Non-Aboriginal Heritage

20 Non-Aboriginal heritage

This chapter outlines the potential non-Aboriginal heritage impacts associated with the M4-M5 Link project (the project). A detailed non-Aboriginal heritage impact assessment has been undertaken for the project and is included in Appendix U (Technical working paper: Non-Aboriginal heritage).

The Secretary of the NSW Department of Planning and Environment (DP&E) has issued environmental assessment requirements for the project; these are referred to as Secretary's Environmental Assessment Requirements (SEARs). Table 20-1 sets outs these requirements and the associated desired performance outcomes that relate to non-Aboriginal heritage, and identifies where they have been addressed in this environmental impact statement (EIS).

Table 20-1 SEARs – non-Aboriginal heritage Desired performance SEARs Where addressed in the EIS outcome 14. Heritage 1. The Proponent must identify and Non-Aboriginal environmental assess any direct and/or indirect heritage values, including The design, construction impacts (including cumulative impacts) conservation areas, built heritage and operation of the to the heritage significance of listed landscapes and archaeology project facilitates, to the heritage items inclusive of: have been identified in section greatest extent possible, 20.2. The impacts of the project the long term protection, (c) environmental heritage, as defined on these values are assessed in conservation and under the Heritage Act 1977 section 20.3. The cumulative management of the (including potential items of heritage impact assessment of the project heritage significance of value, conservation areas, built on non-Aboriginal heritage is items of environmental heritage landscapes and included in Chapter 26 heritage and Aboriginal archaeology); (Cumulative impacts). objects and places. The design, construction (d) items listed on the National and There are no items listed on the and operation of the World Heritage lists; and National and World Heritage lists project avoids or within the study area. minimises impacts, to the greatest extent possible, on the heritage significance of environmental heritage and Aboriginal objects and places. (e) heritage items and conservation Potential impacts of the project on areas identified in local and regional non-Aboriginal heritage values, planning environmental instruments conservation areas, built heritage covering the project area. landscapes and archaeology have been assessed in section 20.3. 2. Where impacts to State or locally Assessments of heritage significant heritage items are identified, significance of State and local the assessment must: items are included in section 20.2. Statements of heritage (a) include a significance assessment impact are summarised in and statement of heritage impact for section 20.3 and included in all heritage items (including any Appendix U (Technical working unlisted places that are assessed of paper: Non-Aboriginal heritage). heritage value);

WestConnex M4-M5 Link 20-1 Roads and Maritime Services Environmental Impact Statement

Desired performance SEARs Where addressed in the EIS outcome (b) provide a discussion of alternative A discussion of the evolution of locations and design options that the project and alternative options have been considered to reduce considered is included in Chapter heritage impacts; 4 (Project development and alternatives). (c) in areas identified as having The archaeological potential potential archaeological within the study area is outlined in significance, undertake a section 20.2. The methodology comprehensive archaeological for the non-Aboriginal heritage assessment in line with Heritage assessment is outlined in section Council guidelines which includes a 20.1. An assessment of potential methodology and research design impacts of the project on to assess the impact of the works archaeology is provided in on the potential archaeological section 20.3. resource and to guide physical archaeological test excavations and include the results of these excavations; (d) consider impacts to the item of Potential impacts of the project on significance caused by, but not non-Aboriginal heritage have limited to, vibration, demolition, been assessed in section 20.3. archaeological disturbance, altered historical arrangements and access, increased traffic, visual amenity, landscape and vistas, curtilage, subsidence and architectural noise treatment (as relevant); (e) provide a comparative analysis to A comparative analysis of the inform the rarity and representative rarity and representative value of value of any heritage places non-Aboriginal heritage items that proposed for demolition; may be impacted by the project is included in Appendix U (Technical working paper: Non- Aboriginal heritage). (f) outline measures to avoid and Recommended management minimise those impacts in measures to minimise impacts on accordance with the current non-Aboriginal heritage are guidelines; and outlined in section 20.4. (g) be undertaken by a suitably The non-Aboriginal heritage qualified heritage consultant(s) impact assessment has been (note: where archaeological prepared by suitably qualified excavations are proposed the heritage consultants GML relevant consultant must meet the Heritage Pty Ltd (refer to NSW Heritage Council’s Excavation Appendix U (Technical working Director criteria). paper: Non-Aboriginal heritage).

WestConnex M4-M5 Link 20-2 Roads and Maritime Services Environmental Impact Statement

20.1 Assessment methodology 20.1.1 Overview The non-Aboriginal heritage impact assessment for the project identifies non-Aboriginal heritage values within the project footprint, assesses the potential impacts of the project on these values and identifies appropriate management measures to minimise these impacts. The methodology for the assessment included:

 Desktop review of statutory heritage lists including the State Heritage Register (SHR), heritage schedules on Local Environmental Plans (LEPs) and State Environmental Planning Policies (SEPPs) (including deemed SEPPs such as Sydney Regional Environmental Plans (SREPs)), Section 170 Heritage and Conservation Registers (S170 Registers), the National Heritage List (NHL) and the Commonwealth Heritage List (CHL)  Review of previous heritage reports, archaeological zoning plans and archaeological assessments prepared for relevant items and areas within the study area. This informed the preparation of detailed land use histories, which formed the basis for identifying potential heritage sites and historical archaeological resources  Field surveys of the study area to inspect listed heritage items, heritage conservation areas (HCAs) and potential archaeological sites, and to identify potential heritage items that may be affected by the project  Desktop historical research to inform the impact assessment, including review of relevant conservation management plans (CMPs) and other plans of management  Assessment of potential heritage impacts from construction and operation of the project. Cumulative impacts on non-Aboriginal heritage are assessed in Chapter 26 (Cumulative impacts)  Recommendation of appropriate environmental management measures to avoid, mitigate and/or manage potential impacts on relevant non-Aboriginal heritage values. 20.1.2 Legislation and policy framework The methodology for the non-Aboriginal heritage assessment applies the NSW heritage criteria set out in Assessing Heritage Significance, NSW Heritage Manual (NSW Heritage Office 2001). The assessment has been undertaken in accordance with the requirements of the Heritage Act 1977 (NSW), including identification of potential impacts on items of heritage value, HCAs, built heritage landscapes and archaeology. The following relevant legislation and guidelines have also been considered:

 Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (NSW) (EP&A Act)  Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Commonwealth)  Sydney Regional Environmental Plan (Sydney Harbour Catchment) 2005 (SREP SHC), a deemed SEPP  Sydney Regional Environmental Plan No. 26  City West (SREP 26), a deemed SEPP  Sydney Local Environmental Plan 2012 (Sydney LEP 2012)  Ashfield Local Environmental Plan 2013 (Ashfield LEP 2013)  Leichhardt Local Environmental Plan 2013 (Leichhardt LEP 2013)  Marrickville Local Environmental Plan 2011 (Marrickville LEP 2011)  Assessing Heritage Significance for Historical Archaeological Sites and ‘Relics’ (Heritage Branch of the NSW Department of Planning 2009)  Historical Archaeology Code of Practice (NSW Heritage Office 2006)  NSW Skeletal Remains: Guidelines for Management of Human Remains (NSW Heritage Office 1998)

WestConnex M4-M5 Link 20-3 Roads and Maritime Services Environmental Impact Statement

 Criteria for the assessment of excavation directors (Heritage Council of NSW 2011)  NSW Heritage Manual (Heritage Office and Department of Urban Affairs and Planning 1994)  How to Prepare Archival Records of Heritage Items (NSW Heritage Office 2003)  Assessing Heritage Significance, NSW Heritage Manual update (Heritage Council of NSW 2002a)  Statements of Heritage Impact, NSW Heritage Manual update (Heritage Council of NSW 2002b)  Archaeological Assessments: Archaeological Assessment Guidelines (NSW Heritage Office 1996)  Historical Archaeological Sites: Investigation and Conservation Guidelines (Heritage Council of NSW 1993)  The Burra Charter: the Australia International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) Charter for Places of Cultural Significance 2013 (the Burra Charter) (ICOMOS 2013). 20.1.3 Previous reports A review of archaeological and historical reports relevant to the project was completed and included the following:

 Rozelle Rail Yards Site Management Works review of environmental factors (REF) (Roads and Maritime 2016)  M4 East EIS  Non-Aboriginal Heritage Impact Assessment (GML 2015)  M4 East EIS (AECOM & GHD 2015a)  New M5 EIS  Non-Aboriginal Heritage Impact Assessment (AECOM 2015a)  New M5 EIS (AECOM 2015b)  Various heritage reports including CMPs and archaeological assessments as referenced in Appendix U (Technical working paper: Non-Aboriginal heritage). 20.1.4 Field survey Listed non-Aboriginal heritage items and areas identified as having the potential to be impacted (either directly or indirectly) by the project were subject to a targeted inspection to determine their current condition. Non-listed items of potential heritage significance were also identified during these inspections and assessed as having local significance. These inspections were used to inform an assessment of potential impacts on non-Aboriginal heritage values (potential impacts are assessed in section 20.3).

This process comprised:

 Review of known non-Aboriginal heritage listings to identify those properties with the potential to be directly or indirectly impacted during the construction or operation of the project  Compilation of available information of potentially impacted non-Aboriginal heritage listings, including past inspection photographs, as a baseline reference  Field inspections of the identified listings, which involved recording the current condition of each site. Each listed item was externally photographed and compared to past descriptions and photos. Interior features and/or conditions were determined based on the details provided within their respective database where relevant  Field investigation of other potential non-listed items of non-Aboriginal heritage, in addition to those known heritage listings that may be impacted by the project  Updates to existing background information with the results of the field inspections.

