DOCSLIB.ORG

Systematic Collectors Specifically Targeting Model Boats

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Systematic Collectors Specifically Targeting Model Boats Systematic collectors specifically targeting model boats Collecting Type of Occupation Name Museum Date of Number of boat Other Date of Collection Region represented Type of boat type collector museum models acquired by objects collection location (if different to the represented acquisition museum acquired? (where collection location) known) Dr Robert H National Systematic Anthropologi Barnes to Maritime Lomblen, Boat Model Anthropologist st Sean McGrail Museum 1982 1 Unknown Indonesia Peledang Geoffrey Asst Keeper Swinford Systematic Science Laird Clowes, Science Double Boat Model? Curator / expert Museum Esq. Museum 1932 1 Unknown Zanzibar outrigger canoe Curator of National Maritime Barisal, Museum and Horniman Bakargini Systematic maritime Greenhill, Mr Museum and District, East boat model Curator / expert historian Basil Garden 19.5.1966 1 No Pakistan Ghasi river boat Bhara boat, dugout canoe; balance board boat; Laitha Boat; double canoe; Kilakavai outrigger; snake boat; Ply- boat; Churulan Yes - 3128 boat; Vallum; itmes Pala boat; Museum of including Traval boat; Systematic Zoologist and Archaeology model boats kolamaran; Boat Model seafaring and and Choondar; Collector Ethnographer ethnographer Hornell Anthropology 1949 18 photographs India Basau; Page 1 of 4 Yes - 3128 itmes Museum of including Systematic Zoologist and Archaeology model boats Boat Model seafaring and and Outrigger Collector Ethnographer ethnographer Hornell Anthropology 1949 1 photographs Indonesia (?) canoe Yes - 3128 itmes Museum of including Systematic Zoologist and Archaeology model boats Upper Nile Boat Model seafaring and and province, Collector Ethnographer ethnographer Hornell Anthropology 1949 1 photographs Sudan Ambatch raft Yes - 3128 itmes Museum of including Systematic Zoologist and Archaeology model boats Ceylon, Sri Boat Model seafaring and and Lanka; Gulf of Oru, outrigger Collector Ethnographer ethnographer Hornell, J. Anthropology 1949 1 photographs Mannar canoe Tamil Nadu? Karnataka? Systeamtic Hornell, Pitt Rivers Yes - 38 Cauvery Boat Model Anthropologist Ethnograper James Museum 1923 1 various items River, India Coracle Zoologist and Systematic seafaring Hornell, Science Lamu, East Boat Model Ethnographer ethnographer James (?) Museum 1936 1 Unknown Africa Mtepe Yes - 3128 itmes Museum of including Systematic Zoologist and Archaeology model boats Boat Model seafaring and and Peninsular Collector Ethnographer ethnographer Hornell, Mrs Anthropology 1949 1 photographs Malaysia Outrigger Government administrator Museum of Systematic Anthropologist , Sudan and Archaeology Upper Nile Boat Model and colonial anthropologi and province, Collector official st Howell, P.P. Anthropology 1937 1 Unknown Sudan Ambatch canoe Page 2 of 4 Nautical History Enthusiast and Pioneer Researcher in British Columbia Maritime Heritage, Major armed forces - Frederick Systematic Active Militia Victor Science Irrawaddy rice Boat Model? Armed forces of Canada Longstaff Museum 1894(?) 1 Myanmar boat Indian Army Systematic and model Major M. Science Lamu, Coast, Pasenger boat Boat Model Armed forces maker Castle-Smith Museum 1932(?) 2 Unknown Kenya Chuiru; dhow National Systematic Royal Naval Mercury Maritime Oru, ourtigger Boat Model Armed forces training ship Coll’n? Museum Unknown 1 Yes Sri Lanka canoe Mercury Collection National Systematic Royal Naval bought by Maritime Boat Model Armed forces training ship James Caird Museum 14.10.1927 1 Yes Oman Ghanja Naval Messrs. John Systematic architect I. Thornycroft Science Keeling-Cocos Boat Model Naval architect company & Co. Ltd. Museum 1935 2 Unknown Islands Canoe; lifeboat Naval architect and founder of National Systematic NMM Robert Maritime Myanmar Boat Model Naval architect collections Seppings? Museum pre 1869 1 (Burma) War boat Yes - at least Founded to 15 items study naval Royal United Horniman including Systematic Curatorial / and military Services Museum and pipes and Masula; boat models expert science Institution Garden Prior to 1898 3 model boats India unknown Page 3 of 4 Yes - at least Founded to 15 items study naval Royal United Horniman including Systematic Curatorial / and military Services Museum and pipes and Maldive boat models expert science Institution Garden Prior to 1898 1 model boats Islands Mas dhoni Yes - at least Founded to 15 items study naval Royal United Horniman including Systematic Curatorial / and military Services Museum and pipes and Bugla, or boat models expert science Institution Garden Prior to 1898 1 model boats Persian Gulf baggala The Surf Life- Saving Systematic Association Science Boat Model? Charity Charity of Australia Museum 1925 1 Unknown Australia Surf life-boat Page 4 of 4.