DOCSLIB.ORG

Phylogeography in Sexual and Parthenogenetic European Oribatida

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Phylogeography in Sexual and Parthenogenetic European Oribatida GÖTTINGER ZENTRUM FÜR BIODIVERSITÄTSFORSCHUNG UND ÖKOLOGIE - GÖTTINGEN CENTRE FOR BIODIVERSITY AND ECOLOGY - Phylogeography in sexual and parthenogenetic European Oribatida Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doctor rerum naturalium an der Georg-August Universität Göttingen vorgelegt von Dipl. Biol. Martin Julien Rosenberger aus Langen, Hessen Referent: Prof. Dr. Stefan Scheu Koreferent: PD Dr. Mark Maraun Tag der Einreichung: 21 Oktober 2010 Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: Curriculum Vitae Curriculum Vitae Personal data Name: Martin Julien Rosenberger Address: Brandenburgerstrasse 53, 63329 Egelsbach Date of Birth: October 31st 1980 Place of Birth: Langen (Hessen) Education 1987-1991 Wilhelm Leuschner Primary School, Egelsbach 1991-2000 Abitur at Dreieich-Schule, Langen 2000-2006 Study of Biology at Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany 2006-2007 Diploma thesis: “Postglaziale Kolonisation von Zentraleuropa durch parthenogenetische (Platynothrus peltifer) und sexuelle (Steganacarus magnus) Hornmilben (Oribatida)” at Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany under supervision of Dipl. Biol. Katja Domes and Prof. Dr. S. Scheu 2007-2008 Scientific assistant at Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany 2008-2009 Scientific officer Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany Since 2009 PhD student at the Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany at the J. F. Blumenbach Insitute of Zoology and Anthropology under supervision of Prof. Dr. S. Scheu 2009-2010 Scientific officer at the Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany International Congress Contributions March 2008 Annual mesofauna meeting Vienna talk March 2009 DZG PhD meeting, Munich talk April 2009 Annual mesofauna meeting, Goettingen talk Curriculum Vitae March 2010 Annual mesofauna meeting, Innsbruck talk Other Experiences April/May 2007/08 Supervision of the alternative practical course for „Spezielle Zoologie‟ at Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany February 2010 Supervision of the practical course „Evolutionary Ecology‟ at Georg August University Göttingen, Germany Further supervision Jennifer Wilhein “Intraspezifische genetische Varianz bei Arten der Gattung Eupteryx (Cicadellidae/Typhlocybinae) in Deutschland“, Diploma thesis 2009 Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany Valerie Biewener “Thechniques in Molecular Biology”, research intership 2009/10 at Georg August University Göttingen, Germany Erik-Thor Hagenah “Thechniques in Molecular Biology”, research intership 2009/10 at Georg August University Göttingen, Germany Helge von Saltzwedel “Ecological niche differentiation of the parthenogenetic oribatid mite Oppiella nova (Acari, Oribatida) investigated by molecular markers”, Diploma thesis 2010 Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany Table of Contents Table of Contents Summary ................................................................................................................................................. I Zusammenfassung ................................................................................................................................. II Chapter One General Introduction ..................................................................................................... 2 1.1 Phylogeography ............................................................................................................................. 2 1.1.1 Ice ages ................................................................................................................................... 2 1.1.2 Cryptic refugia ....................................................................................................................... 3 1.1.3 Barcoding ............................................................................................................................... 3 1.1.4 Molecular markers ................................................................................................................. 3 1.2 Oribatid mites ................................................................................................................................ 4 1.3 Sex versus parthenogenesis ........................................................................................................... 6 1.4 Objectives ...................................................................................................................................... 7 Chapter Two Genetic diversity in a soil living microarthropod species: Cryptic species and reconstruction of the evolution of genetic complexity ........................................................................ 8 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 9 2.2 Materials and methods................................................................................................................. 10 2.2.1 Taxon sampling .................................................................................................................... 10 2.2.2 DNA extraction and sequencing ........................................................................................... 12 2.2.3 Phylogeographic and population genetic analyses .............................................................. 12 2.3 Results ......................................................................................................................................... 13 2.3.1 Network ................................................................................................................................ 13 2.3.2 Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses ..................................................................... 20 2.4 Discussion ................................................................................................................................... 28 2.5 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................... 31 Chapter Three Is there a cryptic species complex in the oribatid mite Steganacarus magnus (Nicolet, 1855) (Acari, Oribatida)? .................................................................................................... 