Zootaxa, Tardigrada, Milnesiidae

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Zootaxa 743: 1–5 (2004) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA 743 Copyright © 2004 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Milnesium katarzynae sp. nov., a new species of eutardigrade (Milnesiidae) from China ŁUKASZ KACZMAREK1, ŁUKASZ MICHALCZYK2 & CLARK W. BEASLEY3 1Department of Animal Taxonomy & Ecology, Institute of Environmental Biology, A. Mickiewicz University, Szamarzewskiego 91 a, 60-569 Pozna½, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] 2Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK; e-mail: [email protected] 3Department of Biology, McMurry University, Abilene, Texas 79697, U.S.A; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract A new eutardigrade, Milnesium katarzynae sp. nov. is described from China. The new species dif- fers from the most similar Milnesium reticulatum Pilato et al., 2002 in lacking of gibbosities, stylet supports inserted in less caudal position, absence of eyes. M. katarzynae sp. nov. is similar to specimens of M. tardigradum from New Zealand which have reticular shallow depressions in the cuticle but is clearly different by lacking of eyes and narrower buccal tube (pt = 21.7–26.6 in the new species and pt = 41.9 in the specimens collected in New Zealand). Key words: Milnsium katarzynae sp. nov., Milnesiidae, Tardigrada, Asia Introduction Until now only seven species of the genus Milnesium Doyére are known: Milnesium brachyungue Binda & Pilato, 1990 (Chile), Milnesium dujianensis Yang, 2003 (China) Milnesium eurystomum Maucci, 1991 (Greenland), Milnesium reticulatum Pilato et al., 2002 (Seychelles), Milnesium slovenskyi Bertolani & Grimaldi, 2002 (known only from Cretaceous amber), Milnesium tardigradum Doyére, 1840 (cosmopolitan) and Milnesium tetralamellatum Pilato & Binda, 1991 (Tanzania). All the species except M. tardigradum are known only from their type localities (McInnes 1994; Pilato & Binda 2001; Pilato et al. 2002, Yang 2003). Accepted by Z.-Q. Zhang: 22 Nov. 2004; published: 25 Nov. 2004 1.

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An Introduction to Phylum Tardigrada - Review
Volume V, Issue V, May 2016 IJLTEMAS ISSN 2278 – 2540 An Introduction to phylum Tardigrada - Review Yashas R Devasurmutt1, Arpitha B M1* 1: R & D Centre, Department of Biotechnology, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore, India 1*: Corresponding Author: Arpitha B M Abstract: Tardigrades popularly known as water bears are In cryptobiosis (extreme form of anabiosis), the metabolism is micrometazoans with four pairs of lobopod legs. They are the undetectable and the animal is known as tun in this phase. organisms which can live in extreme conditions and are known to Tuns have been known to survive very harsh environmental survive in vacuum and space without protection. Tardigardes conditions such as immersion in helium at -272° C (-458° F) survive in lichens and mosses, usually associated with water film or heating temperatures at 149° C (300° F), exposure to very on mosses, liverworts, and lichens. More species are found in high ionizing radiation and toxic chemical substances and milder environments such as meadows, ponds and lakes. They long durations without oxygen. [4] Figure 2 illustrates the are the first known species to survive in outer space. Tardigrades process of transition of the tardigrades[41]. are closely related to Arthropoda and nematodes based on their morphological and molecular analysis. The cryptobiosis of Figure 2: Transition process of Tardigrades Tardigrades have helped scientists to develop dry vaccines. They have been applied as research subjects in transplantology. Future research would help in more applications of tardigrades in the field of science. Keywords: Tardigrades, cryptobiosis, dry vaccines, Transplantology, space research I. INTRODUCTION ardigrade, a group of tiny arthropod-like animals having T four pairs of stubby legs with big claws, an oval stout body with a round back and lumbering gait.
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Tardigrade Milnesium Cf. Tardigradum at Different Stages of Development
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Extreme Tolerance in the Eutardigrade Species H. Dujardini
EXTREME TOLERANCE IN THE EUTARDIGRADE SPECIES H. DUJARDINI EXTREME TOLERANCE IN THE EUTARDIGRADE SPECIES HYPSIBIUS DUJARDINI BY: TARUSHIKA VASANTHAN, B. Sc., M. Sc. A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy McMaster University © Copyright by Tarushika Vasanthan, September 2017 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE (2017) McMaster University (Biology) Hamilton, Ontario TITLE: Examining the Upper and Lower Limits of Extreme Tolerance in the Eutardigrade Species Hypsibius dujardini AUTHOR: Tarushika Vasanthan, M. Sc. (McMaster University), B. Sc. (McMaster University) SUPERVISOR: Professor Jonathon R. Stone NUMBER OF PAGES: 124 ii Ph.D. Thesis - T. Vasanthan McMaster University – Biology – Astrobiology LAY ABSTRACT While interest in tardigrade extreme tolerance research has increased over the last decade, many research areas continue to be underrepresented or non- existent. And, while recognized tardigrade species have been increasing steadily in number, fundamental biological details, like individual life history traits, remain unknown for most. The main objectives in this thesis therefore were to survey the life history traits for the freshwater tardigrade species Hypsibius dujardini, increase knowledge about its extreme-tolerance abilities and describe its utility in astrobiological and biological studies. Research involved tardigrade tolerance to hypergravity, pH levels and radiation exposure (and associated radiation-induced bystander effects) as well as responses to temperature changes during development. Findings reported in this dissertation provide new data about H. dujardini, thereby narrowing the information gap that currently exists in the literature for this species. iii Ph.D. Thesis - T. Vasanthan McMaster University – Biology – Astrobiology ABSTRACT Tardigrades are microscopic animals that can survive exposure to multiple extreme conditions.