WestConnex M4-M5 Link 20-4 Roads and Maritime Services Environmental Impact Statement

Field surveys were carried out between May 2016 and May 2017 and included a pedestrian and vehicle survey. Sites marked on parish plans or identified as part of the survey were inspected and:

 The structure and/or features identified at each site were recorded  Photographs were taken of the structures/features with details maintained in a photo log  The structures/features were then assessed for historical significance. 20.1.5 Study area The study area for the non-Aboriginal heritage impact assessment comprises the project footprint and a buffer determined by the character and visual corridors surrounding the project footprint to ensure indirect impacts are appropriately assessed (ie visual impacts). The study area is separated into six areas that would be subject to surface disturbance as part of the project and the area above the mainline tunnel alignment. The six areas of surface disturbance comprise:

 Area 1  Haberfield/Ashfield (Option A around Wattle Street, and Option B around Alt Street and Bland Street)  Area 2  Leichhardt (around Darley Road)  Area 3  Rozelle, Lilyfield and Annandale (around the Rozelle Rail Yards, The Crescent, Rozelle Bay and Victoria Road)  Area 4  Iron Cove (around Victoria Road)  Area 5  Annandale (around Pyrmont Bridge Road and Parramatta Road)  Area 6  St Peters (around the St Peters interchange). Within the six areas of surface disturbance, 11 Historical Archaeological Management Units (HAMUs) have been identified to assess the level of archaeological potential within the study area, as outlined in Table 20-2. There are no HAMUs at Area 1 - Haberfield (for Option A1 only) and Area 6 - St Peters as these areas have been previously assessed as part of the M4 East and New M5 projects. Option B at Haberfield/Ashfield contains construction ancillary facilities which have not previously been subject to assessment by the M4 East project. This area has therefore been included in the M4-M5 Link assessment.

1 The EIS includes two possible combinations of construction ancillary facilities around Haberfield which have been grouped together in this EIS and are denoted by the suffix a (for Option A) or b (for Option B) (eg C1a Wattle Street civil and tunnel site, which is part of Option A).

WestConnex M4-M5 Link 20-5 Roads and Maritime Services Environmental Impact Statement

Table 20-2 HAMUs within the study area Area HAMU number HAMU name Area 1 – Haberfield/Ashfield HAMU 1 Haberfield/Ashfield Area 2 – Leichhardt HAMU 2 Darley Road Area 3 – Rozelle, Lilyfield and HAMU 3 Lilyfield Road and Gordon Street Annandale HAMU 4 Victoria Road/City West Link HAMU 5 Rozelle Rail Yards (West) HAMU 6 Rozelle Rail Yards (East) HAMU 7 White Bay Power Station Area 4 – Iron Cove HAMU 8 Iron Cove HAMU 9 Manning Street bioretention facility Area 5 – Annandale HAMU 10 Bignell Lane HAMU 11 Parramatta Road/Pyrmont Bridge Road Area 6 – St Peters None N/A

The study area and HAMUs are presented in Figure 20-1 to Figure 20-6.

WestConnex M4-M5 Link 20-6 Roads and Maritime Services Environmental Impact Statement

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w e LEGEND N Figure 20-6

20.1.6 Assessment of built heritage significance An assessment of built heritage significance was carried out for each listed heritage item or potential heritage item identified within the study area. This included heritage items and HCAs that may be subject to demolition, visual, setting, vibration and/or settlement impacts from the project.

The statements of significance for the assessed built heritage items have been drawn from the relevant state and local statutory and non-statutory heritage registers listed in section 20.1.1. Additional information on significance, including heritage curtilages, has been drawn from conservation reports, such as CMPs, conservation plans and heritage impact statements, where available. This detail is included in Appendix U (Technical working paper: Non-Aboriginal heritage). 20.1.7 Archaeological assessment The assessment of historical archaeological potential associated with various phases of history within the study area was based on consideration of the physical evidence observed during the field surveys, identified areas of previous disturbance, historical information about the development and occupation of the study area and previous archaeological assessments and investigations.

Each HAMU has been assessed for archaeological deposits. Based on this assessment the potential for archaeological remains within each HAMU has been designated as either nil, low, moderate or high. Following the assessment of potential archaeology for the individual HAMUs, a preliminary heritage significance assessment was completed for each HAMU. Each HAMU has been ascribed either nil, local or state heritage value in relation to its archaeological resources.

As the mainline tunnels would be generally located more than 20 metres below ground level, they are not likely to impact historical archaeology. 20.1.8 Approach to the assessment of potential impacts Impact ratings have been established to rank the degree of impact (ie severity) on non-Aboriginal heritage, as outlined in section 20.3. These impact ratings have been used for previous similar projects including the CBD and South East Light Rail Heritage Impact Assessment (GML 2013) and M4 East Non-Aboriginal Heritage Impact Assessment (GML 2015). It should be noted that the impact severity is not related to the significance of the heritage item.

The assessment has assigned an impact type to each heritage item and HCA as follows:

 Settlement (above tunnel)  Setting (including visual impacts)  Vibration  Partial demolition  Full demolition.

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Table 20-3 Non-Aboriginal heritage impact severity Impact severity rating Description Major adverse Severe, long-term and possibly irreversible impact on a heritage item that cannot be fully mitigated. Moderate adverse Adverse impact on a heritage item that could be reduced through appropriate mitigation measures. Minor adverse Minor adverse impact on a heritage item which may also be temporary and/or reversible. Neutral No heritage impact. Minor positive Minor benefit to a heritage item, such as removal of intrusive elements or fabric or a substantial improvement to the item’s visual setting. Moderate positive Moderate benefit to a heritage item, such as removal of intrusive elements or fabric or a substantial improvement to the item’s visual setting. Major positive Major benefit to a heritage item, such as reconstruction of significant fabric, removal of intrusive elements or reinstatement of an item’s visual setting or curtilage.

20.2 Existing environment 20.2.1 Rozelle Rail Yards Roads and Maritime is carrying out a suite of site management works on part of the Rozelle Rail Yards site. The works are needed to manage the existing environmental and safety issues at the site and would also improve access to surface conditions, which would allow for further investigation into the location of utilities and the presence of contamination and waste.

The site management works were subject to a separate environmental assessment. The works were assessed in an REF which was approved by Roads and Maritime under Part 5 of the EP&A Act in April 2017.

Key features of the works relevant to this heritage assessment include removal of existing above ground rail infrastructure including gantries, railway lines, ballast, sleepers and buildings (excluding the southern penstock, switching station, transformer and rail infrastructure to the east of the Victoria Road bridge) generally to a depth of 500 millimetres below ground level, except where drainage channels and sediment basins are required. Chapter 2 (Assessment process) provides further information on the scope and timing of activities to be carried out as part of the site management works.

Site management works will be carried out over a period of around 12 months and commenced in mid-2017. As the site management works will occur before the commencement of construction of the M4-M5 Link, the existing environment in this section is described as the finished site following completion of the site management works. In addition, potential cumulative impacts from the site management works and the construction and operation of the M4-M5 Link project have been assessed and are described in Chapter 26 (Cumulative impacts).

A heritage impact assessment was undertaken to inform the REF for site management works at the Rozelle Rail Yards (Roads and Maritime 2016). The assessment concluded that the site management works would not impact any listed heritage or potential historical archaeology items within the Rozelle Rail Yards. Minor adverse impacts were identified to Rozelle Rail Yards as a whole, being removal of the lighting tower and the Port Authority Building. These items were considered to have potential local significance as representative of the operation of the Rozelle Rail Yards in the first part of the 20th century. Recommended management measures included the appropriate treatment of fabric, salvage and retention of some of the key elements where possible (being the lighting tower and the rail

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gantries) and the incorporation of historic values into the future urban design and interpretive works for the area. 20.2.2 Historical overview This section provides an overview of the historical development of the land within the study area.

Area 1  Haberfield/Ashfield Haberfield and Ashfield located around seven kilometres west of the Sydney central business district (CBD). Haberfield retains a largely intact subdivision layout from the Federation era with many heritage listed items. Almost all of the suburb of Haberfield, from Dobroyd Canal (Iron Cove Creek) to Hawthorne Canal and northwest to Iron Cove (excluding the properties along Parramatta Road), is listed as an HCA of local (and nominated state significance) under the Ashfield LEP 2013.

Haberfield was Australia’s first fully planned and developed ‘garden suburb’ and is largely intact, with the form, materials, scale and setbacks of the predominantly brick Federation and interwar period houses and their landscaped gardens. The tree-lined streets provide consistent and aesthetically significant streetscapes. Land on the northern side of Parramatta Road between Dobroyd Parade and O’Connor Street, Haberfield, originally formed part of the Dobroyd Estate granted to Nicholas Bayley in 1803, known as Sunning Hill Farm. Land opposite this on the southern side of Parramatta Road from Page Avenue to Ashfield Park was originally part of a grant to Augustus Alt.

A businessman names Simeon Lord purchased Sunning Hill in 1805 and renamed it ‘Dobroyd’. His daughter Sarah Anne married Dr David Ramsay in 1825, and the couple were given the Dobroyd Estate as a component of Sarah’s dowry. The Ramsay’s built a timber cottage and garden on the property in 1826, named Dobroyd House. An additional house was constructed on the Dobroyd Estate west of Dobroyd House in 1855 called Yasmar.

