DOCSLIB.ORG

History of Virginia's 4-H Camping Program: a Case Study on Events Leading to the Development of the 4-H Educational Centers

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

HISTORY OF VIRGINIA'S 4-H CAMPING PROGRAM: A CASE STUDY ON EVENTS LEADING TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE 4-H EDUCATIONAL CENTERS by Robert Ray Meadows Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education in Educational Administration APPROVED: Steve Parson, Co-Chair Thomas C. Hunt, Co-Chair Robert Richards Roy S. Jones Wayne Worner March 21, 1995 Blacksburg, Virginia Key Words: 4-H, Camping, Cooperative Extension, Virginia, 4-H Educational Centers History of Virginia's 4-H Camping Program: A Case Study on Events Leading to the Development Of The 4-H Educational Centers by Robert Ray Meadows Committee Chairpersons: Steve Parson and Thomas C. Hunt Education Administration (ABSTRACT) Residential camping has long been used as a tool to reach and teach educational concepts to youth. Since the founding of the first organized residential camp in 1823 at Round Hill School's Summer Camp in Massachusetts, private and public organizations have used camping as a means to teach youth their respective missions and goals. Although a relative newcomer in the camping business when compared to other agencies and groups, 4-H has been involved in camping since the first county camp was conducted in 1915. Virginia has long been in the business of 4-H camping, reaching thousands of youth throughout the years on an annual basis. Now, ranked third nationally in total numbers of youth attending 4-H camping on an annual basis, the 4-H mission "...assisting youth, and adults working with those youth, to gain additional knowledge, life skills, and attitudes that further their development as self-directing, contributing, and productive members of society" continues to be carried out through the residential camping program. The purpose of this dissertation is to describe, record and analyze the concept that provided the foundation for the Virginia 4-H camping program becoming a reality of the 4-H educational centers. It includes the early history of the camping movement in the United States, the beginnings ii of the 4-H club program in the United States and Virginia, and 4-H involvement in reaching and involving youth audiences through camping programs. The population for this study consisted of early pioneers in the 4-H camping program representing Virginia Cooperative Extension administrators and extension agents, camp staffs, and campers from both white and African-American camping programs, as separate 4-H camping programs were conducted. A systematic document research and structured interviews of the early pioneers was conducted to reach defensible conclusions about the establishment, operation, and purpose of the 4- H camping movement in Virginia. The outcomes of this study are fourfold. First, the study serves to document the organized camping movement in the United States and the beginnings of 4-H. Second, the study explores the early beginnings of the 4-H camping movement in the country with the national 4-H camping movement. Third, the study examined the persons, events, founding and early development of the 4-H camping program in Virginia, including the separate white and African-American camping programs for Whites and African-Americans. Fourth, the study documented the history of Virginia's six 4-H educational centers. The study endeavors to contribute to the body of knowledge concerning the history of the 4-H movement in Virginia. iii Dedication To God and His unfailing love for me. My faith in His leading in my life has made me a better person, one who is more concerned about his fellow man. God sustains me at all times. His love for me helps me to live each day, no matter what the circumstances. Through faith in my Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ, I am greatly blessed to claim I John 5: 12-13. To my wife Connie, the most important person in my life on this earth. I am thankful for your love, support, and belief in me that this project could be accomplished. You, and our two daughters, Megan and Heidi, paid a high price by sacrificing time and quality experiences that were put on hold while I worked on the study. For this high price you paid, I love you all the more. No one could have a better family support group. To my parents, Robert and June, and the upbringing that you provided me. I am proud of my Appalachian culture and heritage, and value greatly the example you set for me with your hard work, appreciation for people of all races, and support of my endea- vors. Without your help and example, I would not be what I am today. You taught me what is important in life. It is great to have Christian parents, ones who walk the talk. iv Acknowledgements There are so many people who have helped me in the pursuit of this degree, ones who have provided words of encouragement, expressions of support, and sticking by me when all seemed impossible. There are so many to thank, and I sincerely appreciate these important people who have left their footprints on my life. Bob Richards started with me as Chair of my committee. Through his encouragement and leadership, he encouraged me not to give up when life seem too frustrating to continue. I will ever be grateful for his patience and belief in my ability to complete the task. Dr. Parson stood behind me through thick and thin. I am grateful for your support and for the fact that you never gave up on me. Thank you for sticking with me to the end. I am also appreciative of the other committee members, Dr. Tom Hunt, Dr. Wayne Worner, and Dr. Roy Jones. I am a better person as a result of your professionalism and support for me. Dr. Hunt's love for history has been an inspiration to me in this endeavor. I am thankful for the faith and encouragement that my co-workers in Cooperative Extension displayed throughout this long process. I could not have asked for better co-workers. I greatly appreciate the generous attitude and cooperation displayed by the library staff at Hampton University, and at Virginia Tech. The numerous people who volunteered to be inter- viewed not only provided valuable information in completing this study, but aided in my encouragement and inspiration to continue. Lastly, the researcher must thank the Virginia Cooperative Extension System for its support of the researcher by helping to underwrite tuition costs at Virginia Tech, and for encouragement to complete the degree. The insistence on continued professional development has been a major influence in the life of the researcher. v Table of Contents Page Abstract..................................................................................................................... ii Dedication................................................................................................................. iv Acknowledgement.................................................................................................... v Chapter I. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................... 1 Purpose of the Study................................................................................ 3 Research Questions................................................................................... 3 Need for the Study..................................................................................... 4 Definitions of Terms.................................................................................. 6 Limitations of the Study............................................................................ 7 Methodology.............................................................................................. 8 Organization of the Study......................................................................... 8 II. THE EMERGENCE OF THE CAMPING MOVEMENT IN THE UNITED STATES............................................................................. 10 Historical Foundations Nationally: Organized Camping Movement..................................................................................... 10 Historical Foundations Nationally: Institution Camping.......................... 17 Historical Foundations Nationally: 4-H Clubs and Program................... 20 Historical Foundations Nationally: Separation of Whites and African Americans in 4-H......................................................................... 23 Historical Foundations of the 4-H Camping Program.............................. 25 Chapter Summary..................................................................................... 26 III. 4-H IN VIRGINIA................................................................................... 29 Historical Foundations in Virginia: Separate Education for African Americans and Whites.................................................................. 30 -Life for Rural African American Children -- Early 1900's....................... 30 vi -Unequal Educational Opportunities -- Whites and African Americans........................................................................ 31 -Factions of African American Community.............................................. 32 -Importance of Education -- African Americans....................................... 33 Historical Foundations in Virginia: 4-H Clubs and Program.................. 34 -General Education Board of New York................................................... 34 -Smith Lever Act, 1914............................................................................. 35 -Morrill Acts of 1862 and 1890..............................................................
Recommended publications
  • Council on Virginia Tech History Report on Barringer Hall