32 3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 33 3.2 Materials and methods................................................................................................................. 34 3.2.1 Taxon sampling .................................................................................................................... 34 3.2.2 DNA extraction and sequencing ........................................................................................... 35 3.2.3 Phylogenetic, population genetic and statistical analyses ................................................... 36 3.3 Results ......................................................................................................................................... 37 3.3.1 Phylogenetic analyses .......................................................................................................... 37 3.3.2 Network ................................................................................................................................ 43 3.3.3 Population genetic analyses ................................................................................................. 49 3.4 Discussion ................................................................................................................................... 52 i Table of Contents 3.5 Conclusions ................................................................................................................................. 53 Chapter Four Differential colonization of Europe by sexual and asexual oribatid mite species: post- and pre- ice age events ............................................................................................................... 54 4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 55 4.2 Materials and methods................................................................................................................. 56 4.2.1 Taxon sampling .................................................................................................................... 56 4.2.2 DNA extraction and sequencing ........................................................................................... 59 4.2.3 Phylogeographic, population genetic and statistical analyses ............................................ 59 4.3 Results ......................................................................................................................................... 60 4.3.1 Nothrus silvestris .................................................................................................................. 60 4.3.2 Platynothrus peltifer ............................................................................................................. 72 4.3.3 Achipteria coleoptrata .......................................................................................................... 86 4.3.4 Steganacarus magnus ........................................................................................................... 99 4.4 Discussion ................................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ecology of Soil Microarthropods in Gobi Gurvan Saykhan Mountains, Southern Mongolia Tsedev Bolortuya National University of Mongolia
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei Institut für Biologie der Martin-Luther-Universität / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Halle-Wittenberg Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298 2005 Ecology of Soil Microarthropods in Gobi Gurvan Saykhan Mountains, Southern Mongolia Tsedev Bolortuya National University of Mongolia Badamdorj Bayartogtokh National University of Mongolia, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/biolmongol Part of the Asian Studies Commons, Biodiversity Commons, Desert Ecology Commons, Environmental Sciences Commons, Nature and Society Relations Commons, Other Animal Sciences Commons, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons, and the Zoology Commons Bolortuya, Tsedev and Bayartogtokh, Badamdorj, "Ecology of Soil Microarthropods in Gobi Gurvan Saykhan Mountains, Southern Mongolia" (2005). Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298. 120. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/biolmongol/120 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Institut für Biologie der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298 by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. In: Proceedings of the symposium ”Ecosystem Research in the Arid Environments of Central Asia: Results, Challenges, and Perspectives,” Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, June 23-24, 2004. Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei (2005) 5. Copyright 2005, Martin-Luther-Universität. Used by permission. Erforsch. biol. Ress. Mongolei (Halle/Saale) 2005 (9): 53–58 Ecology of soil microarthropods in Gobi Gurvan Saykhan mountains, southern Mongolia Ts.
    [Show full text]
  • Entomopathogenic Fungi and Bacteria in a Veterinary Perspective
    biology Review Entomopathogenic Fungi and Bacteria in a Veterinary Perspective Valentina Virginia Ebani 1,2,* and Francesca Mancianti 1,2 1 Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; [email protected] 2 Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-050-221-6968 Simple Summary: Several fungal species are well suited to control arthropods, being able to cause epizootic infection among them and most of them infect their host by direct penetration through the arthropod’s tegument. Most of organisms are related to the biological control of crop pests, but, more recently, have been applied to combat some livestock ectoparasites. Among the entomopathogenic bacteria, Bacillus thuringiensis, innocuous for humans, animals, and plants and isolated from different environments, showed the most relevant activity against arthropods. Its entomopathogenic property is related to the production of highly biodegradable proteins. Entomopathogenic fungi and bacteria are usually employed against agricultural pests, and some studies have focused on their use to control animal arthropods. However, risks of infections in animals and humans are possible; thus, further studies about their activity are necessary. Abstract: The present study aimed to review the papers dealing with the biological activity of fungi and bacteria against some mites and ticks of veterinary interest. In particular, the attention was turned to the research regarding acarid species, Dermanyssus gallinae and Psoroptes sp., which are the cause of severe threat in farm animals and, regarding ticks, also pets.