The land from eastern side of Alt Street to eastern side of Bland Street was inherited by Mary Louisa Ramsay and contained Yasmar House. She sold the portion of land to Joseph and Albert Grace who subdivided it in 1905. This is the location of the proposed construction ancillary facilities containing the sites for the construction scenario Option B.

The block of land bound by Frederick, Henry, Alt Streets and Parramatta Road was purchased in 1859 by Thomas Wild from the Ashfield Estate subdivision. In the 1860s, Wild built a house on his land which he called ‘Gordon’. In 1876 the entire site was purchased by Thomas Walker for the establishment of the Ashfield Infants Home. The Home’s aim was for the shelter and care of foundling and orphaned children. This home remains on the site and the complex has, over the years, been enlarged with the construction of additional structures. No significant development was undertaken on the northern portion of the block fronting Parramatta Road.

The Parramatta Road frontage was developed in the early 1920s and was an early commercial strip. Businesses along this strip in 1924 included two grocers, a hairdresser, a motor garage (one of the earliest of many that would occupy parts of Parramatta Road), a timber yard, an electrician and a draper.

With the increasing ownership of cars in Sydney and the spreading suburbs, much of the land along Parramatta Road at Haberfield and Ashfield was redeveloped and now includes industrial sites including several car dealerships which remain the main business in this area. Within the project footprint for construction scenario Option B, most residential buildings have been replaced by open car parking or dealership showrooms. On the west side of Parramatta Road, this has included deep excavation into the slope of the site to the southwest. A row of early twentieth century buildings remain on the corner of Parramatta Road and Bland Street.

Within Area 1 at Haberfield for Option A, the following activities have already occurred as part of the M4 East project:

 Demolition of 53 properties within the Haberfield HCA for the construction of new motorway infrastructure, including dive structures, cut-and-cover tunnels, tunnels and noise barriers around the Wattle Street interchange

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 Site clearing, levelling and installation of construction ancillary facilities for the M4 East project known as the Wattle Street and Walker Avenue civil sites and the Northcote Street tunnel site. The heritage impacts of these works have been assessed as part of the M4 East EIS, including the construction of a ventilation facility near Parramatta Road (AECOM 2015). Cumulative impacts of the M4-M5 Link with other WestConnex component projects, including the M4 East project, are described and assessed in Chapter 26 (Cumulative impacts).

Area 2  Leichhardt Leichhardt is located about six kilometres west of the Sydney CBD. Residential development along Darley Road and the surrounding area is characterised by a broad range of architectural styles and typologies dating from the Victorian era to the present day, with a high degree of alterations and modifications to most properties. The Darley Road civil and tunnel site (C4) would be located on land originally forming part of a 270 acre grant to Ensign Hugh Piper in 1811, which he named the ‘Macquarie Gift’. His brother, Captain John Piper, was granted the 165 acres adjacent to Ensign Piper’s grant in 1811, and named the land ‘Piperston’. Captain Piper’s land in Leichhardt was later sold off in four portions. Area 2 is located within the 92 acres purchased by Jean Charles Prosper de Mestre in 1832. De Mestre became insolvent in 1843 and died later that year. After his death, the land was purchased by Henry Alfred Hindson. Hindson kept the property for 11 years and sold it to James Henderson in February 1856, who six months later sold it to George William Lord.

The former Goods Line, a former freight railway line route that connected Sydney Yard and the Sydney-Parramatta railway line to the shipping port of Darling Harbour, also runs adjacent to the Darley Road civil and tunnel site (C4). Development of the Goods Line has resulted in significant development modifications to the landscape.

In 1871, the suburbs of Leichhardt, Lilyfield and Annandale were incorporated in the Municipality of Leichhardt. Leichhardt was already well serviced by horse-drawn buses but there was mounting public pressure for steam trams. The tram network was completed in 1884 and was further extended north along Norton Street in 1889. The Abbotsford line was opened in 1890 and the trams were electrified by 1905.

Other key historical developments in the area included:

 The Goods Line and Leichhardt Goods Yards (1910–1916)  Construction of Darley Road (1919–1923)  Operation of the Leichhardt Goods Yards for various uses including the Inner West Light Rail Extension and the Leichhardt North light rail stop (although outside the study area) (1916– present)  City West Link (2000–present). Area 3  Rozelle, Lilyfield and Annandale Rozelle, Lilyfield and Annandale (around the Rozelle Rail Yards, The Crescent, Rozelle Bay and Victoria Road) are located around three kilometres west of the Sydney CBD. This area includes the Rozelle Rail Yards, The Crescent, Rozelle Bay and Victoria Road. The area is characterised by light industrial development, interspersed with parkland constructed above areas of 19th century reclamation and bisected by a network of modern roads. Late 19th century residential developments surround the northern boundary of the area.

Rozelle was originally part of the 550 acre Balmain Estate granted to William Balmain in 1800. The southern portion of the area is reclaimed land which was once part of the estuary of Rozelle Bay. With the spread of industry, there was pressure to develop the land with housing for workers and by the 1880s, the basic street layout of the peninsula was established. Original housing from the 1890s saw terraces and freestanding houses built along Lilyfield Road and Gordon Street. A number of these buildings remain today.

Easton Park was partially reclaimed from five acres of low lying, probably flood-prone, land. It was resumed for recreation ground in 1889 and proclaimed as Easton Park in 1890. Located close to the

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foreshore, it was the sole public space for recreation in Rozelle until additional lands were reclaimed at Rozelle Bay, White Bay and Iron Cove, and parkland created in the early 1900s.

In the early 19th century, the waterfronts around White Bay and Blackwattle Bay became home to industries relocating from inner Sydney. The first of these was the abattoir established on Glebe Island in 1860, followed by other noxious industries. By the mid-late 1800s, the shoreline was well developed with a range of industries utilising the ready access to ships.

The closure of the abattoir in 1912 led to the larger scale industrialisation of the neighbourhood. The waterfront was levelled for the construction of wharves, including what became the Glebe Island container terminal, and the Rozelle Bay wharves. The White Bay Power Station was built by the NSW Rail Commissioners on a series of amalgamated residential lots and the reclaimed mudflats of White Bay. The power station was originally built to power the rapidly expanding tramway network, but after becoming fully operational in 1917, it gradually produced more and more power initially for the electrified rail network and then for general use. The White Bay Power Station is now listed on the SHR.

Closely associated with the White Bay Power Station is the southern penstock in the north-eastern part of the Rozelle Rail Yards, east of Victoria Road Bridge. The southern penstock formed part of the power station cooling water system, which was integral to the operation of the complex.

In 1916, the Rozelle Rail Yards (then known as the Rozelle Marshalling Yard) were created as part of the Goods Line. The Rozelle Rail Yards were created by filling in much of the Whites Creek estuary, and through the quarrying of the rugged sandstone outcrops along the foreshore. The Rozelle Rail Yards were a locomotive depot until World War II, with an engine shed, turntable, water columns and coal storage facilities. Two large brick overbridges, the Catherine Street overbridge and the Victoria Road overbridge, were constructed in the 1920s as part of a larger rollout of overbridges across the Goods Line network.

In 1988, the last train of export grain arrived from Parkes at the Rozelle Rail Yards. In 1996, the Goods Line from Pyrmont to Rozelle closed. In 2000, the light rail line to Lilyfield opened, using the tracks from the Rozelle Rail Yards near Brenan Street. For a few years the yards were used irregularly, including for the unloading of wheat and the storage of concrete, but were completely closed in 2007.

Area 4  Iron Cove Area 4 is oriented along Victoria Road, a major thoroughfare located around three to four kilometres to the west of the Sydney CBD. The residential development fronting Victoria Road and occupying the adjacent cross streets is predominantly late 19th century workers’ housing. Iron Cove Bridge links the suburb of Rozelle to the suburb of Drummoyne to its northwest. The area is a small scale, irregular subdivision that exhibits a variety of building types and construction methods including single-fronted cottages, two storey terraces, and free-standing timber and stone single storey cottages, most with small front gardens.

The Iron Cove area is located in the south-western corner of the 550 acre Balmain Estate (also relevant to Area 3 above). In 1801, Balmain sold his entire holding for five shillings to John Bothwick Gilchrist in order to settle a debt. Balmain returned to England and this transaction remained unknown until after his death. The legality of the land transfer from Balmain to Gilchrist was challenged by Balmain's descendants and further development of the area was initially blocked. The first land was eventually sold in 1835.

From the 1830s to 1850s, Balmain developed as a suburb with a strong maritime industry. Along its coastline were boat yards, slipways, ships and wharves providing connections to the city via regular ferry services. In 1873, the government purchased Callan Park, located on the west of the Balmain boundary line, for the purpose of constructing a mental health hospital. The Callan Park Hospital was to provide relief from overcrowding and additional resources for the Gladesville Hospital for the Insane. The first patients from Gladesville were transferred to Callan Park in 1877 and housed in Garry Owen House.

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Also in 1873, Iron Cove Bridge was being built to connect Drummoyne and Rozelle. The original bridge was constructed of wrought-iron lattice girders and opened in 1882. In 2009, works began constructing a second bridge over Iron Cove. The second bridge was completed and opened in 2011. The adjacent parkland was restored at the same time.

King George Park was the site of a United States' service-men encampment during World War II. Possibly related to the encampment, there appears to be air raid trenches on historical aerial photos, visible as a zig-zag to the south of Victoria Road dug into the headlands by Iron Cove (refer to Figures 4-49 and 4-50 of Appendix U (Technical working paper: Non-Aboriginal heritage).