    Council on Virginia Tech History Report on Barringer Hall

    Office for Strategic Affairs Council on Virginia Tech History COUNCIL ON 800 Drillfield Drive Burruss Hall, Suite 113 VIRGINIA TECH Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 HISTORY P: (540) 231-3703 F: (540) 231-3147 [email protected] July 16, 2020 To: Commemorative Tributes Committee From: The Council on Virginia Tech History, submitted on behalf of the Council by Menah Pratt-Clarke, Vice President for Strategic Affairs and Diversity Re: The residence hall currently named Barringer Hall The Council on Virginia Tech History unanimously recommends immediately removing the name Paul Barringer from the residence hall currently bearing it. Paul Brandon Barringer and Barringer Residence Hall General approach — broad considerations The Council has been asked, as part of its role, to make recommendations to the Commemorative Tributes Committee regarding the appropriateness of the University’s retaining the names of certain campus buildings. During our deliberations on Lee Hall and Barringer Hall, we used the following criteria to guide our thinking. (In future we plan to further refine these criteria and develop a process that seeks further input from the campus community.) • The connection of the individual to the institution and the appropriateness, on that basis, of honoring that individual via the monument of a building. • The value of the individual’s personal and professional contributions to the institution and society. • The alignment of the individual’s behavior and expressed values with those of the institution today; the symbolic value, positive
  • Preserving Our Digital Heritage

    Preserving Our Digital Heritage

    Preserving Our Digital Heritage: The National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program 2010 Report A Collaborative Initiative of The Library of Congress First issued, January 2011 ii Contents I. Executive Summary ....................................................................................... 1 A. What Is at Stake ...................................................................................... 1 B. NDIIPP Legislation ................................................................................ 1 C. Key Outcomes and Findings ................................................................ 2 D. Moving Forward .................................................................................... 4 E. Securing Knowledge for the Future .................................................... 7 II. Understanding the Digital Information Needs of the Nation .............. 9 A. The Preservation Challenge for the Nation ...................................... 10 B. Congressional Charge to the Library ................................................ 13 C. National Plan for Preservation ........................................................... 15 D. Implementing the Plan ........................................................................ 16 III. Building the National Digital Preservation Network .......................... 21 A. Stewardship Network ......................................................................... 21 B. National Digital Collection ................................................................
  • Law Library Historyi