    [Show full text]
  • Occurrence of Ticks on Mule Deer in Central Utah
    Great Basin Naturalist Volume 37 Number 3 Article 7 9-30-1977 Occurrence of ticks on mule deer in central Utah Jordan C. Pederson Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, Environmental Studies, Springville, Utah Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn Recommended Citation Pederson, Jordan C. (1977) "Occurrence of ticks on mule deer in central Utah," Great Basin Naturalist: Vol. 37 : No. 3 , Article 7. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn/vol37/iss3/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Great Basin Naturalist by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. OCCURRENCE OF TICKS ON MULE DEER IN CENTRAL UTAH Jordan C. Pederson' Abstract.— Two species of ticks were collected from mule deer and identified as Dertnacentor alhipictus (Packard) and Ixodes sp. The rate of occurrence of these ticks was found to be 99.6 percent and 0.4 percent, re- spectively. The infestation rate increased from 18.2 percent in January, to 87.5 percent in February, to 100.0 per- cent in March. From January through March 1976, a ens (1967) found this parasite on mule deer mule deer {Odocoileus hemionus Rafi- in Daggett County, Utah, where the pro- nescjue) trapping operation was conducted portion of deer infested with this tick rose by Utah State University, the Cooperative from 37 percent in January to 92 percent in Wildhfe Research Unit, and the Utah State March of 1960.
    [Show full text]
  • 2009 Vermilion, Alberta
    September 2010 ISSN 0071‐0709 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 57th ANNUAL MEETING OF THE Entomological Society of Alberta November 5‐7, 2009 Vermilion, Alberta Content Entomological Society of Alberta Board of Directors for 2009 .............................................................. 3 Annual Meeting Committees for 2009 ................................................................................................. 3 President’s Address ............................................................................................................................. 4 Program of the 57th Annual Meeting.................................................................................................... 6 Oral Presentation Abstracts ................................................................................................................10 Poster Presentation Abstracts.............................................................................................................21 Index to Authors.................................................................................................................................24 Minutes of the Entomology Society of Alberta Executive/Board of Directors Meeting ........................26 Minutes of the Entomological Society of Alberta 57th Annual General Meeting...................................29 2009 Regional Director to the Entomological Society of Canada Report ..............................................32 2009 Northern Director’s Reports .......................................................................................................33
    [Show full text]
  • New Species of Fossil Oribatid Mites (Acariformes, Oribatida), from the Lower Cretaceous Amber of Spain
    Cretaceous Research 63 (2016) 68e76 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Cretaceous Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/CretRes New species of fossil oribatid mites (Acariformes, Oribatida), from the Lower Cretaceous amber of Spain * Antonio Arillo a, , Luis S. Subías a, Alba Sanchez-García b a Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain b Departament de Dinamica de la Terra i de l'Ocea and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, E- 08028 Barcelona, Spain article info abstract Article history: Mites are relatively common and diverse in fossiliferous ambers, but remain essentially unstudied. Here, Received 12 November 2015 we report on five new oribatid fossil species from Lower Cretaceous Spanish amber, including repre- Received in revised form sentatives of three superfamilies, and five families of the Oribatida. Hypovertex hispanicus sp. nov. and 8 February 2016 Tenuelamellarea estefaniae sp. nov. are described from amber pieces discovered in the San Just outcrop Accepted in revised form 22 February 2016 (Teruel Province). This is the first time fossil oribatid mites have been discovered in the El Soplao outcrop Available online 3 March 2016 (Cantabria Province) and, here, we describe the following new species: Afronothrus ornosae sp. nov., Nothrus vazquezae sp. nov., and Platyliodes sellnicki sp. nov. The taxa are discussed in relation to other Keywords: Lamellareidae fossil lineages of Oribatida as well as in relation to their modern counterparts. Some of the inclusions Neoliodidae were imaged using confocal laser scanning microscopy, demonstrating the potential of this technique for Nothridae studying fossil mites in amber.