The site of the proposed bioretention facility on Manning Street at Rozelle remained vacant during this period, however an aerial photograph from 1943 suggests that a stormwater drain ran through the area, and into the Iron Cove Bay.

Since the 1920s, there were discussions to widen Victoria Road to accommodate the rapidly increasing population. This did not occur until the 1882 Iron Cove Bridge was replaced in 1955 with the existing Art Deco steel truss bridge. In 1959, buildings 206 to 222 Victoria Road (between Callan Street and Springside Street) were purchased and demolished to make way for a petrol station and car park.

Area 5  Annandale Annandale is located around four kilometres south-west of the Sydney CBD and is characterised as a mixed use commercial/residential area oriented around Parramatta Road. The area is generally occupied by medium density development of predominantly industrial character. Buildings date primarily from the early to mid-20th century, punctuated by contemporary apartment developments.

The Annandale area is part of Governor William Bligh’s 240 acre grant, made to him by Governor Philip Gidley King in 1806. Bligh’s wife died in 1813 and he died in 1817. After his death, his landholdings were passed on to his six surviving daughters.

By the 1840s, the Camperdown Estate was in the ownership of Sir Maurice O’Connell, who had married Bligh’s widowed daughter, Mary Putland. In 1842, the Camperdown Estate was subdivided and sold. Most of the blocks were villa allotments, up to two hectares in size, but there were also smaller residential lots. New streets were also laid out, including a new alignment of George Street (present day Parramatta Road).

Parramatta Road was constructed in the first years of the colony to link the two European settlements of Sydney and Rose Hill (later renamed Parramatta). It is highly probable, although no written account confirms it, that the first European-made track between the two settlements followed an Aboriginal pathway. The creation date of the first European-made track also remains unknown, but was likely to have been sometime in 1790 or 1791.

By 1924, the residential cottages along Parramatta Road at Annandale were being replaced with factories, stores and shops. There have been minimal physical changes to the Annandale area since the 1940s. In 1937, the Bank of NSW purchased 164 Parramatta Road. The Bank of NSW was established by Governor Macquarie in 1817 and was Australia’s oldest financial institution. In 1982 the Bank of NSW merged with the Commercial Bank of Australia Ltd and changed its name to Westpac Banking Corporation.

Area 6  St Peters St Peters is located around five to six kilometres south of the Sydney CBD. Area 6 comprises a mostly cleared area south of Campbell Road. There are industrial areas to the east and west of the area, and Sydney Park to the north. Land comprising Area 6 formed part of a large parcel of land granted to William Hutchinson, who gave the area the name ‘Waterloo’. Subsequently during the 20th century, the area was used as a brickworks, and later as a landfill site.

While St Peters was subject to an early colonial land grant, the land was swampy and therefore remained undeveloped. Plans from the 1890s show Barwon Park as the Central Brick and Tile Company kilns. These kilns were used to manage and stockpile waste and were eventually demolished. It is unlikely that any deposits or material from the former Central Brick and Tile WestConnex M4-M5 Link 20-18 Roads and Maritime Services Environmental Impact Statement

Company remain in-situ, as these are likely to have been disturbed by activities associated with the subsequent waste facility established on the site.

The heritage impacts of these works have been assessed as part of the New M5 EIS (AECOM 2015b). Cumulative impacts of the M4-M5 Link with other WestConnex component projects, including the New M5 project, are described and assessed in Chapter 26 (Cumulative impacts). 20.2.3 Historical archaeology This section describes the historical archaeological potential of the study area. The heritage significance of each HAMU has been determined at the state or local level. This section also describes the potential impact on the archaeological resource resulting from construction of the project.

Area 1  Haberfield/Ashfield The archaeological potential and significance at Haberfield (Area 1) for Option A has been previously assessed as part of the M4 East project (GML 2015) and are being managed during construction of the M4 East project.

In this location, the construction works as part of the M4-M5 Link project comprise the internal fitout of the Parramatta Road ventilation facility, continued use of existing construction ancillary facilities, tunnelling of the mainline tunnels and tie-ins with the underground tunnel connections (constructed as part of the M4 East project). These works would not impact archaeological remains within this area, beyond the impacts already assessed and associated with the M4 East project.

The construction ancillary facilities at Haberfield/Ashfield for Option B have not been previously assessed by the M4 East project and have therefore been included in this assessment. These sites include the Parramatta Road West civil and tunnel site (C1b) and Parramatta Road East civil site (C3b). The Haberfield civil site (C2b) is within the same footprint as the ancillary facility for Option A (the Haberfield civil and tunnel site (C2a)) and has been assessed by the M4 East project. The two sites (C1b and C3b) are separated by Parramatta Road, which runs in a north–south direction. HAMU 1 is located in Area 1.

Table 20-4 summarises the past developments in the area and the nature, level and extent of previous disturbance. Table 20-5 summarises the potential for archaeological remains to be present within HAMU 1, and the significance of those remains. HAMU 1 is assessed as having moderate or high potential to contain archaeological remains.

Table 20-4 Summary of previous disturbance at Haberfield/Ashfield (Area 1) Past development Nature of disturbance Level of disturbance Basement excavation of late Disturbance of agricultural landscape features Moderate to high 19th and early 20th century and fence lines. buildings Building foundations, cutting Surface clearing and localised impacts Moderate to high and levelling of late 20th resulting from excavation for building century buildings foundations. Services Excavation for services (water, gas, sewage) Moderate would have completely removed any remains within the trench footprint. Construction of Parramatta Construction and maintenance of road way. Low to moderate Road

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Table 20-5 Potential archaeological presence at Haberfield/Ashfield (Area 1) HAMU Listed Archaeological potential Significance archaeological items HAMU 1  None Moderate or high potential associated with late Nil Haberfield/ 19th to early 20th century building footings Ashfield and services beneath road surfaces and footpaths.

Area 2  Leichhardt The Darley Road civil and tunnel site (C4) would be oriented around the former Goods Line, which has historically resulted in significant modifications to the landscape. The topography of this area slopes steadily downwards from east to west towards Hawthorne Canal. HAMU 2 is located in Area 2.

Table 20-6 summarises the past developments in the area and the nature, level and extent of previous disturbance. Table 20-7 summarises the potential for archaeological remains to be present within HAMU 2, and the significance of those remains.

HAMU 2 is assessed as having no potential to contain archaeological remains.

Table 20-6 Summary of previous disturbance at Leichhardt (Area 2) Past development Nature of disturbance Level of disturbance Goods Line Excavation of sandstone bedrock, and levelling of High ground surface for construction of the railway Goods

Line. Early 20th century Filling and levelling within waterfront and estuary Low to moderate reclamation areas.

20th century warehouses Excavation and levelling to create a level surface for High construction of the existing building.

Stormwater drainage Excavation for the stormwater culvert and pipe High system trenches.

Construction of Hawthorne Reclamation for the construction of the Hawthorne High Canal Canal. Services (excavation for Excavation for services (water, gas, sewage) would Moderate service trenches) have completely removed any remains within the trench footprint.

Table 20-7 Potential archaeological presence at Leichhardt (Area 2) HAMU Listed archaeological Archaeological potential Significance items HAMU 2  None Nil Nil Darley Road

Area 3  Rozelle, Lilyfield and Annandale The majority of the Rozelle area has been modified by historical development. HAMUs 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 are located in Area 3. Table 20-8 summarises the past developments in the area and the nature, level and extent of previous disturbance. Table 20-9 summarises the potential for archaeological remains to be present within the HAMUs identified in Area 3, and the significance of those remains.

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HAMUs in Area 3 range from low to high degrees of archaeological potential. HAMU 3 and HAMU 6 have potential for locally significance archaeological remains, while HAMU 4 and HAMU 5 do not meet the threshold for significance. HAMU 7 is considered to have high potential for state significant archaeological remains associated with White Bay Power Station.

Table 20-8 Summary of previous disturbance at Rozelle, Lilyfield and Annandale (Area 3) Past development Nature of disturbance Level of disturbance Progressive Multiple phases of filling and levelling within waterfront and Moderate reclamation estuary areas. Quarrying and cutting Excavation of sandstone bedrock, and levelling of ground High sandstone surface. Construction of Demolition of previous structures and any earlier deposits, High Victoria Road, City and earlier street alignments for new, upgraded or wider West Link and roads. Western Distributor 18th and 19th Surface clearing and some excavation for footings. Low century buildings 20th century Demolition of pre-existing buildings and complete removal Moderate to high buildings (cutting and of any earlier deposits. levelling) Infrastructure and Excavation for services (water, gas, sewage) and Moderate services (excavation infrastructure (trams on Lilyfield Road) would have for service trenches) completely removed any remains within the trench footprint.