    Law Library Historyi

    Law Library Historyi Compiled by Pamela Rogers Melton* Reconstruction Era (1867-1877) Although the first president of the South Carolina College, Jonathan Maxcy, recommended in 1820 that a professor of law be added to the faculty, it was not until South Carolina College was reorganized as the University of South Carolina in 1865-66 that the School of Law was established as one of ten academic schools. The Board of Trustees elected twenty-seven year old South Carolina attorney Alexander Cheves Haskell as the first professor of law and the law school opened on October 7, 1867. Professor Haskell developed his own system of leading the junior class through a course in Blackstone’s Commentaries and the senior class through a course on Stephens’ Pleading. The first class graduated in 1868. Haskell resigned the law professorship in November of 1868, closing the law school for the remainder of the academic year. The Board of Trustees elected Columbia attorney Cyrus David Melton to the professorship of law on July 12, 1869. From the opening of the law school in October 1867 until the death of Professor Melton on December 4, 1875, classes were held in the University Library, now the South Caroliniana Library, and DeSaussure College. The Board of Trustees chose Franklin J. Moses, Sr., the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of South Carolina, as Melton’s successor. Under Moses, the curriculum of the law school was modified to place a heavy emphasis on Blackstone’s Commentaries and Kent’s Lectures. When Moses died on March 6, 1877, the law school ceased to function.
  • 2008 Report of Gifts (161 Pages) South Caroliniana Library--University of South Carolina

    2008 Report of Gifts (161 Pages) South Caroliniana Library--University of South Carolina

    University of South Carolina Scholar Commons University South Caroliniana Society - Annual South Caroliniana Library Report of Gifts 4-26-2008 2008 Report of Gifts (161 pages) South Caroliniana Library--University of South Carolina Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/scs_anpgm Part of the Library and Information Science Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation University South Caroliniana Society. (2008). "2008 Report of Gifts." Columbia, SC: The ocS iety. This Newsletter is brought to you by the South Caroliniana Library at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in University South Caroliniana Society - Annual Report of Gifts yb an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The The South Carolina South Caroliniana College Library Library 1840 1940 THE UNIVERSITY SOUTH CAROLINIANA SOCIETY SEVENTY-SECOND ANNUAL MEETING UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA Saturday, April 26, 2008 Mr. Steve Griffith, President, Presiding Reception and Exhibit .............................. 11:00 a.m. South Caroliniana Library Luncheon .......................................... 1:00 p.m. Capstone Campus Room Business Meeting Welcome Reports of the Executive Council and Secretary-Treasurer Address ................................... Mr. Steve Griffith President, University South Caroliniana Society 2008 Report of Gifts to the Library by Members of the Society Announced at the 72nd Meeting of the University South Caroliniana Society (the Friends of the Library) Annual Program 26 April 2008 Mary Boykin Chesnut Writes Between the Lines – 2007 Keynote Address by Elisabeth Muhlenfeld Gifts of Manuscript South Caroliniana Gifts of Printed South Caroliniana Gifts of Pictorial South Caroliniana South Caroliniana Library (Columbia, SC) A special collection documenting all periods of South Carolina history.
  • Virginia Tech's Buildings and Campus

    Virginia Tech's Buildings and Campus

    Virginia Tech’s Buildings and Campus: Virginian, Southern, and American Wade Hampton Goodrich Bachelor of Science in Industrial Design Virginia Tech College of Architecture and Urban Studies 2018 Thesis Committee: Richard Guy Wilson, Chair Louis P. Nelson Andrew Johnston A thesis presented to the Faculty of the Department of Architectural History in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree: Master of Architectural History School of Architecture UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA Charlottesville April 2020 Acknowledgements This thesis has been a project of personal curiosity and personal identity for the past six years of my life. After attending Virginia Tech’s College of Architecture and Urban Studies and being given little to no information about the history of the school’s campus, I became determined to discover how Gothic buildings appeared in the Valley of Virginia. Further, I knew that architecture, the most costly and laborious of the arts, was always intentional. I wanted to know not just how Virginia Tech’s campus came to be, but why. After diving into the archives at Virginia Tech Special Collections, I quickly discovered that my experience at Virginia Tech, my identity as a native Virginian, and my understanding of my own life were tightly bound to the historical realities of my environment. For this intense curiosity about the history of the constructed world, I must thank my parents. My father, Walter Davis Goodrich Jr., an artist, builder, antiques collector, and historian, has shared with me for my entire life a passion for the value and beauty of tangible objects, and a reverence for the realities of the past.