    [Show full text]
  • The Armoured Mite Fauna (Acari: Oribatida) from a Long-Term Study in the Scots Pine Forest of the Northern Vidzeme Biosphere Reserve, Latvia
    FRAGMENTA FAUNISTICA 57 (2): 141–149, 2014 PL ISSN 0015-9301 © MUSEUM AND INSTITUTE OF ZOOLOGY PAS DOI 10.3161/00159301FF2014.57.2.141 The armoured mite fauna (Acari: Oribatida) from a long-term study in the Scots pine forest of the Northern Vidzeme Biosphere Reserve, Latvia 1 2 1 Uģis KAGAINIS , Voldemārs SPUNĢIS and Viesturs MELECIS 1 Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, 3 Miera Street, LV-2169, Salaspils, Latvia; e-mail: [email protected] (corresponding author) 2 Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology, Faculty of Biology,University of Latvia, 4 Kronvalda Blvd., LV-1586, Riga, Latvia; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: In 1992–2012, a considerable amount of soil micro-arthropods has been collected annually as a part of a project of the National Long-Term Ecological Research Network of Latvia at the Mazsalaca Scots Pine forest sites of the North Vidzeme Biosphere Reserve. Until now, the data on oribatid species have not been published. This paper presents a list of oribatid species collected during 21 years of ongoing research in three pine stands of different age. The faunistic records refer to 84 species (including 17 species new to the fauna of Latvia), 1 subspecies, 1 form, 5 morphospecies and 18 unidentified taxa. The most dominant and most frequent oribatid species are Oppiella (Oppiella) nova, Tectocepheus velatus velatus and Suctobelbella falcata. Key words: species list, fauna, stand-age, LTER, Mazsalaca INTRODUCTION Most studies of Oribatida or the so-called armoured mites (Subías 2004) have been relatively short term and/or from different ecosystems simultaneously and do not show long- term changes (Winter et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Diapause and Quiescence As Two Main Kinds of Dormancy and Their Significance in Life Cycles of Mites and Ticks (Chelicerata: Arachnida: Acari)
    Acarina 17 (1): 3–32 © Acarina 2009 DIAPAUSE AND QUIESCENCE AS TWO MAIN KINDS OF DORMANCY AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE IN LIFE CYCLES OF MITES AND TICKS (CHELICERATA: ARACHNIDA: ACARI). PART 2. PARASITIFORMES V. N. Belozerov Biological Research Institute, St. Petersburg State University, Peterhof 198504, Russia; e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Concerning the problem of life history and such an important its aspect as seasonality of life cycles and their control enabled by dormant stages, the parasitiform mites reveal the obvious similarity with the acariform mites. This concerns the pres- ence of both main kinds of dormancy (diapause and quiescence). The great importance in the seasonal control of life cycles in some parasitiform mites, like in acariform mites, belongs also for combinations of diapause with non-diapause arrests, particularly with the post-diapause quiescence (PDQ). This type of quiescence evoked after termination of diapause and enabling more accu- rate time-adjustment in recommencement of active development, is characteristic of both lineages of the Parasitiformes — Ixodida and Mesostigmata (particularly Gamasida). The available data show that in ixodid ticks the PDQ may be resulted similarly after developmental and behavioral diapause. Reproductive diapause combined with the PDQ is characteristic of some gamasid mites (particularly the family Phytoseiidae), while most gamasid and uropodid mites with phoretic dispersal reveal the dormant state (apparently of diapause nature) at the deutonymphal stage. The uncertainty between diapause and non-diapause dormancy is retained in some many cases (even in ixodid ticks and phytoseiid mites), and the necessity of further thorough study of different forms of diapause and non-diapause arrests in representatives of the Acari is noted therefore.