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • INP Seance Scientifique
    Ship Construction Techniques in Antiquity around the World and Modern Documentation Methods in Underwater Archaeology INP Séances scientifiques Speaker: Max Fiederling M.A. Ancient Ship Building and construction techniques around the world Terms and categories: hide, log, sewn, lashed-plank, clinker (and reverse-clinker), Mortise and tenon / shell-first and frame-first. Frame-first technique dominates the modern ship construction industry, the ancient ship builders relied primarily on the other techniques to build their watercrafts. Regardless of differences in the construction, the vessels of the ancient world were also seaworthy crafts, capable of allowing people to engage in large-scale maritime trade as well as in inland trade on rivers and lakes. Stone carving - Norway / 9000 BCE? During the Paleolithic people probably began to build watercrafts for the first time, with which the high seas can be sailed. They were probably already plank boats or larger skin boats. Cyprus, Crete, Sardinia, Ireland, Canary Islands => first traces of settlements originating from the mainland. The targeted deep-sea fishing also begins a little outside of visual contact with the coast. Framed Boats Bark Canoes Skin boats Skin boats dominated seafaring in places that were scarce on wood, including the arctic and subarctic. They were made by stretching skin or leather over frames of wood or bone. These include kayaks and umiaks, coracles and currachs Birchbark Canoe Coracle / India 2019. Large birchbark canoes, like the one pictured above (1926) were used by northern Indigenous groups to reach interior waterways Ancient Assyrian bas relief (700-629 BC) of the river Tigris showing the shipping of in search of caribou.
    [Show full text]
  • Humbler Craft: Rafts of the Egyptian Nile, 17Th-20Th Centuries AD’, International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 40(2): 344-360
    This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Wiley Blackwell in the International Journal of Nautical Archaeology (IJNA), appearing online on 26 October 2010 and in print in Volume 40, Issue 2, in September 2011. The published version is available online at doi: 10.1111/j.1095- 9270.2010.00295.x. Please use the IJNA version in any citations: Cooper, J.P. 2011. ‘Humbler Craft: Rafts of the Egyptian Nile, 17th-20th Centuries AD’, International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 40(2): 344-360 Humbler Craft: Rafts of the Egyptian Nile, 17th-20th Centuries AD John P. Cooper The MARES Project, Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4ND, UK, [email protected] Abstract Written accounts and images created by foreign travellers on the Egyptian Nile over the past four centuries indicate the widespread use of rafts and floats for both local and long-distance Nile travel. Many of the materials employed are poor survivors in archaeological deposits, or are otherwise easily overlooked as components of river-craft: moreover, several of these raft types were built for a single season or journey, then dismantled. Well- preserved wooden boats belonging to the pharaonic élite have commanded the attention of maritime archaeologists of the Nile. But these traveller accounts alert us to a class of vessels not yet recognized in archaeological deposits, and which point to a humbler quotidian experience of Nile navigation than the royal ships of antiquity. Key words: Egypt, Nile, Boat, Raft, Navigation, Landscape. Introduction When it comes to the watercraft of the Egyptian Nile, scholarly and popular attention has so far been drawn powerfully towards high-status, wooden- hulled vessels of the Pharaonic period.
