Zootaxa, Tardigrada, Hypsibiidae, Diphascon

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Zootaxa, Tardigrada, Hypsibiidae, Diphascon Zootaxa 914: 1–5 (2005) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA 914 Copyright © 2005 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Diphascon (Diphascon) dolomiticum, a new species of Hypsibiidae (Eutardigrada) from Italy GIOVANNI PILATO* & ROBERTO BERTOLANI** * Dipartimento di Biologia Animale “Marcello La Greca” dell’Università, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy ** Dipartimento di Biologia Animale dell’Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41100 Modena, Italy Abstract A new species of eutardigrade, Diphascon (Diphascon) dolomiticum sp. n., is described. It has three macroplacoids and microplacoid; claws short and stout; hind legs with basal margin indented; inter- nal and external claws on the first three pairs of legs almost of the same length; anterior claws on the hind legs longer than the posterior claws. Key words: Tardigrada, Hypsibiidae, Diphascon (Diphascon) dolomiticum sp. n., Italy Introduction In a moss sample collected in Passo del Grostè (Trento) two specimens of Hypsibiidae (Eutardigrada) were found belonging to the subgenus Diphascon. These two specimens have three macroplacoids, microplacoid, and hind legs with indented basal margin. The comparison with the species of the subgenus having these characters convinced us to attribute these specimens to a new species, Diphascon (D.) dolomiticum sp. n., which is described and figured in this paper. Materials and Methods The specimens were found in a moss sample on grassland collected in Passo del Grostè (Trento) at 2450 m a.s.l. in September 1988 by R. Bertolani. They are mounted in polyvi- nyl lactophenol; the holotype is deposited in the Binda and Pilato collection (Department of Animal Biology “Marcello La Greca”, University of Catania), the paratype in the Berto- Accepted by C. Beasley: 4 Mar. 2005; published: 24 Mar. 2005 1.
Recommended publications
  • An Introduction to Phylum Tardigrada - Review
    Volume V, Issue V, May 2016 IJLTEMAS ISSN 2278 – 2540 An Introduction to phylum Tardigrada - Review Yashas R Devasurmutt1, Arpitha B M1* 1: R & D Centre, Department of Biotechnology, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore, India 1*: Corresponding Author: Arpitha B M Abstract: Tardigrades popularly known as water bears are In cryptobiosis (extreme form of anabiosis), the metabolism is micrometazoans with four pairs of lobopod legs. They are the undetectable and the animal is known as tun in this phase. organisms which can live in extreme conditions and are known to Tuns have been known to survive very harsh environmental survive in vacuum and space without protection. Tardigardes conditions such as immersion in helium at -272° C (-458° F) survive in lichens and mosses, usually associated with water film or heating temperatures at 149° C (300° F), exposure to very on mosses, liverworts, and lichens. More species are found in high ionizing radiation and toxic chemical substances and milder environments such as meadows, ponds and lakes. They long durations without oxygen. [4] Figure 2 illustrates the are the first known species to survive in outer space. Tardigrades process of transition of the tardigrades[41]. are closely related to Arthropoda and nematodes based on their morphological and molecular analysis. The cryptobiosis of Figure 2: Transition process of Tardigrades Tardigrades have helped scientists to develop dry vaccines. They have been applied as research subjects in transplantology. Future research would help in more applications of tardigrades in the field of science. Keywords: Tardigrades, cryptobiosis, dry vaccines, Transplantology, space research I. INTRODUCTION ardigrade, a group of tiny arthropod-like animals having T four pairs of stubby legs with big claws, an oval stout body with a round back and lumbering gait.