    [Show full text]
  • A NEW SPECIES of the FAMILY ALYCIDAE (ACARI, ENDEOSTIGMATA) from SOUTHERN SIBERIA, RUSSIA Matti Uusitalo
    Acarina 28 (2): 109–113 © Acarina 2020 A NEW SPECIES OF THE FAMILY ALYCIDAE (ACARI, ENDEOSTIGMATA) FROM SOUTHERN SIBERIA, RUSSIA Matti Uusitalo Zoological Museum, Center for Biodiversity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: A new species is described from southern Siberia, Tuva Republic, Russia: Amphialycus (Amphialycus) holarcticus sp. n. (Acari, Endeostigmata, Alycidae). This species can be recognized by its broad naso with longitudinally arranged striae; two pairs of cheliceral setae, posterior one being forked; three pairs of adoral setae; and a large number of genital setae. Two pairs of palpal eupathidia are close to each other, representing a kind of transitional form towards the fusion of the basal parts of eupathidia, observed in the subgenus Orthacarus. KEY WORDS: Mites, Amphialycus, taxonomy, Asia. DOI: 10.21684/0132-8077-2020-28-2-109-113 INTRODUCTION Mites of the family Alycidae G. Canestrini and chaelia Uusitalo, 2010 and should be re-examined. Fanzago, 1877 (Acari, Endeostigmata) are free- For example, Bimichaelia ramosus was redescribed living soil-dwellers, characterized by a worldwide and renamed as Laminamichaelia shibai Uusitalo distribution. A recent revision of the family by et al., 2020 in a recent review of the South African Uusitalo (2010) has focused on the European spe- Alycidae (Uusitalo et al. 2020). cies. Meanwhile, species from other regions are Furthermore, Bimichaelia grandis was de- virtually unknown. For example, alycids were not scribed by Berlese (1913) from the island of Java, included in a recent thorough checklist of the mites Indonesia; this species will be redescribed based of Pakistan (Halliday et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Wildlife Ecology Provincial Resources
    MANITOBA ENVIROTHON WILDLIFE ECOLOGY PROVINCIAL RESOURCES !1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank: Olwyn Friesen (PhD Ecology) for compiling, writing, and editing this document. Subject Experts and Editors: Barbara Fuller (Project Editor, Chair of Test Writing and Education Committee) Lindsey Andronak (Soils, Research Technician, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada) Jennifer Corvino (Wildlife Ecology, Senior Park Interpreter, Spruce Woods Provincial Park) Cary Hamel (Plant Ecology, Director of Conservation, Nature Conservancy Canada) Lee Hrenchuk (Aquatic Ecology, Biologist, IISD Experimental Lakes Area) Justin Reid (Integrated Watershed Management, Manager, La Salle Redboine Conservation District) Jacqueline Monteith (Climate Change in the North, Science Consultant, Frontier School Division) SPONSORS !2 Introduction to wildlife ...................................................................................7 Ecology ....................................................................................................................7 Habitat ...................................................................................................................................8 Carrying capacity.................................................................................................................... 9 Population dynamics ..............................................................................................................10 Basic groups of wildlife ................................................................................11
    [Show full text]
  • Hotspots of Mite New Species Discovery: Sarcoptiformes (2013–2015)
    Zootaxa 4208 (2): 101–126 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Editorial ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2016 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4208.2.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:47690FBF-B745-4A65-8887-AADFF1189719 Hotspots of mite new species discovery: Sarcoptiformes (2013–2015) GUANG-YUN LI1 & ZHI-QIANG ZHANG1,2 1 School of Biological Sciences, the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand 2 Landcare Research, 231 Morrin Road, Auckland, New Zealand; corresponding author; email: [email protected] Abstract A list of of type localities and depositories of new species of the mite order Sarciptiformes published in two journals (Zootaxa and Systematic & Applied Acarology) during 2013–2015 is presented in this paper, and trends and patterns of new species are summarised. The 242 new species are distributed unevenly among 50 