Table 20-9 Potential archaeological presence at Rozelle, Lilyfield and Annandale (Area 3) HAMU Listed archaeological Archaeological potential Significance items HAMU 3 – None Moderate to high potential associated with early Local Lilyfield residential occupation on Gordon Street, previous Road and phases of industrial activity and reclamation Gordon activities of the Rozelle foreshore prior to 1890. Street Most sites or features in this HAMU are likely to have been disturbed by the quarrying of the sandstone bedrock along the property boundary with Lilyfield Road. HAMU 4 – None. Low to moderate potential associated with: Nil Victoria The southern penstock Road/City  Early residential occupation on Weston Road and associated West Link and Abattoir Road subsurface elements of the White Bay Power  Early road alignments of Weston Road and Station cooling system Barnes Street predating the 1960s upgrades are discussed in to Victoria Road section 20.2.4.  Alignment of Abattoir Road prior to construction of Rozelle Rail Yards and White Bay Power Station  Subsurface structural remains and the basement of the White Bay Hotel  Reclamation activities of the Rozelle foreshore prior to 1890, including early stages of bridging Glebe Island, and channelisation

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HAMU Listed archaeological Archaeological potential Significance items of Whites Creek. Most sites or features in this HAMU are likely to have been disturbed or destroyed by sandstone quarrying, late 20th century developments and road infrastructure development. Remains of the White Bay Hotel have likely been extensively disturbed by the fire which destroyed the hotel, and subsequent demolition. HAMU 5 – None. Low to high potential associated with: Nil Rozelle The Lilyfield Road Rail Yards  Early road alignments of Abattoir Road prior Stormwater Canal (West) to construction of the Rozelle Rail Yards (listed under SREP 26) is located underground  Reclamation activities of the Rozelle in this HAMU. While foreshore during the 19th and 20th centuries the above ground  19th century drainage infrastructure section of the canal is associated with channelising the creek, and listed, the underground early 20th century drainage infrastructure section is not listed and associated with the stormwater canal. has potential archaeological Some sites or features in this HAMU are likely to significance. have been disturbed by the quarrying of the sandstone bedrock along the northern boundary and levelling and subsequent modifications of the Rozelle Rail Yards. HAMU 6 – None Low to high potential associated with: Local Rozelle Rail Yards  Early industrial occupation on Lilyfield Road (East) including structural remains and associated artefact deposits in areas which have been quarried and filled for the construction of the rail yards  Reclamation activities of the Rozelle foreshore during the 19th and 20th centuries. Some sites or features in this HAMU are likely to have been disturbed by the quarrying of the sandstone bedrock along the northern boundary and levelling and subsequent modifications of the Rozelle Rail Yards. HAMU 7 – White Bay Power High potential for archaeological elements of State White Bay Station is a listed White Bay Power Station water channels Power heritage item of state associated with the southern penstock (the Station significance, with specific location of the channels is unknown). significant archaeological components of the system known to exist both within and outside the SHR curtilage. Impacts on this item are also discussed in section 20.3.2.

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Area 4  Iron Cove The majority of the project footprint at Area 4 - Iron Cove has been heavily disturbed by historical developments which have likely impacted on earlier archaeological remains. HAMUs 8 and 9 are located in Area 4.

Table 20-10 summarises the past developments in the area and the nature and level of previous disturbance. Table 20-11 summarises the potential for archaeological remains to be present within the two HAMUs identified in Area 4, and the significance of those remains.

HAMU 8 is considered to have no archaeological significance, while HAMU 9 is considered to have low potential for locally significance archaeological remains.

Table 20-10 Summary of previous disturbance at Iron Cove (Area 4) Past development Nature of disturbance Level of disturbance Construction of Iron Cove Excavation for the bridge head and adjacent High Bridge abutment construction ancillary facility. Former petrol station Complete removal of earlier remains within the High underground tanks at 212–218 tank/s footprint. (localised) Victoria Road Cutting and levelling for late Excavation of bedrock to create level surfaces; areas Low to 19th / early 20th century of fill may have potentially buried remains. moderate buildings Construction of existing Victoria Demolition of previous structures and any earlier High Road deposits, and earlier street alignments for new, upgraded or wider roads. Services (excavation for service Excavation for services (water, gas, sewage) would Moderate trenches) have completely removed any remains within the trench footprint. Establishment of King George Demolition of earlier buildings, and modification of Low to Park the landscape including construction of new roads; moderate areas of fill may have potentially buried remains.

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Table 20-11 Potential archaeological presence at Iron Cove (Area 4) HAMU Listed Archaeological potential Significance archaeological items HAMU 8 – None Low potential associated with: Nil Iron Cove  Remains of a quarry that may have extended into the study area within King George Park adjacent to Byrne Street  Remains of zigzag air-raid trenches visible on the 1943 aerial  Truncated footings and artefact scatters from 1890s houses at 212–218 and 224 Victoria Road  Earlier road surfaces, drainage features and services within adjoining side streets (including Byrnes, Clubb, Toelle and Callan streets). Sites or features in this HAMU are likely to have been heavily disturbed or removed by modern developments (ie construction of Iron Cove Bridge abutment and the ongoing upgrade of Victoria Road and intersections). HAMU 9 – None Moderate to high potential of truncated footings and Local Manning deposits associated with 1890s houses. Street Although localised service excavation would have bioretention resulted in areas of disturbance, the introduction of fill to facility create the parkland may have buried earlier remains, which could survive intact beneath the modern ground surface.

Area 5  Annandale The majority of the Annandale (around Pyrmont Bridge Road and Parramatta Road) area has been artificially modified by historical urban development. HAMUs 10 and 11 are located in Area 5.

Table 20-12 summarises the past developments in the area and the nature and level of previous disturbance. Table 20-13 summarises the potential for archaeological remains to be present within the two HAMUs identified in Area 5, and the significance of those remains.

HAMU 10 encompasses those areas that have a moderate or high degree of archaeological potential. HAMU 11 contains areas that have a low potential for archaeological remains. Both HAMUs meet the threshold for local significance.

WestConnex M4-M5 Link 20-24 Roads and Maritime Services Environmental Impact Statement

Table 20-12 Summary of previous disturbance at Annandale (around Pyrmont Bridge Road and Parramatta Road) (Area 5) Past development Nature of disturbance Level of disturbance 20th century buildings Demolition of late 19th century buildings and excavation Moderate to (basement excavation) for basement levels. high

20th century buildings Surface clearing and localised impacts resulting from Moderate (building foundations, cutting excavation for building foundations. and levelling)

Services Excavation for services (water, gas, sewage) would have Moderate completely removed any remains within the trench footprint.

Construction of Bignell Lane Construction and maintenance of road way. Low

Table 20-13 Potential archaeological presence at Annandale (around Pyrmont Bridge Road and Parramatta Road) (Area 5) HAMU Listed Archaeological potential Significance archaeological items HAMU 10 – None Moderate to high potential associated with: Local Bignell Lane  Western half of the c1860s Didliston House (building footings and deposits)  Footings and deposits associated with c1890s houses  Early 20th century services beneath Bignell Lane  Early to mid-19th century property boundaries and garden/agricultural remains  External structures and features associated with the Bignell and Clarke steam joinery works (the main building is outside this HAMU). Given the size of the 20th century buildings and the absence of basements within this HAMU, there is potential for archaeological remains to survive beneath the existing floor slabs and between building footings. HAMU 11 - None Low potential associated with: Local Parramatta Road/  Eastern half of the c1860s Didliston House (building Pyrmont footings and deposits) Bridge Road  Footings and deposits associated with c1890s buildings  Remains of the Bignell and Clarke Steam joinery works (main building)  Early to mid-19th century property boundaries and garden/agricultural remains.

WestConnex M4-M5 Link 20-25 Roads and Maritime Services Environmental Impact Statement

Area 6  St Peters The archaeological potential and significance at St Peters (Area 6) has been previously assessed as part of the EIS for the New M5 project. Archaeological remains are being managed during the construction of the New M5. Archaeological remains are being managed during construction of the New M5. For the purpose of the non-Aboriginal heritage impact assessment, it has been assumed that the proposed construction works associated with the New M5 project within this area have been completed and mitigation measures relating to impacts on archaeological remains have been implemented. 20.2.4 Heritage items and conservation areas This section identifies the existing listed heritage items and HCAs within or adjacent to the project footprint. Listed heritage items and HCAs identified within the study area relevant to this assessment are summarised in Table 20-14 and shown in Figure 20-7 to Figure 20-14.

Items with the potential to be directly affected by the project are shaded in Table 20-14. The significance of these heritage items and HCAs are discussed further in Appendix U (Technical working paper: Non-Aboriginal heritage).

Potential impacts on items above the current mainline tunnel alignment are assessed in section 20.3.4.

