November 1981 Wally Lopat/Nsky Hiking in Poland
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
STUDENTMEfUDlMiyj cents ' 50 CANADA'S NEWSPAPER FOR UKRAINIAN STUDENTS / KilovJ THAT We're / Put /' /// TtfAT //' /I Tj?AD/°T/OA/JL-, ' 1 / , #435, 10766 - 97 St., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T5J 2P2 A convict with convictions John-Paul Himka Release Shumuk! inter- He is sixty-sixyears old and totalitarianism, whether near two wagons full of human 1957 he was again sentenced to covered the memoirs and re- has spent most of his life in nationalist or nationalist. corpses. The guard climbed on ten years in labor camps. The arrested Shumuk in January prison. He has never killed In 1945 the Soviet the wagons and ostentatiously re-sentencing was a direct 1 972. He was once more anyone, nor robbed anyone. His authorities sentenced Shumuk smashed open the heads and result of his refusal to becomea sentenced to ten years in the health is completely broken. In to twenty years of hard labor in ribcages of the corpses. Such KGB collaborator. After serving camps, to be followed by five mid-December of this year he Siberia. One chilling incident, was their welcome to the camp. his term, he was released in the years of internal exile. will face the alternatives of indicates the kind of conditions Shumuk struggled against fall of 1967. Shumuk's outspoken views death or liberation; he has no people had to endure in the the brutality and in 1953 took a He used the next few years have earned him enemies say as to which of the two he'll Gulag. At one point he was leading role in a two-month to write his memoirs, which among Ukrainians in the West. receive. transferred, along with other strike" at a Norilsk labor camp. circulated in samvydav and His powerful memoirs, with Danylo Shumuk has always prisoners, to a new camp. The He was eventually released were subsequently published in their criticism of the Nationalist displayed extraordinary prisoners were greeted by a in 1956 as part of the de- the West {Za skhidnym obriiem leadership during World War II, courage in following his convic- guard with a crowbar standing Stalinization process, but in Paris, 1974). The KGB dis- enraged the Bandera faction of tions. As a teenaged peasant in the Organization of Ukrainian Polish-ruled Volhynia, he join- Nationalists. Moreover, in the ed the outlawed Communist mid-1970s Shumuk was the Party of Western Ukraine. He most consistent opponent of paid for this with almost six the messianism of his fellow years in a Polish prison. During political prisoner, Valentyn the two years of Soviet rule in Moroz (subsequently released Western Ukraine (1 939-41 ) to the West). Thus, Shumuk's Shumuk saw the ideals of his convictions have not only made youth translated into a ruthless him a prisoner for thirty-seven policy of forced collectivization years of his life, but have also and mass repression. In 1941, undermined the strength of any the NKVD imprisoned him campaign to release him by because his brother was alienating the most vociferous declared an "enemy of the elements of the Ukrainian people." When war broke out diaspora. later that year between Ger- Today Shumuk is in Camp many and the USSR, the Soviet No. 6 of the Potma penal labor authorities massacred complex near Sosnovka in the thousands of political prisoners Mordovian ASSR. He will stay in the NKVD cellars of Western there until mid-December, Ukraine. But others, including when he will be transported into Shumuk, were sent out virtually exile. Given his age, his health unarmed into combat against and theconditions of transport, advancing German troops. it is likely that the journey will Shumuk was captured and kill him. He has expressed this incarcerated in a German POW fear in a letter to relatives in camp in which 30,000 Soviet Canada. Along with the prisoners of war were to die of dangers, however, the move starvation; but Shumuk es- presents certain opportunities. caped after two months. For instance, if Soviet He joined the anti-German authorities were to decide to resistance in 1943, not in the release him to the West, the ranks of the Red Partisans; moment of transfer from the since he had decisively broken camps to exile would be the with Communism, but in the most opportune. Between now ranks of the Nationalist-led and mid- December it is Ukrainian Insurgent Army necessary to let the Soviet (UPA). Until his capture by the authorities know whether we NKVD in December 1944, want Shumuk dead or free. Shumuk worked as a political So what can you as an instructor in UPA. He never individual do? At the very least, engaged in battle. Much that he write a letter to the Soviet saw in the Nationalist Embassy (285 Charlotte St., resistance sickened him: the Ottawa K1N 8L5) appealing to massacre of non-Ukrainian them to' release Shumuk on civilians and the paranoid, humanitarian