families, with 62% of the total from the top 10 families. Geographically, these species are distributed unevenly among 39 countries. Most new species (72%) are from the top 10 countries, whereas 61% of the countries have only 1–3 new species each. Four of the top 10 countries are from Asia (Vietnam, China, India and The Philippines). Key words: Acari, Sarcoptiformes, new species, distribution, type locality, type depository Introduction This paper provides a list of the type localities and depositories of new species of the order Sarciptiformes (Acari: Acariformes) published in two journals (Zootaxa and Systematic & Applied Acarology (SAA)) during 2013–2015 and a summary of trends and patterns of these new species. It is a continuation of a previous paper (Liu et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Weed Management on Soil Mites in Coffee Plantations in A
    Neotropical Biology and Conservation 14(2): 275–289 (2019) doi: 10.3897/neotropical.14.e38094 RESEARCH ARTICLE Effects of weed management on soil mites in coffee plantations in a Neotropical environment Efeito dos diferentes tipos de métodos de manejo de ervas daninhas em ácaros de solo em plantações de café Patrícia de Pádua Marafeli1, Paulo Rebelles Reis2, Leopoldo Ferreira de Oliveira Bernardi1, Elifas Nunes de Alcântara2, Pablo Antonio Martinez3 1 Universidade Federal de Lavras, Departamento de Entomologia, Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, Lavras, MG, Brazil 2 Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais, EcoCentro Lavras, MG, Brazil 3 Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina Corresponding author: Leopoldo Ferreira de Oliveira Bernardi ([email protected]) Academic editor: A.M. Leal-Zanchet | Received 28 October 2018 | Accepted 31 March 2019 | Published 25 July 2019 Citation: Pádua Marafeli P, Reis PR, Oliveira Bernardi LF, Alcântara EN, Martinez PA (2019) Effects of weed management on soil mites in coffee plantations in a Neotropical environment. Neotropical Biology and Conservation 14(2): 275–289. https://doi.org/10.3897/neotropical.14.e38094 Abstract Environmental disturbance, as a result of land use change and/or different agricultural practices, may have negative impacts on the richness and abundance of edaphic mites. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different weed management methods in coffee plantations on edaphic mites, and to compare these results with mite communities of native forest habitats in southeastern Brazil. Soil samples were taken between the rows of a coffee plantation under different weed management methods, such as without weeding, manual weeding, agricultural grid, contact herbicide (glyphosate), residual herbicide (oxyfluorfen), mechanical tiller, and mechanical mower, and in a native forest area.
    [Show full text]
  • Dermacentor Albipictus) in Two Regenerating Forest Habitats in New Hampshire, Usa
    ABUNDANCE OF WINTER TICKS (DERMACENTOR ALBIPICTUS) IN TWO REGENERATING FOREST HABITATS IN NEW HAMPSHIRE, USA Brent I. Powers and Peter J. Pekins Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA. ABSTRACT: Recent decline in New Hampshire’s moose (Alces alces) population is attributed to sus- tained parasitism by winter ticks (Dermacentor albipictus) causing high calf mortality and reduced productivity. Location of larval winter ticks that infest moose is dictated by where adult female ticks drop from moose in April when moose preferentially forage in early regenerating forest in the northeast- ern United States. The primary objectives of this study were to: 1) measure and compare larval abun- dance in 2 types of regenerating forest (clear-cuts and partial harvest cuts), 2) measure and compare larval abundance on 2 transect types (random and high-use) within clear-cuts and partial harvests, and 3) identify the date and environmental characteristics associated with termination of larval questing. Larvae were collected on 50.5% of 589 transects; 57.5% of transects in clear-cuts and 44.3% in partial cuts. The average abundance ranged from 0.11–0.36 ticks/m2 with abundance highest (P < 0.05) in partial cuts and on high-use transects in both cut types over a 9-week period; abundance was ~2 × higher during the principal 6-week questing period prior to the first snowfall. Abundance (collection rate) was stable until the onset of < 0°C and initial snow cover (~15 cm) in late October, after which collection rose temporarily on high-use transects in partial harvests during a brief warm-up.
    [Show full text]