    [Show full text]
  • Tardigrade Milnesium Cf. Tardigradum at Different Stages of Development
    Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Embryos of the Tardigrade Milnesium cf. tardigradum at Different Stages of Development Eliana Beltra´n-Pardo1,2, K. Ingemar Jo¨ nsson2,3*, Andrzej Wojcik2, Siamak Haghdoost2, Mats Harms- Ringdahl2, Rosa M. Bermu´ dez-Cruz4, Jaime E. Bernal Villegas1 1 Instituto de Gene´tica Humana, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota´, Colombia, 2 Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden, 3 School of Education and Environment, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden, 4 Departamento de Gene´tica y Biologı´a Molecular, Centro de Investigacio´n y Estudios Avanzados, CINVESTAV, Me´xico D.F, Me´xico Abstract Tardigrades represent one of the most desiccation and radiation tolerant animals on Earth, and several studies have documented their tolerance in the adult stage. Studies on tolerance during embryological stages are rare, but differential effects of desiccation and freezing on different developmental stages have been reported, as well as dose-dependent effect of gamma irradiation on tardigrade embryos. Here, we report a study evaluating the tolerance of eggs from the eutardigrade Milnesium cf. tardigradum to three doses of gamma radiation (50, 200 and 500 Gy) at the early, middle, and late stage of development. We found that embryos of the middle and late developmental stages were tolerant to all doses, while eggs in the early developmental stage were tolerant only to a dose of 50 Gy, and showed a declining survival with higher dose. We also observed a delay in development of irradiated eggs, suggesting that periods of DNA repair might have taken place after irradiation induced damage. The delay was independent of dose for eggs irradiated in the middle and late stage, possibly indicating a fixed developmental schedule for repair after induced damage.
    [Show full text]
  • Extreme Tolerance in the Eutardigrade Species H. Dujardini
    EXTREME TOLERANCE IN THE EUTARDIGRADE SPECIES H. DUJARDINI EXTREME TOLERANCE IN THE EUTARDIGRADE SPECIES HYPSIBIUS DUJARDINI BY: TARUSHIKA VASANTHAN, B. Sc., M. Sc. A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy McMaster University © Copyright by Tarushika Vasanthan, September 2017 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE (2017) McMaster University (Biology) Hamilton, Ontario TITLE: Examining the Upper and Lower Limits of Extreme Tolerance in the Eutardigrade Species Hypsibius dujardini AUTHOR: Tarushika Vasanthan, M. Sc. (McMaster University), B. Sc. (McMaster University) SUPERVISOR: Professor Jonathon R. Stone NUMBER OF PAGES: 124 ii Ph.D. Thesis - T. Vasanthan McMaster University – Biology – Astrobiology LAY ABSTRACT While interest in tardigrade extreme tolerance research has increased over the last decade, many research areas continue to be underrepresented or non- existent. And, while recognized tardigrade species have been increasing steadily in number, fundamental biological details, like individual life history traits, remain unknown for most. The main objectives in this thesis therefore were to survey the life history traits for the freshwater tardigrade species Hypsibius dujardini, increase knowledge about its extreme-tolerance abilities and describe its utility in astrobiological and biological studies. Research involved tardigrade tolerance to hypergravity, pH levels and radiation exposure (and associated radiation-induced bystander effects) as well as responses to temperature changes during development. Findings reported in this dissertation provide new data about H. dujardini, thereby narrowing the information gap that currently exists in the literature for this species. iii Ph.D. Thesis - T. Vasanthan McMaster University – Biology – Astrobiology ABSTRACT Tardigrades are microscopic animals that can survive exposure to multiple extreme conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylum Tardigrada Doyère, 1840. In: Zhang, Z.-Q
    Phylum Tardigrada Doyère, 1840 (3 classes)1 Class Heterotardigrada Marcus, 1927 (2 orders) Order Arthrotardigrada Marcus, 1927 (8 families) Family Archechiniscidae Binda, 1978 (1 genus, 3 species) Family Batillipedidae Ramazzotti, 1962 (1 genus, 26 species) Family Coronarctidae Renaud-Mornant, 1974 (2 genera, 8 species) Family Halechiniscidae Thulin, 1928 (7 subfamilies, 28 genera, 88 species) Family Neoarctidae de Zio Grimaldi, D'Addabbo Gallo & Morone De Lucia, 1992 (1 genus, 1 species) Family Neostygarctidae de Zio Grimaldi, D’Addabbo Gallo & De Lucia Morone, 1987 (1 genus, 1 species) Family Renaudarctidae Kristensen & Higgins, 1984 (1 genus, 1 species) Family Stygarctidae Schulz, 1951 (2 subfamilies, 4 