grounds. Thirty- fratricidal slaughter within the seven years in prison and labor UPA and Organization of Ukrai- camps. Isn't that long enough to nian Nationalists. He emerged pay for having the courage of from the struggle with a one's convictions? profound hatred of Danylo Shumuk is sixty-six years old and has spent most of his life in a prison. Winnipeg conference report Mark Ferbey Visible symbols and the arts Academics, students, one hundred participants, impetus behind the new objec- his opening remarks varied Canadian art when one does tists, and concerned Ukrainian- many of whom contributed a tives soon lost all enthusiasm from skillfully crafted presen- not know what constitutes Canadians met on 6 - 7 great deal to the discussion Suggestions of a Ukrainian- tations to mere information Ukrainian-Canadian art. He November at the University of forums following each session. Canadian Arts Council and a packages. Among the more suggested that by relying on Manitoba in Winnipeg to dis- The opening remarks on Ukrainian-Canadian Arts though t-provoking sessions was visible symbols many artists cuss various elements of Ukrai- Friday the sixth by Javoslav Catalogue simply lacked con- the paper by Radozlav Zuk on cover up deficiencies in cultural nian culture in Canada. The Rozumnyi of the U. of M.'s centrated initiative to be seen "Material Culture", and the content and this in turn vreates conference, which was co- Slavic Studies department through to fruition. Rozumnyi entire panel discussions on a "superficial visible culture ". organized by the Canadian attempted to give the con- continued his remarks by "Dance" and "In Search of Later, Professor Zenon Institute of Ukrainian Studies ference a specific focus and stating that the "Visible Sym- Symbols." The following are Pohorecky from the University (CI. U.S.) and the department of aim. Referring back to in- bols" conference's approach to some highlights from these of Saskatchewan humourously Slavic Studies at the U. of M spirational conferences such as Ukrainian-Canadian culture three sessions. illustrated this concern by called was "Visible Symbols: SUSK's (Ukrainian Canadian must first proceed with the Montreal architect presenting an image of a pai- Cultural Expression Among Students' Union) Ukrainian discussion of the phenomena of Radoslav Zuk talked about the nted embroidered motif on an Canada's Ukrainians". The six Festival of the Arts in the 1970's, Ukrainian-Canadian culture Ukrainian-Canadian identity exterior of a house in the slide sessions on the two-day Professor Rozumnyi offered the and the objectives and forms it crisis in the context of material show accompanying his talk. seminar focused on Ukrainian- opinion that although the takes. culture. Zuk argues that the The session entitled "In Canadian material culture, fine Festival's results inspired many Rozumnyj's observations basic dilemma faced by the Search of Symbols" was one of arts, music, dance, symbols, of the participants to develop helped to outline the goals of Ukrainian-Canadian artist was and the politics of culture. fresh ideas on Ukrainian- the weekend gathering, and the how he or she can proceed in (Cont'd Page 15) Thirty speakers addressed over Canadian arts and culture, the presentations which followed producing quality Ukrainian- Inside: Jim Fleming, Ivan Franko and a tribute to Wasyl Kohut. Last November a friend half-jolkingly told me that the All signed letters of reasonable length which comply with Canadian libel and election of Ronald Reagan symbolized that the U.S. had slander laws will be printed unedited (save for purposes of clarity) in this column. We entered the fourth and final stage of syphilis. In this stage, will not print anonymous letters, but if for the disease attacks the brain and central nervous system. personal reasons contributors wish to withhold their names or a pseudonym, this Mental processes break down and after a prlonged period use can be arranged. In all cases, however, of suffering — during which the afflicted tends to act we require both a genuine signature and a return address. irrationally, the victim dies. Not being a doctor, I don't know if the disease America has is of a venereal nature. However, it is obvious even to Travel Servtce Sexist Review the layman that the U.S. is critically ill. The symptoms are ffii Astro clearly evident. Anyone just nominally familiar with internal problems in the United States knows about the continuing decay of In the October issue of Stu- its cities, the racial tensions, the deterioration of the public COMPLETE TRAVEL SERVICE dent, Peter Melnychuk, in his film educational system {which is graduating increasingly review entitled "Moscow does not greater numbers of functional illiterates), the soaring • Specializing in Ukraine/Eastern Europe believe in Marx," refers to one of crime rate, the proliferation of hand guns, etc., etc.