WestConnex M4-M5 Link 20-26 Roads and Maritime Services Environmental Impact Statement

Table 20-14 Historic heritage items within the study area Area Item Address Significance Register Haberfield/Ashfield Haberfield HCA Haberfield Local  Ashfield LEP 2013(ID C42) (Area 1) (potential for State) Houses 146–148 Ramsay Street, Haberfield Local  Ashfield LEP 2013(ID 451) Houses 150–152 Ramsay Street, Haberfield Local  Ashfield LEP 2013(ID 452) Commercial building 476 Parramatta Road, Ashfield Local  Ashfield LEP 2013(ID 273) Leichhardt (Area 2) Leichhardt (Charles St) Dulwich Hill to Rozelle Goods Line Local  RailCorp S170 (#4805738) Underbridge (Charles Street) (Charles Street), Leichhardt Rozelle, Lilyfield White Bay Power Station Victoria Road and Robert Street, State  State Heritage Register (#01015) and Annandale Rozelle (Rozelle Rail Yards,  SREP 26 (#11) The Crescent,  Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority S170 Rozelle Bay and Victoria Road) (Area  Ausgrid S170 (#74) 3) Brennan’s Estate HCA Rozelle Local  Leichhardt LEP 2013 (ID C16) Easton Park HCA Rozelle Local  Leichhardt LEP 2013 (ID C18) Easton Park Rozelle Local  Leichhardt LEP 2013 (ID I752) Sewage Pumping Station No. 6 168 Lilyfield Road, Rozelle Local  Sydney Water S170 (#4571704) Hornsey Street HCA Rozelle Local  Leichhardt LEP 2013(ID C19) Whites Creek Stormwater Railway Parade to Parramatta Road, Local  Sydney Water S170 (#4570343) Channel No. 95 Rozelle Street trees  row of palms on Railway Parade, Annandale Local  Leichhardt LEP 2013 (ID I78) Railway Parade Avenue of Phoenix canariensis Railway Parade, Annandale Local  Leichhardt LEP 2013 (ID I79)

WestConnex M4-M5 Link 20-27 Roads and Maritime Services Environmental Impact Statement

Area Item Address Significance Register Annandale (Railway Parade) Railway Parade, Annandale Local  SREP 26 (#7) Railway Bridge  RailCorp S170 (4803231) Arched Bridge (at Whites Creek) Whites Creek, Annandale Local  SREP 26 (#8) Annandale (Johnston Street) Johnston Street Local  SREP 26 (#9) Underbridge  RailCorp S170 (4803229) Stormwater Canal Lilyfield Road, Rozelle Local  SREP 26 (#6) ‘Cadden Le Messurier’ 84 Lilyfield Road, Rozelle Local  SREP 26 (#3) Former Hotel 78 Lilyfield Road, Rozelle Local  SREP 26 (#2) Iron Cove (Area 4) Iron Cove Bridge (aka RTA Victoria Road, Drummoyne State  SREP SHC (#17) Bridge No. 65)  RTA S170 Iron Cove HCA Drummoyne Local  Leichhardt LEP 2013 (ID C6) Annandale (around Kerb and gutter Chester Street, Camperdown Local  Leichhardt LEP 2013 (ID I613) Pyrmont Bridge Road and Warehouse, including interiors 52–54 Pyrmont Bridge Road, Local  Leichhardt LEP 2013 (ID I616) Parramatta Road) Camperdown (Area 5) Former Grace Bros Repository 6–10 Mallett Street, Camperdown Local  Sydney LEP 2012 (ID I2242) including interiors Bridge Road School (former 127 Parramatta Road, Camperdown Local  Marrickville LEP 2011 (ID I5) Camperdown Public School), including interiors St Peters (Area 6) Terrace group including interiors 2–34 Campbell Road, Alexandria Local  Sydney LEP 2012 (ID I12) Remaining brick road and near 2 Bishop Street, St Peters Local  Marrickville LEP 2011 (ID I283) footpath paving and stone guttering

WestConnex M4-M5 Link 20-28 Roads and Maritime Services Environmental Impact Statement

20.2.5 Potential heritage During the field surveys, buildings and structures of potential heritage value were investigated to identify items with heritage value that are not listed and may be directly or indirectly impacted by the project. Items of potential heritage significance were identified and were therefore subject to heritage values assessment and impact assessment. These items are outlined in Table 20-15 (items subject to full or partial demolition are shaded).

Table 20-15 Potential heritage items identified within the study area Area Item Address Potential significance Area 1 – Single storey brick Federation cottage 135 Bland Street, Haberfield Local Haberfield/ Ashfield Single storey brick Federation cottage 136 Bland Street, Haberfield Local Single storey brick Federation cottage 138 Bland Street, Haberfield Local Single storey brick Federation cottage 139 Alt Street, Ashfield Local Single storey brick Federation cottage 144 Alt Street, Ashfield Local Area 3 – Victoria Road bridge Rozelle Local Rozelle and Sandstone cutting within the Rozelle Rozelle Local Lilyfield Rail Yards Former White Bay Hotel site Rozelle Local foundations (plinth and archaeology) Southern Penstock (associated with the Rozelle State White Bay Power Station) Area 4 – Property at 260 Victoria Road Rozelle Local Iron Cove Property at 262 Victoria Road Rozelle Property at 264 Victoria Road Rozelle Property at 266 Victoria Road Rozelle Properties at 248 Victoria Road Rozelle Local Terraces at 250 Victoria Road Rozelle Single storey interwar brick house 8 Callan Street, Rozelle Local Area 5 – Former Bank of NSW building 164 Parramatta Road, Local Annandale Annandale

These potential heritage items are shown in Figure 20-8 to Figure 20-11 and discussed in Appendix U (Technical working paper: Non-Aboriginal heritage). No items of potential heritage significance were identified at St Peters (Area 6).

WestConnex M4-M5 Link 20-29 Roads and Maritime Services Environmental Impact Statement

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20.3 Assessment of potential impacts 20.3.1 Historical archaeology Surface works associated with construction of the project have the potential to affect the archaeological resources identified in section 20.2. Table 20-16 outlines the potential impacts on the identified HAMUs.

Where required, management measures to mitigate potential impacts on archaeological resources within the study area have been recommended. These are included in section 20.4.

WestConnex M4-M5 Link 20-38 Roads and Maritime Services Environmental Impact Statement

Table 20-16 Potential impacts on HAMUs within the study area HAMU Activity Potential impacts HAMU 1 – Works within HAMU 1 would include: Given that significant archaeological remains are considered unlikely in this HAMU, the project would Haberfield/ have no impact on significant archaeological remains. Ashfield  Enabling works  Tunnelling  Surface earthworks and structures  Finishing works. HAMU 2 – Works within HAMU 2 would include: Given previous developments within this HAMU are likely to have completely removed any Darley Road archaeological remains, project works would have no impact on significant archaeological remains.  Enabling works  Drainage  Tunnelling  Construction of a permanent water treatment plant  Finishing works. HAMU 3 – Works within HAMU 3 would include: Deep excavation would result in a major adverse impact on archaeological remains, while surface Lilyfield Road works (such as drainage and finishing works) would have more localised impacts on archaeological and Gordon  Enabling works remains that may be present within this HAMU. Street  Tunnelling To mitigate these impacts, management measures outlined in section 20.4 would be implemented,  Surface works and structures including preparation of a Historical Archaeological Research Design (HARD) which would include an assessment of any detailed design plans to develop a methodology and scope for a program of test  Drainage excavation to determine the nature, condition and extent of potential archaeological remains.  Pavement  Operational ancillary facilities  Finishing works.

WestConnex M4-M5 Link 20-39 Roads and Maritime Services Environmental Impact Statement

HAMU Activity Potential impacts HAMU 4 – Works within HAMU 4 would include: This HAMU is considered to have a low potential for archaeological remains, and any surviving Victoria remains are likely to have been highly disturbed and would not meet the threshold for local Road/City  Enabling works significance. Therefore, the works proposed in this HAMU are considered to have no impact on West Link  Surface works and structures significant archaeological remains.  Bridgeworks  Drainage  Pavement  Finishing works. HAMU 5 – Works within HAMU 5 would include: This HAMU has low potential for archaeological remains, and any surviving remains are likely to have Rozelle Rail been highly disturbed and would not meet the threshold for local significance. Therefore, project works Yards (West)  Enabling works in this HAMU would have no impact on significant archaeological remains.  Tunnelling  Surface earthworks and structures  Drainage  Pavement  Operational ancillary facilities  Finishing works. HAMU 6 – Works within HAMU 6 would include: Deep excavation would result in a major adverse impact on archaeological remains, while surface Rozelle Rail works (such as drainage and finishing works) would have more localised impacts on archaeological Yards (East)  Enabling works remains that may be present within this HAMU.  Tunnelling To mitigate these impacts, management measures outlined in section 20.4 would be implemented,  Earthworks and associated including preparation of a HARD which would include an assessment of any detailed design plans to structures develop a methodology and scope for a program of test excavation to determine the nature, condition and extent of potential archaeological remains.  Drainage  Pavement  Finishing works.

WestConnex M4-M5 Link 20-40 Roads and Maritime Services Environmental Impact Statement

HAMU Activity Potential impacts HAMU 7 – Works within HAMU 7 would include The extent of excavation in this area is unknown at this stage and would be confirmed during detailed White Bay construction of the temporary City design. However, physical and indirect impacts on this heritage element should be avoided. The Power West Link to Anzac Bridge alignment, potential for impacts on these elements would be managed via the preparation of a HARD to guide Station which would cross over the southern archaeological investigation of the HAMU. penstock of the power station Further details of management measures for the White Bay Power Station are outlined in section 20.4 complex. and include implementing protective measures for the water channels and southern penstock. HAMU 8 – Works within HAMU 8 would include: This HAMU has low potential for archaeological remains, and any surviving remains are likely to have Iron Cove been highly disturbed and would not meet the threshold for local significance. Therefore, project works  Enabling works in this HAMU would have no impact on significant archaeological remains.  Earthworks and associated structures  Tunnelling  Pavement  Operational ancillary facilities  Finishing works. HAMU 9 – Works within HAMU 9 would include These works would require excavation in the area of identified archaeological potential, and are Manning construction of a new bioretention therefore likely to result in a major adverse impact on archaeological remains of local significance. Street facility and upgrades to the existing To mitigate this impact, management measures outlined in section 20.4 would be implemented, bioretention car park within King George Park, including preparation of a HARD which would include an assessment of any detailed design plans to facility adjacent to Manning Street at Rozelle, develop a methodology and scope for a program of test excavation to determine the nature, condition to treat stormwater runoff generated and extent of potential archaeological remains. by the surface road works associated with the Iron Cove Link. HAMU 10 – Works within HAMU 10 would include: Deep excavation would result in a major adverse impact on archaeological remains, while surface Bignell Lane works (such as drainage and finishing works) would have more localised impacts on archaeological  Enabling works remains that may be present within this HAMU.  Earthworks and associated To mitigate this impact, management measures outlined in section 20.4 would be implemented, structures including preparation of a HARD which would include an assessment of any detailed design plans to  Pavement develop a methodology and scope for a program of test excavation to determine the nature, condition and extent of potential archaeological remains.  Finishing works.