genera, 21 species) Order Echiniscoidea Richters, 1926 (4 families) Family Echiniscoididae Kristensen & Hallas, 1980 (2 genera, 11 species) Family Carphaniidae Binda & Kristensen, 1986 (1 genus, 1 species) Family Oreellidae Ramazzotti, 1962 (1 genus, 2 species) Family Echiniscidae Thulin, 1928 (12 genera, 281 species) Class Mesotardigrada Rahm, 1937 (1 order)2 Order Thermozodia Ramazzotti & Maucci, 1983 (1 family) Family Thermozodiidae Rahm, 1937 (1 genus, 1 species) Class Eutardigrada Richters 1926 (2 orders) Order Apochela Schuster, Nelson, Grigarick & Christenberry, 1980 (1 family) Family Milnesiidae Ramazzotti, 1962 (3 genera, 19+1† species)3 Order Parachela Schuster, Nelson Grigarick & Christenberry, 1980 (4 superfamilies, 9 families) Family Necopinatidae Ramazzotti & Maucci, 1983 (1 genus, 1 species)4 incertae sedis (1 genus: Apodibius,
    [Show full text]
  • An Integrative Redescription of Hypsibius Dujardini (Doyère, 1840), the Nominal Taxon for Hypsibioidea (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada)
    Zootaxa 4415 (1): 045–075 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2018 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4415.1.2 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:AA49DFFC-31EB-4FDF-90AC-971D2205CA9C An integrative redescription of Hypsibius dujardini (Doyère, 1840), the nominal taxon for Hypsibioidea (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada) PIOTR GĄSIOREK, DANIEL STEC, WITOLD MOREK & ŁUKASZ MICHALCZYK* Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract A laboratory strain identified as “Hypsibius dujardini” is one of the best studied tardigrade strains: it is widely used as a model organism in a variety of research projects, ranging from developmental and evolutionary biology through physiol- ogy and anatomy to astrobiology. Hypsibius dujardini, originally described from the Île-de-France by Doyère in the first half of the 19th century, is now the nominal species for the superfamily Hypsibioidea. The species was traditionally con- sidered cosmopolitan despite the fact that insufficient, old and sometimes contradictory descriptions and records prevent- ed adequate delineations of similar Hypsibius species. As a consequence, H. dujardini appeared to occur globally, from Norway to Samoa. In this paper, we provide the first integrated taxonomic redescription of H. dujardini. In addition to classic imaging by light microscopy and a comprehensive morphometric dataset, we present scanning electron photomi- crographs, and DNA sequences for three nuclear markers (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, ITS-2) and one mitochondrial marker (COI) that are characterised by various mutation rates.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Data Support the Dispersal Ability of the Glacier Tardigrade Hypsibius Klebelsbergi Mihelčič, 1959 Across the Environmental Barrier (Tardigrada)
    Entomol. Mitt. Zool. Mus. Hamburg 17 (194): 233-240 Hamburg, 15. November 2015 ISSN 0044-5223 Molecular data support the dispersal ability of the glacier tardigrade Hypsibius klebelsbergi Mihelčič, 1959 across the environmental barrier (Tardigrada) MIROSLAWA DABERT, HIERONYMUS DASTYCH & JACEK DABERT (with 4 figures) Abstract Two populations of the obligate glacier dweller, the tardigrade Hypsibius klebels- bergi Mihelčič, 1959, have been compared based on the mitochondrial COI gene frag- ment (DNA-barcode), a character hitherto unknown for this species. The animals orig- inated from cryoconite holes on two separated glaciers located at different altitudes in the Ötztal Alps. The lack of divergence in the mitochondrial COI as well as in nuclear 18S and 28S rRNA gene sequences between these two populations indicates the presence of probably only one population on both glaciers separated by a mountain’s ridge. Sequence data of the 18S rRNA gene are compared with such data already available for H. klebelsbergi. K e y w o r d s: Tardigrada, Hypsibius klebelsbergi, populations, glaciers, dispersion, COI, DNA-barcode, 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, the Ötztal Alps, Austria. Introduction The eutardigrade Hypsibius klebelsbergi Mihelčič, 1959 (the Hypsibiidae) represents the obligate glacier dweller (Dastych 2009, 2015) recorded so far only from several glaciers in the Austrian Central Alps. The species (Figs 1, 2) inhabits there the water-filled micro-caverns on the glacier surface, so-called cryoconite holes (e.g. Steinbock 1936, 1957, Dastych et al. 2003). Two other taxa, supposedly also obligate glacier inhabitants, Hypsibius janetscheki Ramazzotti, 1968 and H. thaleri Dastych, 2004, have been once only found on the glacier Nero in the Himalayas (Ramazzotti 1968, Janetschek 1990, Dastych 2004 a, b).