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Phylum Tardigrada Doyère, 1840. In: Zhang, Z.-Q
Phylum Tardigrada Doyère, 1840 (3 classes)1 Class Heterotardigrada Marcus, 1927 (2 orders) Order Arthrotardigrada Marcus, 1927 (8 families) Family Archechiniscidae Binda, 1978 (1 genus, 3 species) Family Batillipedidae Ramazzotti, 1962 (1 genus, 26 species) Family Coronarctidae Renaud-Mornant, 1974 (2 genera, 8 species) Family Halechiniscidae Thulin, 1928 (7 subfamilies, 28 genera, 88 species) Family Neoarctidae de Zio Grimaldi, D'Addabbo Gallo & Morone De Lucia, 1992 (1 genus, 1 species) Family Neostygarctidae de Zio Grimaldi, D’Addabbo Gallo & De Lucia Morone, 1987 (1 genus, 1 species) Family Renaudarctidae Kristensen & Higgins, 1984 (1 genus, 1 species) Family Stygarctidae Schulz, 1951 (2 subfamilies, 4 genera, 21 species) Order Echiniscoidea Richters, 1926 (4 families) Family Echiniscoididae Kristensen & Hallas, 1980 (2 genera, 11 species) Family Carphaniidae Binda & Kristensen, 1986 (1 genus, 1 species) Family Oreellidae Ramazzotti, 1962 (1 genus, 2 species) Family Echiniscidae Thulin, 1928 (12 genera, 281 species) Class Mesotardigrada Rahm, 1937 (1 order)2 Order Thermozodia Ramazzotti & Maucci, 1983 (1 family) Family Thermozodiidae Rahm, 1937 (1 genus, 1 species) Class Eutardigrada Richters 1926 (2 orders) Order Apochela Schuster, Nelson, Grigarick & Christenberry, 1980 (1 family) Family Milnesiidae Ramazzotti, 1962 (3 genera, 19+1† species)3 Order Parachela Schuster, Nelson Grigarick & Christenberry, 1980 (4 superfamilies, 9 families) Family Necopinatidae Ramazzotti & Maucci, 1983 (1 genus, 1 species)4 incertae sedis (1 genus: Apodibius,
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Zootaxa 4415 (1): 045–075 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2018 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4415.1.2 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:AA49DFFC-31EB-4FDF-90AC-971D2205CA9C An integrative redescription of Hypsibius dujardini (Doyère, 1840), the nominal taxon for Hypsibioidea (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada) PIOTR GĄSIOREK, DANIEL STEC, WITOLD MOREK & ŁUKASZ MICHALCZYK* Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract A laboratory strain identified as “Hypsibius dujardini” is one of the best studied tardigrade strains: it is widely used as a model organism in a variety of research projects, ranging from developmental and evolutionary biology through physiol- ogy and anatomy to astrobiology. Hypsibius dujardini, originally described from the Île-de-France by Doyère in the first half of the 19th century, is now the nominal species for the superfamily Hypsibioidea. The species was traditionally con- sidered cosmopolitan despite the fact that insufficient, old and sometimes contradictory descriptions and records prevent- ed adequate delineations of similar Hypsibius species. As a consequence, H. dujardini appeared to occur globally, from Norway to Samoa. In this paper, we provide the first integrated taxonomic redescription of H. dujardini. In addition to classic imaging by light microscopy and a comprehensive morphometric dataset, we present scanning electron photomi- crographs, and DNA sequences for three nuclear markers (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, ITS-2) and one mitochondrial marker (COI) that are characterised by various mutation rates.