WestConnex M4-M5 Link 20-41 Roads and Maritime Services Environmental Impact Statement

HAMU Activity Potential impacts HAMU 11 – Works within HAMU 11 would include: Deep excavation would result in a major adverse impact on archaeological remains, while surface Parramatta works (such as drainage and finishing works) would have more localised impacts on archaeological Road/  Enabling works remains that may be present within this HAMU. Pyrmont  Earthworks and associated To mitigate this impact, management measures outlined in section 20.4 would be implemented, Bridge Road structures including preparation of a HARD which would include an assessment of any detailed design plans to  Tunnelling develop a methodology and scope for a program of test excavation to determine the nature, condition and extent of potential archaeological remains.  Pavement  Finishing works.

WestConnex M4-M5 Link 20-42 Roads and Maritime Services Environmental Impact Statement

20.3.2 Heritage items and conservation areas Construction of the project has the potential to impact on the heritage significance of the listed heritage items and HCAs in Table 20-14. Potential direct heritage impacts of the project include:

 Full or partial demolition of listed heritage items  Full demolition of non-listed buildings assessed as having heritage values (potential heritage item)  Full demolition of contributory buildings within an HCA  Modifications to listed and potential heritage items/structures  Removal of heritage vegetation  Inadvertent damage to heritage trees/roots. Potential indirect impacts of the project could include:

 Impacts on the curtilage or visual setting of heritage items or HCAs at Haberfield and St Peters  Continued use of existing construction ancillary facilities in the vicinity of heritage items or HCAs  Vibration impact from earthworks, piling and tunnelling activities  Settlement from tunnelling activities. Table 20-17 provides a summary of the listed heritage items that could potentially be impacted by the project.

In summary, the following impacts on non-Aboriginal heritage are expected from the project:

 Three listed heritage items would be fully demolished (major adverse impact):  Stormwater Canal at Rozelle (local)  ‘Cadden Le Messurier’ at Rozelle (local)  Former Hotel Rozelle (local)  One item would be partially demolished (moderate adverse impact):  Whites Creek Stormwater Channel No. 95 at Rozelle (local)  Several other items would be subject to potential indirect impacts through vibration, settlement and visual setting. Items subject to full and/or partial demolition are shaded in Table 20-17. These items are shown in Figure 20-15 to Figure 20-17.

WestConnex M4-M5 Link 20-43 Roads and Maritime Services Environmental Impact Statement

Table 20-17 Summary of potential impacts on listed heritage items Area Item Significance Register Impact type Impact rating Area 1  Haberfield HCA Local (potential  Ashfield LEP 2013 (ID C42) Setting, vibration and settlement Neutral Haberfield for State) and Commercial Building Local  Ashfield LEP 2013 (ID I273) Setting, vibration and settlement Neutral Ashfield (currently Bunnings Warehouse) at 476 Parramatta Road Area 2  Leichhardt (Charles Local  RailCorp S170 Register (#4805738) Setting (from removal of existing trees Minor adverse Leichhardt Street) Underbridge1 along the northern boundary of the Darley Road civil and tunnel site (C4)), vibration Area 3 – White Bay Power State  SHR (01015) Setting and minor curtilage encroachment Minor adverse Rozelle, Station1 and Lilyfield  SREP 26 (11)  Pacific Power S170 Register (74) Brennan’s Estate HCA Local  Leichhardt LEP 2013 (ID C16) Setting, vibration and settlement Minor adverse Easton Park HCA Local  Leichhardt LEP 2013 (ID C18) Setting, vibration and settlement Minor adverse Easton Park1 Local  Leichhardt LEP 2013 (ID I752) Setting (disturbance of tree roots), Minor adverse temporary visual impacts) vibration and settlement Sewage Pumping Local  Sydney Water S170 Register Setting, vibration and settlement Minor adverse Station No. 61  (#4571704) Hornsey Street HCA Local  Leichhardt LEP 2013 (ID C19) Demolition of a non-contributory building Neutral (32 Victoria Road) within a listed HCA, potential impacts on the sandstone kerbing on the street frontage, setting, vibration and settlement Whites Creek Local  Sydney Water S170 Register Partial demolition, reshaping, setting, and Moderate Stormwater Channel vibration adverse No. 951  (#4570343)

WestConnex M4-M5 Link 20-44 Roads and Maritime Services Environmental Impact Statement

Area Item Significance Register Impact type Impact rating Street trees  row of Local  Leichhardt LEP 2013 (ID I78) Setting, vibration Neutral palms on Railway Parade Avenue of Phoenix Local  Leichhardt LEP 2013 (ID I79) Setting, vibration Neutral canariensis Annandale (Railway Local  SREP 26 (7) Setting, vibration Minor adverse Parade) Railway Bridge1  RailCorp S170 Register (#4803231) Arched Bridge (at Local  SREP 26 (#8) Nil Neutral Whites Creek) Annandale (Johnston Local  SREP 26 (9) Setting, vibration Neutral Street) Underbridge1  RailCorp S170 Register (#4803229) Stormwater Canal Local  SREP 26 (6) Full demolition Major adverse ‘Cadden Le Messurier’ Local  SREP 26 (3) Full demolition Major adverse Former Hotel Local  SREP 26 (2) Full demolition Major adverse Area 4 – Iron Cove Bridge State  SREP SHC (17) Setting, vibration Minor adverse Iron Cove  RTA S170 Register (65) Iron Cove HCA Local  Leichhardt LEP 2013 (ID C6) Setting, vibration Neutral Area 5  Kerb and gutter on Local  Leichhardt LEP 2013 (ID I613) Setting, vibration Neutral Annandale Chester Street1 Warehouse including Local  Leichhardt LEP 2013 (ID I616) Setting, vibration Minor adverse interiors at 52–54 Pyrmont Bridge Road1 Former Grace Bros Local  Sydney LEP 2012 (ID I2242) Setting, vibration Minor adverse Repository including interiors1

WestConnex M4-M5 Link 20-45 Roads and Maritime Services Environmental Impact Statement

Area Item Significance Register Impact type Impact rating Bridge Road School Local  Marrickville LEP 2011 (ID I5) Setting, vibration and settlement Minor adverse (former Camperdown Public School), including interiors1 Area 6 – St Terrace group at 2–34 Local  Sydney LEP 2012 (ID I12) Setting, vibration Neutral Peters Campbell Road

Notes 1Indicates items located within safe working distances of the project that may experience vibration impacts (see section 20.3.4)

WestConnex M4-M5 Link 20-46 Roads and Maritime Services Environmental Impact Statement

20.3.3 Potential heritage Table 20-18 provides a summary of the 17 identified items of potential heritage value that could be affected by the project. These items have been assessed as having potential local significance. In summary, the following impacts on potential heritage items are expected from the project:

 Nine potential local heritage items would be subject to direct impacts through full demolition  One potential local heritage item would be subject to direct impacts through partial demolition  One structure assessed as being of potential state significance would be indirectly impacted through vibration  Six potential local heritage items and one potential state item would be subject to indirect impacts through setting, vibration and/or settlement. Items subject to full or partial demolition are shaded in Table 20-18. These items are shown in Figure 20-15 to Figure 20-17.

Table 20-18 Summary of potential impacts on potential heritage items Area Item Assessed Impact type Impact rating significance Area 1  135 Bland Street, Haberfield Local Setting Neutral Haberfield/ 136 Bland Street, Haberfield Local Setting Neutral Ashfield 138 Bland Street, Haberfield Local Setting Neutral 139 Alt Street, Ashfield Local Nil Neutral 144 Alt Street, Ashfield Local Nil Neutral Area 3  Victoria Road bridge, Rozelle Local Full demolition Major adverse Rozelle and Sandstone cutting within the Rozelle Local Partial Moderate Lilyfield Rail Yards, Rozelle demolition adverse White Bay Hotel site foundations (plinth Local Full Demolition Major adverse and archaeology)

White Bay Power Station Southern State Vibration Neutral Penstock Area 4  Property at 260 Victoria Road, Rozelle Local Full demolition Major adverse Iron Cove Property at 262 Victoria Road, Rozelle Local Full demolition Major adverse Property at 264 Victoria Road, Rozelle Local Full demolition Major adverse Property at 266 Victoria Road, Rozelle Local Full demolition Major adverse Properties at 248 Victoria Road, Rozelle Local Full demolition Major adverse Terraces at 250 Victoria Road, Rozelle Local Full demolition Major adverse Brick house at 8 Callan Street, Rozelle Local Vibration, Neutral setting Area 5  Former Bank of NSW at 164 Parramatta Local Full demolition Major adverse Annandale Road, Annandale

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20.3.4 Vibration and settlement Heritage items, potential heritage items and HCAs along the tunnel alignment and in the vicinity of construction works may be subject to ground movement (predominantly settlement and vibration). Areas most likely to be affected by settlement are usually where tunnelling is closest to the ground surface (shallowest), around the tunnel portals and entry and exit ramps, and where soils are more likely to be compressible. This includes the estuarine and alluvial soils and fill material within the palaeovalley around the Rozelle Rail Yards.

