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ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺣﺸﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺟﻠﺪ 9 ، ﺷﻤﺎره 3 ، ﺳﺎل 1396 ، ( -267 275) داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﻲ، واﺣﺪ اراك ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺣﺸﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺷﺎﭘﺎ 4668- 2008 (ﻋﻠﻤﻲ - ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ) http://jer.iau-arak.ac.ir ﺟﻠﺪ 9 ، ﺷﻤﺎره 3 ، ﺳﺎل 1396 ، ( 295-277) ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻓﻮن ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎك زي در ﺧﺎك ﻫﺎي آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ (ﺳﺮب، ﻛﺎدﻣﻴﻮم و ﻧﻴﻜﻞ) و ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺘﻲ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻲ از اﺻﻔﻬﺎن * ﻣﺮﻳﻢ ﻛﺮﺑﺎﺳﻴﺎن1 ، ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ ﺟﻼﻟﻲ زﻧﺪ2 -1 داﻧﺸﺠﻮي ﺣﺸﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﮔﺮوه ﮔﻴﺎه ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﻲ واﺣﺪ اﺻﻔﻬﺎن (ﺧﻮراﺳﮕﺎن)، اﺻﻔﻬﺎن -2 داﻧﺸﻴﺎر، ﮔﺮوه ﮔﻴﺎه ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﻲ واﺣﺪ اﺻﻔﻬﺎن (ﺧﻮراﺳﮕﺎن)، اﺻﻔﻬﺎن ﭼﻜﻴﺪه در اﻳﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻃﻲ ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي 1393- 1394 در ﺧﺎك ﻫﺎي آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺘﻲ و ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎه و ﻓﻮﻻد ﻣﺒﺎرﻛﻪ اﺻﻔﻬﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ، در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 13 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ 11 ﺟﻨﺲ و 8 ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده از ﻳﻚ ﮔﺮوه و دو راﺳﺘﻪ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ در ﺑﻴﻦ آن ﻫﺎ 10 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ داراي ﻋﻼﻣﺖ * ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻮن اﺻﻔﻬ ﺎن ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ Tyrophagus perniciosus ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺧﺎك ﻫﺎي آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد ﺗﻌﺪاد زﻳﺎدي ﭘﺮوﺗﻮﻧﻤﻒ از اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در اﻳﻦ ﺧﺎك ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲ رﺳﺪ ﻛﻪ اﻓﺮاد اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري را ﺑﺎ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺧﺎك ﻫﺎﻳﻲ دارﻧﺪ. ﮔﻮﻧﻪ Galumna rossica ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺧﺎك ﻫﺎي آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ در ﺣﺪود 41 درﺻﺪ از ﻛﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪه از اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع ﺧﺎك ﻫﺎ را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص داده ﺑﻮد. ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲ رﺳﺪ اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري را ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎك ﻫﺎي آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ G. rossica ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺳﺮب و ﻧﻴﻜﻞ راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ داﺷﺖ وﻟﻲ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺑﻴﺶ از اﻧﺪازه ﻛﺎدﻣﻴﻮم ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﺪ. در اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ در ﺧﺎك ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. اﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻗﺮار زﻳﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ : I. Astigmata Laelapidae Acaridae 7. Gaeolaelaps aculifer Conestrini (1884) 1. Tyrophagus putrescentiae Schrank (1781) 8. Euandrolaelaps karawaiewi Berlese (1903) 2. T. similis Volgin (1949)* Phytoseiidae 3. T. perniciosus Zakhvatkin (1941)* 9. Neoseiulus barkeri Hughes (1948)* II. Mesostigmata III. Cryptostigmata Ameroseiidae Galumnidae 4. Ameroseius lidiae Bregetova (1977)* 10. Galumna tarsipe nnata Oudemans (1913)* Ascidae 11. Galumna rossica Sellnick (1926)* 5. Arctoseius pristinus Karg (1962) Nothridae 6. Antennoseius bacatus Athias Henriot (1961)* 12. Nothrus biciliatus Koch (1841)* Oppiidae 13. Microppia minus Paoli (1908)* واژه ﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﻴﺪي: ﻓﻮن، ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﻛﺰي، ﺧﺎك ﻫﺎي آﻟﻮده، ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎه، ﻓﻮﻻد ﻣﺒﺎرﻛﻪ، ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ * ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪه راﺑﻂ، ﭘﺴﺖ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻜﻲ: [email protected] ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ : /9/27 -96 ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﭘﺬﻳﺮش ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ: /14 /12 96 ٢٧٧ ﻛﺮﺑﺎﺳﻴﺎن و ﺟﻼﻟﻲ زﻧﺪ: ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻓﻮن ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﻛﺰي در ﺧﺎك ﻫﺎي آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ... ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ زﻳﺴﺖ ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ﻋﻤﺪه زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺷﺪن و ﻧﻮﮔﺮاﻳﻲ ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﺑﺸﺮي ﺷﺪت ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. در ﻳﻚ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر از آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ زﻳﺴﺖ اﻳﺠﺎد ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮب در ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ، ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ، ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﺻﻠﻲ ﺣﻴﺎت ﻳﻌﻨﻲ آب، ﺧﺎك و ﻫﻮا اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي ﻛﻪ ﺑﻘﺎ و ﺳﻼﻣﺖ اﻧﺴﺎن و دﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدات زﻧﺪه را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻄﺮ اﻧﺪاﺧﺘﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﺤﺪود ﺷﺪن ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ آن ﻫﺎ ﺷﻮد ( Markert, 1993 ). ). ﺧﻄﺮ آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﺧﺎك ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ازآﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﻫﻮا ﻧﻴﺴﺖ اﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ اﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﻣﻠﻤﻮس ﻧﺒﻮده و ﺗﻮﺳﻂ اﻓﺮاد ﻏﻴﺮ ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎس ﻗﺎﺑﻞ درك ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻟﺬا ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ آن ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ( Karabi et al ., 2013 ). ﻣﺤﺪوده وﺳﻴﻌﻲ از ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت آﻟﻲ و ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﺧﺎك ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. اﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ، ﻣﻮاد ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺣﺘﺮاق، ﻣﻮاد ﻓﺎﺳﺪ ﺷﺪﻧﻲ، ﻫﺮزاب ﻫﺎي ﺧﻄ ﺮﻧﺎك، ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪات ﻧﻔﺘﻲ و ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻨﻔﺠﺮه ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ( Ghosh & Singh, 2005 ). ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻓﻮﻻد ﻣﺒﺎرﻛﻪ واﻗﻊ در 75 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮي ﺟﻨﻮب ﻏﺮﺑﻲ اﺻﻔﻬﺎن ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻓﻮﻻد ﻛﺸﻮر اﺳﺖ. ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎت و ﭘﺴﻤﺎﻧﺪ ﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از اﻳﻦ ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺠﺎور اﻳﻦ ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ( Sadri lonbani et al. , 2015 ). از ﻣﻴﺎن ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺳﺮب، ﻛﺎدﻣﻴﻮم، ﻧﻴﻜﻞ ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ آﻻﻳﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﻛﻪ در ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد ﻣﻲ آورﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﺧﺎك ﺑﻪ ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﻳﻜﻲ دﻳﮕﺮ از ﻣﺸﻜﻼت زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺑﻪ وﻳﮋه در اﻃﺮاف ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺖ اﺳﺖ. ( Asgarian, 2011 ). ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺲ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎه ﻧﻔﺖ اﺻﻔﻬﺎن در ﺳﺎل 1358 ، رﺷﺪ روز اﻓﺰون ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ و ﻋﺪم رﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ زﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ در دﻫﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺧﻴﺮ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ از آﻻﻳﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ اﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎه وارد ﻣﺤﻴﻂ زﻳﺴﺖ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻋﻤﺪه آن ﻫﺎ در ﻣﺤﻴﻂ زﻳﺴﺖ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﭘﻴﺪا ﻛﺮده و ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ ﺟﺪي ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻼﻣﺖ اﻧﺴﺎن و ﻣﻮﺟﻮدات زﻧﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﻲ آﻳ ﻨﺪ (Asgarian, 2011 ). ). ﻣﻮﺟﻮدات زﻧﺪه ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ در اﺟﺮاي وﻇﺎﻳﻒ ﺧﺎك در ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ زﻳﺴﺖ ﻋﻬﺪه دار ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺣﻀﻮر ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ و ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدات را ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﺮار دﻫﻨﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان از ﻣﻮﺟﻮدات زﻧﺪه ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ از ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺧﺎك اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد ( Schloter et al. , 2003 ). ). ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﻣﻨﮕﻨﺰ، ﻣﺲ، ﺳﺮب در ﺑﺪن ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ارﻳﺒﺎﺗﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ اﺛﺒﺎت رﺳﻴﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﻴﻦ اﻣﺮ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﻴﻦ اﻳﻦ ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻌﻴﺎرﻫﺎي اﻛﻮﺗﻮﻛﺴﻴﻜﻮﻟﻮژي1 ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮاردﻫﻨﺪ ( Haddad irani nezhad, 2004 ). ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺜﺎل ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت زﻳﺎدي در ﻣﻮرد ﻋﻜﺲ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻨﺪﭘﺎﻳﺎن ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻌﺪن ﻛﺎري آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺳﺮب، ﻛﺎدﻣﻴﻮم و روي اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳ ﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﻨﺪ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﺑﻨﺪﭘﺎﻳﺎن در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ آﻟﻮده زﻳﺎد ﺗﺮ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ ( Russel & Alberti, 1998 ). ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ در داﺧﻞ ﺧﺎك ﺑﺪون اﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮي در ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻛﻠﻲ ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد آﻳﺪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺟﺎﻧﺸﻴﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺣﺴﺎس ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ. در ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻘﺎوم ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻚ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ زﻳﺴﺘﻲ در ﺧﺎك اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ( Van Stralen, 1998 ). ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ﻫﺪف از اﻧﺠﺎم اﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﺛﺮ ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ و ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺠﺎور ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻓﻮﻻد ﻣﺒﺎرﻛﻪ و ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎه اﺻﻔﻬﺎن ﺑﺮ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎك زي و ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي زﻳﺴﺘﻲ از ﺧﺎك ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎك زي ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. 1- Ecotoxicology ٢٧٨ ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺣﺸﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺟﻠﺪ 9 ، ﺷﻤﺎره 3 ، ﺳﺎل 1396 ، ( 295-277) ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎه اﺻﻔﻬﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺎت ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ 32 درﺟﻪ و 46 دﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ و 51 درﺟﻪ و30 دﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺷﺮﻗﻲ و ارﺗﻔﺎع 1689 ﻣﺘﺮ از ﺳﻄﺢ درﻳﺎ و ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﺒﺎرﻛﻪ اﺻﻔﻬﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺎت ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ 32 درﺟﻪ و 22 دﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ و 51 درﺟﻪ و 31 دﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺷﺮﻗﻲ و ارﺗﻔﺎع 1670 ﻣﺘﺮ از ﺳﻄﺢ درﻳﺎ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻮاد و روش ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎك زي ﺧﺎك ﻫﺎي آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ و ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﻃﻲ ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي 94-93 در