, extended discussions following anatomical connotation, and need for a well-rounded education, calling for dancers and the Vegreville pysanka, and the "In Search of Symbols" rather opined that "hosebag" was the choreographers to become familiar with all aspects of Ukrainian figures from Ukrainian- session: 'I haven't seen so many female equivalent of the male culture. In his opinion, choreographers need to have extensive Canadian social history. old people upset in a long time." epithet "hoser." Melnychuk also knowledge about Ukrainian history, sociology, economics, Ukrainian-Canadian hockey This passing statement noted that when he heard or read politics, dress, music, folk and fine art, literature, etc. Hohol argued stars were also offered as an underlined the important con- the word "hoser," he fell himself that the current crop of young-and-upcommg dancers will in time example of how attitudes and tribution made by some of the neither violated nor sexually ob- produce another generation of even better-trained dancers. symbols were changing. These younger speakers at the con- jectified. He also pointed out that Finally, he encouraged Ukrainian-Canadian dance ensembles to observations then provoked a ference If the quality of the the charade/ in question was perform more often in Canadian centres, rather than seeking glory lengthy debate between those discussions and presentations indeed a caricature of domesticity and glamour in exotic lands. who championed fine arts and by them are any indication ot and servitude; if this was objec- tionable More important than any of the individual points identified in those who defended popular how well-developed the cultural to some, he felt no per- the above summary of the four presentations, was the unanimous culture. milieu is among the youth of sonal responsibility. Rather he agreement of the four panelists on a number of issues. The degree One of the more inspiring the community then as in urged that Ms Maryn write the film's ,of consensus seems to have surprised and delighted the panelists sessions centered around Ukrainian-Canadian politics, it screenwriter and director. Ultimately, however, the ^themselves, who were amazed to learn that their thinking could be Ukrainian dance. Alexandra might be time for the old guard question is up to the collective; film so much alike, despite their apparent differences in background, Pritz' paper on "The Evolution to move aside. The cultural our critic concluded, after yawning, age, and training. The seven areas of agreement were as follows: of Ukrainian Dance in Canada: perceptions among the modern that perhaps in the future the 1. Ukrainian dance in Canada now finds itself in the critical An Analysis" was especially generation of Ukrainian- editors might substitute the [situation of lacking well-trained and sufficiently-qualified enlightening considering the Canadians were word "hoseperson" for the term(s) 'choreographers and teachers. The quality of dancers has risen, general absence of such characteristically inspired and in dynamic, in contrast of question. and continues to rise — what do we now do with them? material. What was even more to some outlooks ex- P.M. 2. Ukrainian dance requires an authentic base in order to have any intriguing was the ability of the hackneyed credibility. Macho men and cosmetic women are negative many of the speakers to ar- pressed by more august stereotypes which have unfortunately come to be associated with ticulate with great. ease their presenters at the gathering. Ukrainian dancing. Greater time and effort must be applied by perceptions of Ukrainian dance All-in-all, the entire justified the leaders in the Ukrainian-Canadian dance community to acquire in Canada. When asked if folk- weekend con- siderable effort that into much greater knowledge than is currently being displayed by dance could occur on stage, went Ukrainian dance groups. For instance, much greater attention to there was, general agreement planning and organizing it. ethnographic authenticity must be shown in the presentation of from the panel that once you regional Ukrainian dance forms than is currently the norm. "perform" folk-dance on the 3. Ukrainian dance in Soviet Ukraine does indeed reflect the stage it stops being "folk" official Soviet cultural policy of "Socialist Realism," wherein all art Another point brought up in the must serve the political ends of the state In other words, "art for discussion was whether or not art's sake" is not officially tolerated by the Soviet government. there is a possibility to form a Therefore, as Canadian-Ukrainians, we must be very careful in how professional (national) Ukrai- we apply "gracious" Soviet offers of assistance to the further nian Canadian dance company. evolution of Ukrainian dance in Canada. Other constructive suggestions 4. The true character of Ukrainian dancing should not be emerged from this well- submerged by misuse of western dance forms such as ballet and attended session although jazz. Ballet, jazz, eurythmy, yoga, etc.. may be used to tram nothing concrete was for- Ukrainian-Canadians to be better dancers, and may even be used mulated. in experimental choreography. However, they are not a substitute There is a possibility that a Come to Kaiser Country. or alternative to the Ukrainian character of Ukrainian dancing. one hour video production may 5. Ukrainian stage dance should be treated as the fine art form that be commissioned by the It's the RN's choice in Southern California. C.I. the it has become. Ukrainian dancing is almost totally extinct as a folk U.S. as a summaryof Kaiser an range ol choices and Mesiy'es like one else — and It still A enioys a no dance, unless steps are taken to re-introduce it into the folk conference's events. from nine different vantage poinls in Southern Calilornia Fiom (he City to hasn't been decided if the full context. Ihe suburbs, Irom Ihe Hollywood Siars !o Ihe San Oiego suff 6. Distrust and competitiveness between Ukrainian dance groups proceedings of the "Visible can choose from wide range ol specialties educational opportunities. and individuals should be overcome. Ukrainian-Canadian dancers Symbols" conference will be You a 100% employer paid health plan coverage or variable compensation plans should be more open-minded than they are now, and willing to published, as has been and a great deal more Plus the freedom 10 move into multi-directional and ideas. previously done with several share with each other their knowledge career alternatives and to transfer amongst our nine lacililies with no loss level of other C.I. U.S. -sponsored 7. There is a great need for further study on.a scholarly the seniority Day Shift Salary 'Range For Staff RN s S19.S00 S23.800 There is gatherings. It is to be hoped that Ukrainian dance phenomenon in Canada. Greater study will lead to licensure endorsement required between Canadian and Calilornia RN s a better quality of Ukrainian dance in Canada. And quality of dance the ideas generated by the Find out more Because there s more, to lite than your profession and more never be overshadowed desire for quantity. conference do get into wide should by a to your profession than you may know in Kaiser Count'y circulation as they will surely be a stimulus to further develop- Fleming- Stop by our booth at Ihe Toronto Nursing Job Fair. Har ment in the arts. bour Castle Hilton, February 18-20. H you're unable to them suffer a great deal. And yet number of communities those "Visible The participants of attend Ihe event, we will be available loi local interviews they play an important role — left behind as women have been Symbols" generally were pleas- by appoinlment. For more information. Call COLLECT it was Ukrainian children whether their husbands and ed with the results of the two- (213) 667-6926, Jan Wuori, RN. Regional Direcloi. RN Re pioneering of tor women and the integrated into society. So. day affair. Although the C.I. U.S. cruilment. 4747 Sunset Blvd.. Los Angeles. CA 90027 Italian the prairies, or the me, privately and personally, initiative in organizing a in the cities. It lot £o«J' (mo'oif M ' women some of that's one I care a whole seminar on Ukrainian Culture in '., hasn't happened as much in the about. Ukrainian community, but in a

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STUDENT, November 1981, Page 15 Return Requested I* #435, 10766 - 97 St. Second Deuxieme Edmonton, Alberta class, classe Canada T5J 2P2 4883 EDMONTON