    [Show full text]
  • New Records on Cyclomorphosis in the Marine Eutardigrade Halobiotus Crispae (Eutardigrada: Hypsibiidae)
    G. Pilato and L. Rebecchi (Guest Editors) Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium on Tardigrada J. Limnol., 66(Suppl. 1): 132-140, 2007 New records on cyclomorphosis in the marine eutardigrade Halobiotus crispae (Eutardigrada: Hypsibiidae) Nadja MØBJERG1)*, Aslak JØRGENSEN2), Jette EIBYE-JACOBSEN3), Kenneth AGERLIN HALBERG1,3) Dennis PERSSON1,3) and Reinhardt MØBJERG KRISTENSEN3) 1)Department of Molecular Biology, August Krogh Building, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark 2)DBL – Centre for Health Research and Development, University of Copenhagen, Jægersborg Allé 1D, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark 3)Natural History Museum, Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark *e-mail corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT Halobiotus crispae is a marine eutardigrade belonging to Hypsibiidae. A characteristic of this species is the appearance of seasonal cyclic changes in morphology and physiology, i.e. cyclomorphosis. Halobiotus crispae was originally described from Nipisat Bay, Disko Island, Greenland. The present study investigates the distribution of this species and describes the seasonal appearance of cyclomorphic stages at the southernmost locality, Vellerup Vig in the Isefjord, Denmark. Our sampling data indicate that the distribution of H. crispae is restricted to the Northern Hemisphere where we now have found this species at seven localities. At Vellerup Vig data from sampling cover all seasons of the year and all of the originally described cyclomorphic stages have been found at this locality. However, when comparing the lifecycles of H. crispae at Nipisat Bay and Vellerup Vig, profound differences are found in the time of year, as well as the period in which these stages appear.
    [Show full text]
  • Meplitumen Aluna Gen. Nov., Sp. Nov. an Interesting Eutardigrade (Hypsibiidae, Itaquasconinae) from the Sierra Nevada De Santa Marta, Colombia
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 865: 1–20 (2019) New Itaquasconinae from Colombia 1 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.865.30705 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Meplitumen aluna gen. nov., sp. nov. an interesting eutardigrade (Hypsibiidae, Itaquasconinae) from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia Oscar Lisi1,2, Anisbeth Daza2, Rosana Londoño2, Sigmer Quiroga2,3, Giovanni Pilato1 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy 2 Grupo de Investigación MIKU, Universidad del Magdalena, Carrera 32 # 22-08, Santa Marta DTCH, Colombia 3 Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Programa de Biología, Universidad del Mag- dalena, Carrera 32 # 22-08, Santa Marta DTCH, Colombia Corresponding author: Oscar Lisi ([email protected]) Academic editor: Sandra McInnes | Received 23 October 2018 | Accepted 11 June 2019 | Published 22 July 2019 http://zoobank.org/DF6A9937-7897-48DD-9CA7-3B866A2892AF Citation: Lisi O, Daza A, Londoño R, Quiroga S, Pilato G (2019) Meplitumen aluna gen. nov., sp. nov. an interesting eutardigrade (Hypsibiidae, Itaquasconinae) from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. ZooKeys 865: 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.865.30705 Abstract A new genus of Itaquasconinae, Meplitumen gen. nov., and a new species, Meplitumen aluna sp. nov., are described. The new genus has characters present in other genera of Itaquasconinae but in a unique combina- tion. The spiral thickening of the bucco-pharyngeal tube is also present anteriorly to the insertion point of the stylet supports, excluding only the short portion where the apophyses for the insertion of the stylet muscles (AISM) are present.