ﻓﺼﻞ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻬﺎر، ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن، ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن از ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎه اﺻﻔﻬﺎن و روﺳﺘﺎي ﻗﻠﻌﻪ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ از ﺗﻮاﺑﻊ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﺮﻛﺰي ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺒﺎرﻛﻪ (ﻣﺤﻞ ﻛﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻓﻮﻻد) ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري ﺷﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎك را ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ و ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ زﻳﮕﺰاﮔﻲ و از ﻋﻤﻖ 10ـ 15 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮي ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎك و ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻠﭽﻪ ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻪ و درون ﻛﻴﺴﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺗﻴﺮه رﻧﮓ رﻳﺨﺘﻪ و ﺑﺮﭼﺴﺐ ﺣﺎوي اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ، ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري، ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري روي ﻫﺮ ﻛﻴﺴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﭼﺴﺒﺎﻧﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﺒﺎرﻛﻪ از زﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﺎي اﻃﺮاف ﻓﻮﻻد ﻣﺒﺎرﻛﻪ ﻛﻪ داراي ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز ﻣﺘﻨﻮع و ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻛﻢ و ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪه ﺑﻮد ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﻮ ﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري اﺑﺘﺪا از ﺧﺎكﻫﺎي آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﻧﻔﺘﻲ در داﺧﻞ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎه و در اﻃﺮاف واﺣﺪ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﭘﺴﺎب ﭼﻬﺎر ﺑﻪ اﺑﻌﺎد 5×5 ﻣﺘﺮ ﻛﻪ داراي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ و ﻣﺤﻞ دﻳﮕﺮي ﻛﻪ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ از ﭼﻬﺎر ﻣﺤﻞ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﺑﻮد ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﺎﻫﺪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و ﻣﻘﺪار آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺮح داده ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ در آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. ﻃﻲ ﻫﺮ ﻓﺼﻞ 5 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ( 4 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ از ﻣﺤﻞ ﻫﺎي آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﻫﺎ و ﻳﻚ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ) ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ و ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪه ﻃﻲ ﻓﺼﻮل ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﺎل ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ 5 ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري ﺑﻪ ﻫﻴﺪروﻛ ﺮﺑﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺘﻲ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎه از ﻫﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺧﺎك 500 ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻟﻴﺘﺮي 10 ﮔﺮم ﺗﻮزﻳﻦ و ﭘﺲ از ﻋﺒﻮر دادن از اﻟﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه 10 ﮔﺮم ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت ﺳﺪﻳﻢ (ﺟﻬﺖ آب ﮔﻴﺮي ﺑﻬﺘﺮ) در داﺧﻞ ﻛﺎﻏﺬ ﻣﺨﺼﻮص ﺗﻴﻤﺒﻞ1 ﻗﺮار داده ﺷﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﻛﺎﻏﺬ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﺣﺎوي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ در داﺧﻞ ﻓﻼﺳﻚ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ اي دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﺳﻮﻛﺴﻠﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ و از ﻫﺮﻳﻚ از ﺣﻼل ﻫﺎي ان ﻫﮕﺰان و دي ﻛﻠﺮوﻣﺘﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان 140 ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻼﺳﻚ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ اي دﺳﺘﮕﺎه اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪ و دﻣﺎي ﻫﻴﺘﺮ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه روي 60-70 درﺟﻪ ﺳﻠﺴﻴﻮس ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺷﺪ. ﭘﺲ از ﻃﻲ 12 ﺳﻴﻜﻞ ﺳﻮﻛﺴﻠﻪ، ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺗﻴﺮه رﻧﮕﻲ در داﺧﻞ ﻓﻼﺳﻚ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﺟﻤﻊ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﻛﻨ ﻨﺪه ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻆ و ﭘﺲ از ﺧﺎرج ﺷﺪن ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﻼل ﻫﺎ ﻓﻼﺳﻚ ﺣﺎوي ﻋﺼﺎره وزن ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ وزن ﺧﺸﻚ اﺑﺘﺪاﻳﻲ ﻓﻼﺳﻚ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻛﻞ ﻫﻴﺪرو ﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ و ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻔﺘﻲ در 4 ﻣﺤﻞ آﻟﻮده و ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪ. در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻓﻮﻻد ﻣﺒﺎرﻛﻪ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ آﻟﻮده و ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﺎ اﺑﻌﺎد 5×5 ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ و از ﻫﺮﻣﺤﻞ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ و ﺑﻪ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎه ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ اﺑﺘﺪا ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮد. از ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻫﺎ ﻃﻲ ﭼﻬﺎر ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﺎل ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آوردن ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻳﻚ ﮔﺮم از ﺧﺎك ﻋﺒﻮر داده ﺷﺪه از اﻟﻚ ﻣ ﺶ 60 در داﺧﻞ ارﻟﻦ 50 ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻟﻴﺘﺮي ﻗﺮار داده ﺷﺪ و ﭘﺲ از اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﺮدن 10 ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ اﺳﻴﺪ ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﻚ روي دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﻴﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت 140 درﺟﻪ ﺳ ﻠﺴﻴﻮس ﻗﺮار داده ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻌﺪ از ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ آب اﻛﺴﻴﮋﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ از ارﻟﻦ ﻫﺎ اﻓﺰوده و ﺗﺎ زﻣﺎن ﻋﺴﻠﻲ رﻧﮓ ﺷ ﺪن ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﺣﺮارت داده ﺷﺪ. ﭘﺲ از ﺳﺮد ﺷﺪن ارﻟﻦ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل از ﻛﺎﻏﺬ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﻋﺒﻮر داده ﺷﺪ و در ﺑﺎﻟﻦ 50 1.
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  • New Species of Fossil Oribatid Mites (Acariformes, Oribatida), from the Lower Cretaceous Amber of Spain