    [Show full text]
  • The Welsh, the Vikings, and the Lost Tribes of Israel on the Northern Plains: the Legend of the White Mandan
    Copyright © 1988 by the South Dakota State Historical Society. All Rights Reserved. The Welsh, the Vikings, and the Lost Tribes of Israel on the Northern Plains: The Legend of the White Mandan JAMES D. MCLAIRD From the earliest European discoveries, rumors of "white Indi- ans" have circulated in America. Always to the west of settled areas, there were supposed to be people who possessed advanced customs and technology, unlike the "uncivilized savages" the frontiersmen had already met and fought. Sometimes these claims were buttressed by "eyewitness accounts" of meetings with bearded, light-skinned Indians, some of whom possessed Bibles.' While such curious tales plainly fascinated settlers, politi- cal significance was often attached to them as well. John Dee and 1. Bernard De Voto, The Course of Empire (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1952), pp. 68-73, 470-71, contains a good discussion of rumors and "evidence" of reported "white Indians" assumed to he descendants of "Prince Madoc of Wales," who sup- posedly came to America in A.D. 1170. A detailed listing of meetings between fron- tiersmen and "white Indians" is included in Zella Armstrong's uncritical account of the Madoc theory entitled Who Discovered America?: The Amazing Story of Madoc (Chattanooga, Tenn.: Lookout Publishing Co., 1950). She mentions remnants of an old tattered book among the Indians (p. 122). Another account of the Madoc legend by an advocate of the theory is Richard Deacon's Madoc and the Discovery of America: Some New Light on an Old Controversy (New York: George Braziller, 1966), pp. 108-23, 151-63. David Williams, "John Evans' Strange Journey: Part I.
    [Show full text]
  • Snorri Sturluson Skáldskaparmál 2
    Snorri Sturluson Edda Skáldskaparmál 2 Snorri Sturluson Edda Skáldskaparmál 2. Glossary and Index of Names Edited by ANTHONY FAULKES VIKING SOCIETY FOR NORTHERN RESEARCH UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON 1998 © Anthony Faulkes 1998 First published by Viking Society for Northern Research 1998 Reprinted with minor corrections 2007 ISBN: 978 0 903521 38 3 Volume 2, paper bound edition Printed by Short Run Press Limited, Exeter Contents of Volume 1 Introduction ............................................................................. vii Title ....................................................................................... vii Synopsis ...............................................................................viii The composition of the work ............................................... x Date and authorship.............................................................. xi The verse quotations ..........................................................xiii The flulur .............................................................................. xv The dialogue frame...........................................................xviii The prose narratives .......................................................... xxii The analysis of poetic diction .......................................... xxv Purpose............................................................................xxxvii Manuscripts ..................................................................... xxxix This edition ...........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Name, a Novel
    NAME, A NOVEL toadex hobogrammathon /ubu editions 2004 Name, A Novel Toadex Hobogrammathon Cover Ilustration: “Psycles”, Excerpts from The Bikeriders, Danny Lyon' book about the Chicago Outlaws motorcycle club. Printed in Aspen 4: The McLuhan Issue. Thefull text can be accessed in UbuWeb’s Aspen archive: ubu.com/aspen. /ubueditions ubu.com Series Editor: Brian Kim Stefans ©2004 /ubueditions NAME, A NOVEL toadex hobogrammathon /ubueditions 2004 name, a novel toadex hobogrammathon ade Foreskin stepped off the plank. The smell of turbid waters struck him, as though fro afar, and he thought of Spain, medallions, and cork. How long had it been, sussing reader, since J he had been in Spain with all those corkoid Spanish medallions, granted him by Generalissimo Hieronimo Susstro? Thirty, thirty-three years? Or maybe eighty-seven? Anyhow, as he slipped a whip clap down, he thought he might greet REVERSE BLOOD NUT 1, if only he could clear a wasp. And the plank was homely. After greeting a flock of fried antlers at the shevroad tuesday plied canticle massacre with a flash of blessed venom, he had been inter- viewed, but briefly, by the skinny wench of a woman. But now he was in Rio, fresh of a plank and trying to catch some asscheeks before heading on to Remorse. I first came in the twilight of the Soviet. Swigging some muck, and lampreys, like a bad dram in a Soviet plezhvadya dish, licking an anagram off my hands so the ——— woundn’t foust a stiff trinket up me. So that the Soviets would find out.
