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Preserving Our Digital Heritage: The National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program 2010 Report A Collaborative Initiative of The Library of Congress First issued, January 2011 ii Contents I. Executive Summary ....................................................................................... 1 A. What Is at Stake ...................................................................................... 1 B. NDIIPP Legislation ................................................................................ 1 C. Key Outcomes and Findings ................................................................ 2 D. Moving Forward .................................................................................... 4 E. Securing Knowledge for the Future .................................................... 7 II. Understanding the Digital Information Needs of the Nation .............. 9 A. The Preservation Challenge for the Nation ...................................... 10 B. Congressional Charge to the Library ................................................ 13 C. National Plan for Preservation ........................................................... 15 D. Implementing the Plan ........................................................................ 16 III. Building the National Digital Preservation Network .......................... 21 A. Stewardship Network ......................................................................... 21 B. National Digital Collection ................................................................. 26 C. Technical Infrastructure ...................................................................... 29 D. Public Policy ......................................................................................... 31 IV. Securing Knowledge for the Future ........................................................ 35 A. Chartering the National Digital Stewardship Alliance .................. 35 B. Developing a Framework for a National Digital Collection ......... 36 C. Strengthening and Enabling Public-Private Partnerships ............. 37 D. Fostering a Public Policy Environment Conducive to Digital Preservation ........................................................................ 38 E. Investment Strategy for 2010 - 2020 .................................................. 42 F. Moving Forward .................................................................................. 43 Appendixes ............................................................................................................ 45 Appendix A: National Digital Strategy Advisory Board ........................ 46 Appendix B: Projects and Partners ............................................................ 47 Appendix C: NDIIPP Partner Tools and Services Inventory ................. 57 Appendix D: NDIIPP Partner Collections ................................................ 73 Appendix E: Proposals for the Creation of a Public Policy Environment Conducive to Digital Preservation ............................... 90 Appendix F: Partnership Networks—Recommendations for the Library of Congress NDIIPP ................................................................111 Appendix G: National Digital Collecting Strategy ................................ 122 Appendix H: Strategic Objectives 2000–2020 ......................................... 132 Figures 1. Traditional Preservation versus Digital Preservation ....................... 13 2. NDIIPP Planning Process ...................................................................... 15 3. Strategic Goals ........................................................................................ 17 4. Strategic Phased Initiatives ................................................................... 18 5. Digital Preservation Communities, 2004 and 2010 ......................22-23 6. Content Collected by NDIIPP Partners ............................................... 25 7. NDIIPP Content Domains..................................................................... 27 8. Technical Architecture for Digital Preservation ................................. 28 9. NDIIPP Standard-Making Activities ................................................... 30 10. National Digital Collection Framework ............................................. 37 11. A Potential NDIIPP Governance Structure ...................................... 117 iii iv I. Executive Summary A. What Is at Stake igital information technol- In 2000, grasping the serious- ogies are the foundation ness of this situation, Congress Dof our nation’s knowledge charged the Library to create capital. They are key to economic the National Digital Information prosperity and crucial for main- Infrastructure and Preservation taining the United States’ global Program (NDIIPP) to develop a competitiveness. They deepen strategy to meet the challenge of citizens’ engagement with de- digital preservation. A network mocracy and enrich their daily of institutions committed to pre- lives by enabling new forms serving the nation’s digital heri- A popular Government, of communication and creativ- tage is now poised to carry forth ity. Now, more easily than ever, this strategy. This report summa- without popular citizens can have access to the rizes the Program’s accomplish- information they need to gov- ments to date and outlines its information, or the means ern themselves and engage in next steps. of acquiring it, is but a lifelong learning. But the great promise of new information Prologue to a Farce or a technologies also brings un- B. NDIIPP Legislation precedented challenges because In 2000, Congress authorized Tragedy; or, perhaps both. digital information is inherently $100 million to be directed to the fragile. How does our nation Library of Congress for “a major Knowledge will forever ensure that the knowledge and undertaking to develop stan- wisdom endowed to us by gen- dards and a nationwide collect- govern ignorance: And a erations of Americans, continu- ing strategy to build a national ously collected and preserved repository of digital materials” people who mean to be their since the founding of the Library (P.L. 106-554). The digital era own Governors, must arm of Congress (the Library) in 1800, presents clear challenges for such will continue to grow? an undertaking: the escalating themselves with the power scale of data creation, the global- What is at stake is the loss of data ization of information exchange, which knowledge gives. representing billions of dollars of and the immaturity of standards investment in new information and best practices, among many. James Madison, 1822 technology, new scientific dis- coveries, and new information In response to this congressional upon which our economic pros- charge, the Library undertook perity and national security de- a process of consultation with a pend. Also at stake is the trans- variety of stakeholders from the mission of ideas, knowledge, public and private sectors that and the American people’s lega- resulted in a long-term plan to cy of creativity to future genera- ensure that content of value to tions. Preserving digital content the nation will be available for is as important today as preserv- present and future users. On the ing the records of the Founding basis of these consultations, in Generation was in 1800. 2003, the Library proposed and Statue of James Madison by Walter K. Hancock. 1 Photograph by Carol M. Highsmith. ExEcutivE Summary Congress approved a plan call- spectrum of high-value digital ing for a distributed, networked content, with special attention stewardship capacity to be de- to the needs of the public policy, veloped and maintained under education and research, and cul- the leadership of the Library of tural heritage communities. Saving digital records Congress. A multiphased imple- mentation of the plan has effec- is vital to continuity of tively leveraged the strengths of C. Key Outcomes and state governments existing organizations and led to Findings more communities joining this NDIIPP organized its initiatives Challenge: State government national effort for sustainable so- and investments around these legislative digital information, lutions to digital preservation. four strategic goals identified including bills, acts, mandated in the plan. The key outcomes reports and house and sen- The Program’s plan grew from and findings associated with the recognition that to create a each goal are summarized be- ate journals, are increasingly successful and sustainable digi- low. More detail and full reports at-risk due to technological tal preservation infrastructure, from each initiative are available obsolescence. NDIIPP should focus on four on the Program’s website (www. major goals: digitalpreservation.gov). Solution: The Minnesota 1. Stewardship network: 1. Stewardship Network Historical Society, in partner- Develop a growing national preservation network. Building distributed, networked ship with the nine other state 2. National digital collection: capacity for digital preserva- governments, is developing Develop a content collection tion and long-term steward- model practices for preserv- plan that will seed a national ship is a complex undertaking. ing legislative information collection and preserve im- It demands that action be taken resources. The project has portant at-risk content. before all the critical factors in- 3. Technical infrastructure: volved are fully understood. implemented a trustworthy Build a shared technical Supporting the growth of that information
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