    New Species of Fossil Oribatid Mites (Acariformes, Oribatida), from the Lower Cretaceous Amber of Spain

    Cretaceous Research 63 (2016) 68e76 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Cretaceous Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/CretRes New species of fossil oribatid mites (Acariformes, Oribatida), from the Lower Cretaceous amber of Spain * Antonio Arillo a, , Luis S. Subías a, Alba Sanchez-García b a Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain b Departament de Dinamica de la Terra i de l'Ocea and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, E- 08028 Barcelona, Spain article info abstract Article history: Mites are relatively common and diverse in fossiliferous ambers, but remain essentially unstudied. Here, Received 12 November 2015 we report on five new oribatid fossil species from Lower Cretaceous Spanish amber, including repre- Received in revised form sentatives of three superfamilies, and five families of the Oribatida. Hypovertex hispanicus sp. nov. and 8 February 2016 Tenuelamellarea estefaniae sp. nov. are described from amber pieces discovered in the San Just outcrop Accepted in revised form 22 February 2016 (Teruel Province). This is the first time fossil oribatid mites have been discovered in the El Soplao outcrop Available online 3 March 2016 (Cantabria Province) and, here, we describe the following new species: Afronothrus ornosae sp. nov., Nothrus vazquezae sp. nov., and Platyliodes sellnicki sp. nov. The taxa are discussed in relation to other Keywords: Lamellareidae fossil lineages of Oribatida as well as in relation to their modern counterparts. Some of the inclusions Neoliodidae were imaged using confocal laser scanning microscopy, demonstrating the potential of this technique for Nothridae studying fossil mites in amber.
  • Phylogeography in Sexual and Parthenogenetic European Oribatida