The alignment of the tunnels and the locations of tunnel portals have given regard to maximising the use of the best possible geotechnical conditions. For much of its length, the tunnelling work for the project would be undertaken at depths of between 20 metres and greater than 65 metres below ground, which is unlikely to adversely affect structures above the tunnels.

Potential vibration impacts to heritage items have been assessed with 11 listed heritage items located within safe working distances of the project that may experience vibration impacts (see Table 20-17).

Other heritage items identified above the current project tunnelling alignment were considered with regard to vibration and settlement impacts. A detailed list of these items is provided in Appendix U (Technical working paper: Non-Aboriginal heritage). These items have been identified based on the current concept design, which may be subject to change following detailed design. Of these:

 The majority of items are assessed as having a neutral impact due to the separation distance from the tunnels. This includes:  The Pressure Tunnel and Shafts (Potts Hill Road to Waterloo Pumping Station Potts Hill to Waterloo, NSW) listed as a State item on the SHR (#01630) and Sydney Water S170 Register (#4570942)  The City Tunnel (Potts Hill Reservoir to Dowling Street Pumping Station Potts Hill to Waterloo, NSW) listed as a local item on the Sydney Water S170 Register (#4570942).  Eight heritage items have the potential to be impacted by settlement and vibration from tunnelling activities (minor adverse impact) including:  Semi-detached house at 15 Burt Street, Rozelle  Semi-detached house at 17 Burt Street, Rozelle  Smith's Hall at 56 Burt Street, Rozelle  Corner shop and residence at 67 Denison Street, Rozelle  Shop and residence at 69 Denison Street, Rozelle  House 'Rotherhithe Cottage' at 73 Denison Street, Rozelle  Lilyfield (Catherine St) Overbridge at Catherine Street, Lilyfield  St Peters Railway Station Group King Street, St Peters. These potential impacts are assessed in detail in Appendix U (Technical working paper: Non- Aboriginal heritage).

The noise and vibration assessment in Appendix J (Technical working paper: Noise and vibration) identifies vibration criteria and impact assessment for sensitive receivers. The report identifies that the minimum ’safe limit’ of peak vibration velocity at low frequencies for structures (including heritage listed buildings), is three millimetres per second.

Vibration impacts would be managed in accordance with the recommendations of the noise and vibration assessment (Appendix J (Technical working paper: Noise and vibration)). Appropriate monitoring and protection of the physical fabric of heritage items to be retained would be provided during construction of the project.

WestConnex M4-M5 Link 20-51 Roads and Maritime Services Environmental Impact Statement

Settlement is not anticipated to impact heritage items identified along the mainline tunnel alignment. A program to monitor settlement during operations would be outlined in the Operational Environmental Management Program for the project. 20.4 Environmental management measures The detailed design and construction of the project would be managed to ensure that the identified potential heritage and archaeological impacts are minimised and/or avoided as far as practical, by implementing a range of environmental management measures.

The management measures provided in Table 20-19 have been developed to avoid, reduce and manage identified potential impacts on non-Aboriginal heritage. These measures would be further developed on a case by case basis during detailed design. The final management measures would be documented in the Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP).

Table 20-19 Environmental management measures – non-Aboriginal heritage Impact No. Environmental management measure Timing Impacts on NAH01 A Construction Heritage Management Plan (CHMP) Construction heritage items will be prepared and implemented as part of the

CEMP. The CHMP will include:

 Measures that will be implemented to manage potential impacts on items of heritage significance  Inclusion of heritage awareness and management training within the site induction process for relevant personnel involved in site works  Details regarding the conservation and curation of any historical artefacts recovered during works. NAH02 An Interpretation Strategy will be developed and Construction implemented to identify and interpret the key heritage

values and stories of the heritage areas affected by the project and inform the development of the Urban Design and Landscape Plan for the project, in accordance with NSW Heritage Office Interpreting Heritage Places and Items Guideline August 2005. The Interpretation Strategy will:  Build on themes, stories and initiatives proposed as part of other stages of WestConnex to ensure a consistent approach to heritage interpretation for the project  Include themes and stories including the Rozelle railways historic functions, trains and trams transport, industrialisation and The Rozelle- Darling Harbour Goods Line  Identify how the rail related infrastructure salvaged from the Rozelle Rail Yards will be reused. NAH03 Photographic recording will be undertaken of: Construction  Infrastructure associated with the White Bay Power Station site that could be affected by the project  Whites Creek Stormwater Channel (in the area to be impacted)  Stormwater Canal off Lilyfield Road

WestConnex M4-M5 Link 20-52 Roads and Maritime Services Environmental Impact Statement

Impact No. Environmental management measure Timing  ‘Cadden Le Messurier’ at 84 Lilyfield Road  Former Hotel at 78 Lilyfield Road  Victoria Road bridge  Each house at 260–266 Victoria Road  Each house at 248–250 Victoria Road  Former Bank of NSW (164 Parramatta Road). It will be undertaken in accordance with the NSW Heritage Office guidelines Photographic Recording of Heritage Items Using Film or Digital Capture (2006). The photographic recording will occur prior to any works that have the potential to impact upon the items and the report development process will include the identification of appropriate stakeholders to receive copies of the documentation. NAH04 As part of the CHMP, a HARD will be prepared before Construction the start of proposed works within each of the

following HAMUs: HAMU 3, HAMU 6, HAMU 7, HAMU 9, HAMU 10, and HAMU 11. The HARD will be prepared by a qualified archaeologist in consultation with the NSW Heritage Council and would include:  Descriptions of clear significance thresholds for possible archaeological items that may be uncovered during works  A methodology and scope for a program of archaeological excavation, investigation, and recording of any historical archaeological remains that will be impacted by the project  Requirement for post-excavation reporting, including artefact analysis and additional historical research, where necessary, and long term management of records  Details of what will happen with any artefacts uncovered and associated reports. NAH05 Before excavation of archaeological management Construction sites, a suitably qualified Excavation Director who

complies with the Criteria for Assessment of Excavation Directors (Heritage Council of NSW 2011) will be engaged to advise on matters associated with historic archaeology. Where archaeological excavation is required, the Excavation Director will oversee excavation and advise on archaeological matters. Heritage NAH06 Potential vibration impacts to features of heritage Construction impacts due to significance will be managed in accordance with the vibration Construction Noise and Vibration Management Plan prepared for the project. Heritage NAH07 Potential heritage impacts due to settlement and Construction impacts due to ground movement caused by the project will be settlement managed in accordance with the relevant measures identified in Chapter 12 (Land use and property) and

WestConnex M4-M5 Link 20-53 Roads and Maritime Services Environmental Impact Statement

Impact No. Environmental management measure Timing monitored in accordance with the Settlement Monitoring Plan. Impacts to NAH08 Any items of potential heritage conservation Construction unexpected significance or human remains discovered during items of construction will be managed in accordance with an potential Unexpected Heritage Finds and Humans Remains heritage Procedure developed for the project in accordance conservation with relevant guidance provided by the Heritage significance or Council of NSW, the NSW Heritage Division of the human Office of Environment and Heritage and Unexpected remains Archaeological Finds (Roads and Maritime 2015a). The procedure will detail requirements regarding notification of relevant agencies and the NSW Police and will be implemented for the duration of construction. Impact on NAH09 A Heritage Salvage Strategy will be prepared to Construction potential identify the salvage potential of the fabric and features salvageable from heritage items and potential heritage items that items will be demolished to facilitate the project. This could include timber joinery, fireplaces, stained glass, stairs, decorative tiles, bricks, steel truss structures, windows etc. The strategy will also identify options and a process for dissemination of salvaged items to owners, community groups and interested parties. NAH10 Sandstone kerbing in the vicinity of 32 and 34 Victoria Construction Road, Rozelle that will be removed to facilitate the

project will be salvaged and provided to Inner West Council. Loss of NAH11 The railway cutting on the eastern side of Victoria Construction heritage where Road, associated with the White Bay Power Station, items are will be considered during the development of the required to be detailed design for the realigned Victoria Road and demolished associated bridge. The final design will seek to avoid impact to the railway cutting and maintain the visual

relationship between the cutting and the White Bay Power Station site. Landscaping sympathetic to the relationship, developed in consultation with a heritage specialist, will be included in the Urban Design and Landscape Plan for the project. NAH12 A condition assessment of the southern penstock (and Construction its associated water channels) will be carried out by a

heritage specialist and a structural engineer prior to any works in the vicinity with the potential impact upon the item. If required any conservation works required to limit potential impacts on deteriorated fabric (loose bricks, corroded steel) will be identified and implemented prior to construction. NAH13 The southern penstock and its associated water Construction channels (location and extent unknown) will be

protected during works associated with the reconstruction of the Victoria Road Bridge. Potential NAH14 The new bridge over the Whites Creek Stormwater Construction impact to Channel must not impact the extant significant Whites Creek heritage fabric of the channel and should be a solely

WestConnex M4-M5 Link 20-54 Roads and Maritime Services Environmental Impact Statement

Impact No. Environmental management measure Timing Stormwater independent structure. Channel No. 95 Potential NAH15 Landscaping, following the construction of the Construction impacts on substation, should consider screening the substation Leichhardt and water treatment plant, from the Leichhardt (Darley Road) (Charles Street) Underbridge. The design and location of the landscaping will be informed by a heritage specialist and should seek to create a visual separation between the new structure and the heritage item.

WestConnex M4-M5 Link 20-55 Roads and Maritime Services Environmental Impact Statement (blank page)