    [Show full text]
  • Ld :\.Lethods the Materials Used for the Design Includes: Drawing Hoard, Draw Ing Paper
    DES[G~ A"ID CO:-.l'STRUCl101'l OF 1.5M CORACLE FOR POND ACTIVITIES IRRAlID1, A., ABCDAKAR, S. & L.'\f. AV AO\VEI Federal College of Freshwater Fisheries Technology, P.\1B 1500, New Bussa AHSTR<\CTJ A coracle Lorn (LOA) was dC::".Jgnnl and constructed usmg hardwood for the frame work and plywood for the base and SIde covcrmg. It is oval In shape and after construction its light displacement was 24kg and with a dead weight (capacity) of 140kg (2 persons) with a co...t (·,t'mate of NIl. 500. When placed on water It floated at a drat! of 4.2cm and easily maneuvered by propcllmg with a paddle. The craft is characterized by light weight, portability, and ability to float at shallow draft, hence could be used on shallow water body like ponds for aquaculture thereby increasing fish production. INTRODLC.TION A fishing boat-canoe can be de ...cribcd as a floating plat-form used to transport the crew and equipment during fishing operation (NRC 19F(8). Although well designed fishmg boats \\ ith adequate in-built fish boxes are in use in developed countries, they arc generally not available in developing countries hke Nigeria, where fish when caught are thrown into canoe which range from pnrmuve to row-boat or canoes made of tloai ing wood to dugout canoes, which in most case are not mechanized. The Importance of water-borne craft In fishing activities cannot be over emphasized Without a boat/canoe the fisherman is restricted to fishing along the shore hence reduced effective Iislung ("IRe 1%~).
    [Show full text]
  • Canoe and Boat Buildings by W
    iMiiteii #-<v- C/v/oBaXd^O/lT iMS3£i£^"^'''M$Sm:MSS ^Ib'^'' WOOD LIBKART Digitized by tine Internet Arciiive in 2007 witii funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation littp://www.arcliive.org/details/canoeboatbuildinOOstepiala Forest and Stream Books. Canoe and Boat Buildings By w. p. Stephens. 360 pp., and fifty plates of working drawings. Prit:»_^lj^o.^2.00 Canoe Handling, ByC B. Vaux,"Dot," Price $1.00. Camp G^ Canoe Cookery, By«'Seneca," Price $1x0. Woodcraft, By "Nessmuk," Price $1.00. Dog Training, By S. T. Hammond, Price $1.00. Angling Talks, By George Dawson, Price 50 cents. Antelope and Deer of America, By John Dean Caton, L.L>. D., Price $2.50. Small Yachts, By C. p. Kunhardt, Quarto. (Size of page, i4j4xi2M» with sixty-three full-page plates.) Price $7.00. The Canoe Aurora, By Dr. Chas. A. Neide, Price $1.00. CAiq:OE AND BOAT BUILDING. A COMPLETE MANUAL FOR AMATEURS. CONTAINING PLAIN AND COMPREHENSIVE DIRECTIONS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF CANOES, ROW- ING AND SAILING BOATS AND HUNTING CRAFT. BY W. P. STEPHENS, Canoeing Editor of Forest and Stream. With Numerous Illustrations and Fifty Plates of Working Drawings. FOURTH EDITION, REVISED AND EXTENDED TO DATE. NEW YORK: Forest and Stream Publishing Co. 1889. Copyright, FORKST AND StkBAM PcbUSHTNO Co . 1889. — PREFACE. The character and object of this book are set forth on its title page. It is a manual designed for the practical assist- ance of those who -wish to build their own canoes The number of boating men who find pleasure merely in sailing a boat is small compared with those who delight not only in handling, but as well in planning, building, improv- ing or "tinkering" generally on their pet craft, and undoubt- edly the latter derive the greater amount of pleasure from the sport.