    Phylogeography in Sexual and Parthenogenetic European Oribatida

    GÖTTINGER ZENTRUM FÜR BIODIVERSITÄTSFORSCHUNG UND ÖKOLOGIE - GÖTTINGEN CENTRE FOR BIODIVERSITY AND ECOLOGY - Phylogeography in sexual and parthenogenetic European Oribatida Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doctor rerum naturalium an der Georg-August Universität Göttingen vorgelegt von Dipl. Biol. Martin Julien Rosenberger aus Langen, Hessen Referent: Prof. Dr. Stefan Scheu Koreferent: PD Dr. Mark Maraun Tag der Einreichung: 21 Oktober 2010 Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: Curriculum Vitae Curriculum Vitae Personal data Name: Martin Julien Rosenberger Address: Brandenburgerstrasse 53, 63329 Egelsbach Date of Birth: October 31st 1980 Place of Birth: Langen (Hessen) Education 1987-1991 Wilhelm Leuschner Primary School, Egelsbach 1991-2000 Abitur at Dreieich-Schule, Langen 2000-2006 Study of Biology at Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany 2006-2007 Diploma thesis: “Postglaziale Kolonisation von Zentraleuropa durch parthenogenetische (Platynothrus peltifer) und sexuelle (Steganacarus magnus) Hornmilben (Oribatida)” at Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany under supervision of Dipl. Biol. Katja Domes and Prof. Dr. S. Scheu 2007-2008 Scientific assistant at Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany 2008-2009 Scientific officer Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany Since 2009 PhD student at the Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany at the J. F. Blumenbach Insitute of Zoology and Anthropology under supervision of Prof. Dr. S. Scheu 2009-2010 Scientific officer at the Georg August University, Göttingen,
  • Hotspots of Mite New Species Discovery: Sarcoptiformes (2013–2015)

    Hotspots of Mite New Species Discovery: Sarcoptiformes (2013–2015)

    Zootaxa 4208 (2): 101–126 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Editorial ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2016 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4208.2.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:47690FBF-B745-4A65-8887-AADFF1189719 Hotspots of mite new species discovery: Sarcoptiformes (2013–2015) GUANG-YUN LI1 & ZHI-QIANG ZHANG1,2 1 School of Biological Sciences, the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand 2 Landcare Research, 231 Morrin Road, Auckland, New Zealand; corresponding author; email: [email protected] Abstract A list of of type localities and depositories of new species of the mite order Sarciptiformes published in two journals (Zootaxa and Systematic & Applied Acarology) during 2013–2015 is presented in this paper, and trends and patterns of new species are summarised. The 242 new species are distributed unevenly among 50 families, with 62% of the total from the top 10 families. Geographically, these species are distributed unevenly among 39 countries. Most new species (72%) are from the top 10 countries, whereas 61% of the countries have only 1–3 new species each. Four of the top 10 countries are from Asia (Vietnam, China, India and The Philippines). Key words: Acari, Sarcoptiformes, new species, distribution, type locality, type depository Introduction This paper provides a list of the type localities and depositories of new species of the order Sarciptiformes (Acari: Acariformes) published in two journals (Zootaxa and Systematic & Applied Acarology (SAA)) during 2013–2015 and a summary of trends and patterns of these new species. It is a continuation of a previous paper (Liu et al.
  • Geological History and Phylogeny of Chelicerata