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Molecular Data Support the Dispersal Ability of the Glacier Tardigrade Hypsibius Klebelsbergi Mihelčič, 1959 Across the Environmental Barrier (Tardigrada)
Entomol. Mitt. Zool. Mus. Hamburg 17 (194): 233-240 Hamburg, 15. November 2015 ISSN 0044-5223 Molecular data support the dispersal ability of the glacier tardigrade Hypsibius klebelsbergi Mihelčič, 1959 across the environmental barrier (Tardigrada) MIROSLAWA DABERT, HIERONYMUS DASTYCH & JACEK DABERT (with 4 figures) Abstract Two populations of the obligate glacier dweller, the tardigrade Hypsibius klebels- bergi Mihelčič, 1959, have been compared based on the mitochondrial COI gene frag- ment (DNA-barcode), a character hitherto unknown for this species. The animals orig- inated from cryoconite holes on two separated glaciers located at different altitudes in the Ötztal Alps. The lack of divergence in the mitochondrial COI as well as in nuclear 18S and 28S rRNA gene sequences between these two populations indicates the presence of probably only one population on both glaciers separated by a mountain’s ridge. Sequence data of the 18S rRNA gene are compared with such data already available for H. klebelsbergi. K e y w o r d s: Tardigrada, Hypsibius klebelsbergi, populations, glaciers, dispersion, COI, DNA-barcode, 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, the Ötztal Alps, Austria. Introduction The eutardigrade Hypsibius klebelsbergi Mihelčič, 1959 (the Hypsibiidae) represents the obligate glacier dweller (Dastych 2009, 2015) recorded so far only from several glaciers in the Austrian Central Alps. The species (Figs 1, 2) inhabits there the water-filled micro-caverns on the glacier surface, so-called cryoconite holes (e.g. Steinbock 1936, 1957, Dastych et al. 2003). Two other taxa, supposedly also obligate glacier inhabitants, Hypsibius janetscheki Ramazzotti, 1968 and H. thaleri Dastych, 2004, have been once only found on the glacier Nero in the Himalayas (Ramazzotti 1968, Janetschek 1990, Dastych 2004 a, b).
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A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 865: 1–20 (2019) New Itaquasconinae from Colombia 1 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.865.30705 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Meplitumen aluna gen. nov., sp. nov. an interesting eutardigrade (Hypsibiidae, Itaquasconinae) from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia Oscar Lisi1,2, Anisbeth Daza2, Rosana Londoño2, Sigmer Quiroga2,3, Giovanni Pilato1 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy 2 Grupo de Investigación MIKU, Universidad del Magdalena, Carrera 32 # 22-08, Santa Marta DTCH, Colombia 3 Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Programa de Biología, Universidad del Mag- dalena, Carrera 32 # 22-08, Santa Marta DTCH, Colombia Corresponding author: Oscar Lisi ([email protected]) Academic editor: Sandra McInnes | Received 23 October 2018 | Accepted 11 June 2019 | Published 22 July 2019 http://zoobank.org/DF6A9937-7897-48DD-9CA7-3B866A2892AF Citation: Lisi O, Daza A, Londoño R, Quiroga S, Pilato G (2019) Meplitumen aluna gen. nov., sp. nov. an interesting eutardigrade (Hypsibiidae, Itaquasconinae) from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. ZooKeys 865: 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.865.30705 Abstract A new genus of Itaquasconinae, Meplitumen gen. nov., and a new species, Meplitumen aluna sp. nov., are described. The new genus has characters present in other genera of Itaquasconinae but in a unique combina- tion. The spiral thickening of the bucco-pharyngeal tube is also present anteriorly to the insertion point of the stylet supports, excluding only the short portion where the apophyses for the insertion of the stylet muscles (AISM) are present.
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Phylum Tardigrada: a Re-Evaluation of the Parachela
Zootaxa 2819: 51–64 (2011) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2011 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Phylum Tardigrada: A re-evaluation of the Parachela NIGEL J. MARLEY1,3, SANDRA J. MCINNES2 & CHESTER J. SANDS2 1Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Marine Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom 2British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, United King- dom 3Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract We assessed the available morphological evidence to see if this corroborates the paraphyly in the Parachela (Tardigrada) as suggested by recent molecular data. We reconcile molecular phylogenetics with alpha morphology, focusing on claw and apophysis for the insertion of the stylet muscles (AISM). We combine molecular and morphological evidence to de- fine six new taxa within the Parachela Schuster et al 1980. These include two new families of Isohypsibiidae fam. nov. and Ramazzottidae fam. nov. along with four new superfamilies of Eohypsibioidea superfam. nov., Hypsibioidea super- fam. nov., Isohypsibioidea superfam. nov., and Macrobiotoidea superfam. nov. Key words: Tardigrade, Eohypsibioidea superfam. nov., Hypsibioidea superfam. nov., Isohypsibioidea superfam. nov., Macrobiotoidea superfam. nov., Isohypsibiidae fam. nov., Ramazzottidae fam. nov., Morphology, Molecular, Systemat- ics Introduction Familial level taxa that have separated into distinct lineages over many millions of years are usually clearly identi- fiable via a unique suite of morphological characters. In some groups, particularly the “lesser-known” or “minor” phyla, basic morphology may be so strongly conserved that deep divergences are often difficult to detect or resolve.
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