    [Show full text]
  • Tardigrade Ecology
    Glime, J. M. 2017. Tardigrade Ecology. Chapt. 5-6. In: Glime, J. M. Bryophyte Ecology. Volume 2. Bryological Interaction. 5-6-1 Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists. Last updated 9 April 2021 and available at <http://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology2/>. CHAPTER 5-6 TARDIGRADE ECOLOGY TABLE OF CONTENTS Dispersal.............................................................................................................................................................. 5-6-2 Peninsula Effect........................................................................................................................................... 5-6-3 Distribution ......................................................................................................................................................... 5-6-4 Common Species................................................................................................................................................. 5-6-6 Communities ....................................................................................................................................................... 5-6-7 Unique Partnerships? .......................................................................................................................................... 5-6-8 Bryophyte Dangers – Fungal Parasites ............................................................................................................... 5-6-9 Role of Bryophytes
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Investigation of Copper Tolerance and Identification Of
    ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 28 February 2017 doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00095 Comparative Investigation of Copper Tolerance and Identification of Putative Tolerance Related Genes in Tardigrades Thomas L. Hygum 1,DannieFobian1,MariaKamilari1, Aslak Jørgensen 1,MortenSchiøtt2, Martin Grosell 3 and Nadja Møbjerg 1* 1 Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2 Centre for Social Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, 3 Marine Biology and Fisheries, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA Tardigrades are microscopic aquatic animals renowned for their tolerance toward extreme environmental conditions. The current study is the first to investigate their tolerance toward heavy metals and we present a novel tardigrade toxicant tolerance assay based on activity assessments as a measure of survival.Specifically,wecompare Edited by: tolerance toward copper in four species representing different evolutionary lineages, Robert Huber, Bowling Green State University, USA habitats and adaptation strategies, i.e., a marine heterotardigrade, Echiniscoides Reviewed by: sigismundi,alimno-terrestrialheterotardigrade,Echiniscus testudo,alimno-terrestrial Robert Michael McKay, eutardigrade, Ramazzottius oberhaeuseri, and a marine eutardigrade, Halobiotus Bowling Green State University, USA Thomas C. Boothby, crispae.Thelatterwassampledatatimeofyear,whenthepopulationis predominantly University of North Carolina,
    [Show full text]
  • Phylum Tardigrada: a Re-Evaluation of the Parachela
    Zootaxa 2819: 51–64 (2011) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2011 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Phylum Tardigrada: A re-evaluation of the Parachela NIGEL J. MARLEY1,3, SANDRA J. MCINNES2 & CHESTER J. SANDS2 1Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Marine Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom 2British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, United King- dom 3Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract We assessed the available morphological evidence to see if this corroborates the paraphyly in the Parachela (Tardigrada) as suggested by recent molecular data. We reconcile molecular phylogenetics with alpha morphology, focusing on claw and apophysis for the insertion of the stylet muscles (AISM). We combine molecular and morphological evidence to de- fine six new taxa within the Parachela Schuster et al 1980. These include two new families of Isohypsibiidae fam. nov. and Ramazzottidae fam. nov. along with four new superfamilies of Eohypsibioidea superfam. nov., Hypsibioidea super- fam. nov., Isohypsibioidea superfam. nov., and Macrobiotoidea superfam. nov. Key words: Tardigrade, Eohypsibioidea superfam. nov., Hypsibioidea superfam. nov., Isohypsibioidea superfam. nov., Macrobiotoidea superfam. nov., Isohypsibiidae fam. nov., Ramazzottidae fam. nov., Morphology, Molecular, Systemat- ics Introduction Familial level taxa that have separated into distinct lineages over many millions of years are usually clearly identi- fiable via a unique suite of morphological characters. In some groups, particularly the “lesser-known” or “minor” phyla, basic morphology may be so strongly conserved that deep divergences are often difficult to detect or resolve.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity and Distribution of Tardigrades in Soils of Edmonson Point (Northern Victoria Land, Continental Antarctica)
    CZECH POLAR REPORTS 2 (2): 61-70, 2012 Diversity and distribution of tardigrades in soils of Edmonson Point (Northern Victoria Land, continental Antarctica) Jerzy Smykla1, Nataliia Iakovenko2, Miloslav Devetter3, Łukasz Kaczmarek4 1Department of Biodiversity, Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland. Present address: Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 601 S. Coll. Rd., Wilmington, NC 28403, USA 2Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine and University of Ostrava, Chittusiho 10, 701 03 Ostrava, Czech Republic 3Biology Centre Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Soil Biology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic 4Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, A. Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland Abstract This work contributes to the knowledge on distribution, diversity and ecology of the Antarctic soil biota. Different soil habitats from several ice-free coastal sites were sampled along the Victoria Land across 7° of latitude from 71° to 78°S during five austral summer seasons between 2003/04 and 2011/12. In this paper we report preliminary data on soil tardigrades (water bears) from Edmondson Point, Northern Victoria Land. Tardigrades were found to be present in 23 of the 41 examined soil samples (56%). Their presence was associated exclusively with soil samples collected from bryophytes communities and under cyanobacterial mats, whereas they were completely absent in fellfield and ornithogenic soils. Tardigrades were least numerous among all soil micrometazoans, their abundance in the positive samples was very variable and ranged from 3 to 1824 individuals per 100 g of soil DW.
    [Show full text]