    Geological History and Phylogeny of Chelicerata

    Arthropod Structure & Development 39 (2010) 124–142 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Arthropod Structure & Development journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/asd Review Article Geological history and phylogeny of Chelicerata Jason A. Dunlop* Museum fu¨r Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity at the Humboldt University Berlin, Invalidenstraße 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany article info abstract Article history: Chelicerata probably appeared during the Cambrian period. Their precise origins remain unclear, but may Received 1 December 2009 lie among the so-called great appendage arthropods. By the late Cambrian there is evidence for both Accepted 13 January 2010 Pycnogonida and Euchelicerata. Relationships between the principal euchelicerate lineages are unre- solved, but Xiphosura, Eurypterida and Chasmataspidida (the last two extinct), are all known as body Keywords: fossils from the Ordovician. The fourth group, Arachnida, was found monophyletic in most recent studies. Arachnida Arachnids are known unequivocally from the Silurian (a putative Ordovician mite remains controversial), Fossil record and the balance of evidence favours a common, terrestrial ancestor. Recent work recognises four prin- Phylogeny Evolutionary tree cipal arachnid clades: Stethostomata, Haplocnemata, Acaromorpha and Pantetrapulmonata, of which the pantetrapulmonates (spiders and their relatives) are probably the most robust grouping. Stethostomata includes Scorpiones (Silurian–Recent) and Opiliones (Devonian–Recent), while
  • Genome and Metagenome of the Phytophagous Gall-Inducing Mite Fragariocoptes Setiger (Eriophyoidea): Are Symbiotic Bacteria Responsible for Gall-Formation?

    Genome and Metagenome of the Phytophagous Gall-Inducing Mite Fragariocoptes Setiger (Eriophyoidea): Are Symbiotic Bacteria Responsible for Gall-Formation?

    Genome and Metagenome of The Phytophagous Gall-Inducing Mite Fragariocoptes Setiger (Eriophyoidea): Are Symbiotic Bacteria Responsible For Gall-Formation? Pavel B. Klimov ( [email protected] ) X-BIO Institute, Tyumen State University Philipp E. Chetverikov Saint-Petersburg State University Irina E. Dodueva Saint-Petersburg State University Andrey E. Vishnyakov Saint-Petersburg State University Samuel J. Bolton Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, Florida, USA Svetlana S. Paponova Saint-Petersburg State University Ljudmila A. Lutova Saint-Petersburg State University Andrey V. Tolstikov X-BIO Institute, Tyumen State University Research Article Keywords: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Betabaculovirus Posted Date: August 20th, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-821190/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/16 Abstract Eriophyoid mites represent a hyperdiverse, phytophagous lineage with an unclear phylogenetic position. These mites have succeeded in colonizing nearly every seed plant species, and this evolutionary success was in part due to the mites' ability to induce galls in plants. A gall is a unique niche that provides the inducer of this modication with vital resources. The exact mechanism of gall formation is still not understood, even as to whether it is endogenic (mites directly cause galls) or exogenic (symbiotic microorganisms are involved). Here we (i) investigate the phylogenetic anities of eriophyoids and (ii) use comparative metagenomics to test the hypothesis that the endosymbionts of eriophyoid mites are involved in gall-formation. Our phylogenomic analysis robustly inferred eriophyoids as closely related to Nematalycidae, a group of deep-soil mites belonging to Endeostigmata.
  • Fine Structure of Receptor Organs in Oribatid Mites (Acari)

    Fine Structure of Receptor Organs in Oribatid Mites (Acari)

    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Biosystematics and Ecology Jahr/Year: 1998 Band/Volume: 14 Autor(en)/Author(s): Alberti Gerd Artikel/Article: Fine structure of receptor organs in oribatid mites (Acari). In: EBERMANN E. (ed.), Arthropod Biology: Contributions to Morphology, Ecology and Systematics. 27-77 Ebermann, E. (Ed) 1998:©Akademie Arthropod d. Wissenschaften Biology: Wien; Contributions download unter towww.biologiezentrum.at Morphology, Ecology and Systematics. - Biosystematics and Ecology Series 14: 27-77. Fine structure of receptor organs in oribatid mites (Acari) G. A l b e r t i Abstract: Receptor organs of oribatid mites represent important characters in taxonomy. However, knowledge about their detailed morphology and function in the living animal is only scarce. A putative sensory role of several integumental structures has been discussed over years but was only recently clarified. In the following the present state of knowledge on sensory structures of oribatid mites is reviewed. Setiform sensilla are the most obvious sensory structures in Oribatida. According to a clas- sification developed mainly by Grandjean the following types are known: simple setae, trichobothria, eupathidia, famuli and solenidia. InEupelops sp. the simple notogastral setae are innervated by two dendrites terminating with tubulär bodies indicative of mechanore- ceptive cells. A similar innervation was seen in trichobothria ofAcrogalumna longipluma. The trichobothria are provided with a setal basis of a very high complexity not known from other arthropods. The setal shafts of these two types of sensilla are solid and without pores. They thus represent so called no pore sensilla (np-sensilla).
  • Taxonomic Study of Oribatid Mites (Acari, Oribatida) of Bi Dup—Nui Ba National Park (Southern Vietnam)

    Taxonomic Study of Oribatid Mites (Acari, Oribatida) of Bi Dup—Nui Ba National Park (Southern Vietnam)

    Zootaxa 3834 (1): 001–086 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Monograph ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3834.1.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:82E287A1-C51B-4196-8C53-FB3BA2CE6899 ZOOTAXA 3834 Taxonomic study of oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) of Bi Dup—Nui Ba National Park (southern Vietnam) SERGEY G. ERMILOV1,4 & ALEXANDER E. ANICHKIN2,3 1Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] 2Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center, Hanoi-Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam 3A.N. Severtsov Institute of Problems of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] 4Corresponding author Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand Accepted by E. Sidorchuk: 7 May 2014; published: 8 Jul. 2014 SERGEY G. ERMILOV & ALEXANDER E. ANICHKIN Taxonomic study of oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) of Bi Dup—Nui Ba National Park (southern Vietnam) (Zootaxa 3834) 86 pp.; 30 cm. 8 Jul. 2014 ISBN 978-1-77557-447-7 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-77557-448-4 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2014 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ © 2014 Magnolia Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated, in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher, to whom all requests to reproduce copyright material should be directed in writing. This authorization does not extend to any other kind of copying, by any means, in any form, and for any purpose other than private research use.
  • Fine Structure of the Primary Eyes in Heterochthonius Gibbus (Oriba- Tida

    Fine Structure of the Primary Eyes in Heterochthonius Gibbus (Oriba- Tida

    S O I L O R G A N I S M S Volume 84 (2) 2012 pp. 391–408 ISSN: 1864-6417 Fine structure of the primary eyes in Heterochthonius gibbus (Oriba- tida, Heterochthoniidae) with some general remarks on photosensitive structures in oribatid and other actinotrichid mites. Gerd Alberti1, 3 and Ana Isabel Moreno-Twose2 1 Zoologisches Institut und Museum, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Johann-Sebastian-Bach-Str. 11/12, 17489 Greifswald, Germany 2 Volkswagen Navarra, S. A., A. C. 1311, 31080 Pamplona, Spain 3 corresponding author: Gerd Alberti (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract Heterochthonius gibbus is an oribatid mite which has three eyes located on the prodorsum: an externally unpaired median eye, and a pair of posterolateral eyes. The fine structure of these eyes shows that they consist of a few retinula cells bearing rhabdomeric microvilli. The median eye has two small retinas that are inverted with respect to the cuticular cornea (lens) and each lateral eye has a single retina that is everted. In both types, a thin corneagen layer is located underneath the cornea. The receptor cells are partly surrounded by pigment cells, which are derived from epidermal cells. The location and structure of the eyes, representing typical arachnid ocelli, suggest that they are plesiomorphic structures in contrast to the clear spots and lenticuli occurring on the notogaster of some so-called higher Oribatida (Brachypylina). A scenario which could describe the evolution of photosensitivity or photosensitive structures in oribatid mites is presented. Since clear spots and the spectacular lenticuli evidently are apomorphic features, their potential value for phylogenetic systematics is stressed.
  • Mitochondrial Analysis of Oribatid Mites Provides Insights Into Their Atypical Trnas Annotation, Genome Rearrangement and Evolution

    Mitochondrial Analysis of Oribatid Mites Provides Insights Into Their Atypical Trnas Annotation, Genome Rearrangement and Evolution

    Mitochondrial Analysis of Oribatid Mites Provides Insights into Their Atypical tRNAs Annotation, Genome Rearrangement and Evolution Xuebing Zhan Wannan Medical College Bing Chen Wannan Medical College Yu Fang Wannan Medical College Fangyuan Dong Wannan Medical College Weixi Fang Wannan Medical College Qian Luo Wannan Medical College Lingmiao Chu Wannan Medical College Rui Feng Wannan Medical College Yan Wang Wannan Medical College Xuan Su Wannan Medical College Ying Fang Wannan Medical College Jiaoyang Xu Wannan Medical College Zetao Zuo Wannan Medical College Xingquan Xia Anhui Normal University Jiegen Yu Wannan Medical College Entao Sun ( [email protected] ) Wannan Medical College Research Keywords: Oribatid mites, mitochondrial genome, tRNA re-annotation, phylogeny Posted Date: November 24th, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-112152/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Version of Record: A version of this preprint was published at Parasites & Vectors on April 23rd, 2021. See the published version at https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04719-0. Page 1/18 Abstract Background: Mitochondrial (mt) genomes of Sarcoptiformes mites typically contain 37 genes. Loss of genes is rare in Sarcoptiformes mite mt genomes, but two of the six previously reported oribatid mites (Acariform Order Sarcoptiformes) are reported to have lost part of their tRNA genes. To determine whether these tRNA genes were indeed lost and whether the loss of tRNAs is universal, we re-annotated all of the available oribatid mites and sequenced the mt genome of Oribatula sakamorii. Methods: The mitogenome of O. sakamorii was sequenced with Illumina Hiseq sequencer.
  • Proquest Dissertations

    Proquest Dissertations

    Evolution of Uniparental Genetic Systems in Dermanyssine Mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON by Robert Hamish Cruickshank Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, LONDON SW7 5BD, England, UK Department of Biology, The Galton Laboratory, University College London, 4 Stephenson Way, LONDON NW l 2HE, England, UK September 1997 ProQuest Number: 10045787 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest 10045787 Published by ProQuest LLC(2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated, with love, to my wife Alice who I met and married whilst working on this project and who has put up with so much to help me get it finished. "The meaning of this degree is that the recipient of instruction is examined for the last time in his life, and is pronounced completely full. After this, no new ideas can be imparted to him. " Stephen Leacock "Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town” ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis could not have been completed without the guidence, enthusiasm and patience of my supervisor Dr.
  • Mitochondrial Analysis of Oribatid Mites Provides

    Mitochondrial Analysis of Oribatid Mites Provides

    Zhan et al. Parasites Vectors (2021) 14:221 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04719-0 Parasites & Vectors RESEARCH Open Access Mitochondrial analysis of oribatid mites provides insights into their atypical tRNA annotation, genome rearrangement and evolution Xue‑Bing Zhan2†, Bing Chen2†, Yu Fang1, Fang‑Yuan Dong2, Wei‑Xi Fang1, Qian Luo2, Ling‑Miao Chu1, Rui Feng1, Yan Wang1, Xuan Su1, Ying Fang1, Jiao‑Yang Xu1, Ze‑Tao Zuo1, Xing‑Quan Xia4*, Jie‑Gen Yu3* and En‑Tao Sun1* Abstract Background: The mitochondrial (mt) genomes of Sarcoptiformes mites typically contain 37 genes. Although the loss of genes is rare in Sarcoptiformes mite mitogenomes, two of the six previously reported oribatid mites (Acariforms: Sarcoptiformes) are reported to have lost parts of their tRNA genes. To confrm whether the tRNA genes were indeed lost and whether the loss is universal, we re‑annotated the available oribatid mite sequences and sequenced the mitogenome of Oribatula sakamorii. Methods: The mitogenome of O. sakamorii was sequenced using an Illumina HiSeq sequencer. The mt tRNA gene was annotated using multi‑software combined with a manual annotation approach. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using the maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods with concatenated nucleotide and amino acid sequences. Results: The mitogenomes of O. sakamorii contained 37 genes, including 22 tRNA genes. We identifed all mt tRNA genes that were reported as “lost” in Steganacarus magnus and Paraleius leontonychus and revealed certain atypical tRNA annotation errors in oribatid mite sequences. Oribatid mite mitogenomes are characterized by low rates of genetic rearrangement, with six or seven gene blocks conserved between the mitogenome of all species and that of ancestral arthropods.
  • Molecular Evolutionary Trends and Biosynthesis Pathways in the Oribatida Revealed by the Genome of Archegozetes Longisetosus

    Molecular Evolutionary Trends and Biosynthesis Pathways in the Oribatida Revealed by the Genome of Archegozetes Longisetosus

    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.10.420141; this version posted February 9, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Research Article - Discoveries 2 Molecular evolutionary trends and biosynthesis pathways in the Oribatida revealed by the 3 genome of Archegozetes longisetosus 4 Adrian Brückner1*, Austen A. Barnett2, Igor A. Antoshechkin1 and Sheila A. Kitchen1 5 1Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East 6 California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States of America 7 2Department of Biology, DeSales University, 2755 Station Avenue, Center Valley, PA 18034, 8 United States of America 9 * corresponding author: Adrian Brückner - [email protected] 10 11 Abstract 12 Oribatid mites are a specious order of microarthropods within the subphylum Chelicerata, 13 compromising about 11,000 described species. They are ubiquitously distributed across different 14 microhabitats in all terrestrial ecosystems around the world and were among the first animals 15 colonizing terrestrial habitats as decomposers and scavengers. Despite their species richness and 16 ecological importance genomic resources are lacking for oribatids. Here, we present a 190-Mb 17 genome assembly of the clonal, all-female oribatid mite species Archegozetes longisetosus Aoki, 18 a model species used by numerous laboratories for the past 30 years. Comparative genomic and 19 transcriptional analyses revealed patterns of reduced body segmentation and loss of segmental 20 identity gene abd-A within Acariformes, and unexpected expression of key eye development 21 genes in these eyeless mites across developmental stages.