    [Show full text]
  • MEREKEELE NÕUKOJA Koosoleku Teokiri Nr 80 09.04.2013 Veeteede
    MEREKEELE NÕUKOJA Koosoleku teokiri nr 80 09.04.2013 Veeteede Amet Tallinn, Valge tn 4 Algus kell 14.00, lõpp 16.00 Osavõtjad: Malle Hunt, Peedu Kass, Uno Laur, Taidus Linikoja, Aado Luksepp, Ants Raud, Rein Raudsalu, Tauri Roosipuu, Madli Vitismann, Peeter Veegen, Ants Ärsis. Juhataja: Peedu Kass Kirjutaja: Malle Hunt 1. Mälestasime leinaseisakuga meie seast lahkunud nõukoja liiget Ain Eidastit. 2. Vastasime terminoloogi küsimustele. Pikem selgitus terminitele port ja harbour Peeter Veegen: Meil Tallinnas on "Port of Tallinn" administratiiv-juriidiline ettevõte, mille koosseisus mitu väiksemat sadamat, mida võime tõlkida "harbour" (Paljassaare Harbour, Old Harbour, Paldiski Harbour). Ajalooliselt on pigemini kujunenud nii, et Harbour on varjumis- ja seismise koht laevadele, millel võib olla erinevaid funktsioone (nt. Miinisadam, Lennusadam, Hüdrograafiasadam jne.) Ehk ka "Last harbour" - viimne varjupaik. Port on seevastu kauba käitlemise, lastimise-lossimise, reisijate teenendamise koht- teiste sõnadega ühendus maa ja mere vahel (ka arvutil on mitu "porti" ühenduseks maailmaga). Merekaubavedudel kasutame mõisted "Port of call", "Port of destination" Vene keelest leiame analoogiana gavanj = harbour, port = port Eesti keeles on meil mõlemal juhul sadam, nii et neid kattuvaid mõisteid võime kasutada nii ja naa, aga kontekstist lähtuvalt võiks siiski tõlkes ajaloolist tausta arvestada. Madli Vitismann: - "port" on enam ettevõte, terminalide kogum ja muu lastimisega seotu - sadamaettevõtted Port of Tallinn ja Ports of Stockholm (samuti mitut sadamat koondav ettevõte). Või Paldiski Northern Port kui omaette sadamaettevõte. - "harbour" on pigem sadam kui konkreetne sadamabassein, sildumiskoht jm, nt Old City harbour Tallinna Sadama koosseisus ja Kapellskär Stockholmi Sadamate koosseisus - nende kodulehel on rubriik "Ship in harbour" http://www.stockholmshamnar.se/en/ . Ka rootsi keeles on üks vaste sõnale "sadam" - "hamn".
    [Show full text]
  • Study of Boat Figures in Alta Rock Art and Other Scandinavian Locations
    1 Study of Boat Figures in Alta Rock Art and other Scandinavian locations. With a view to elucidate their construction, and discuss the origin of the Nordic Boat Per Gierløff Klem Master Thesis in Archaeology at the University of Oslo, Department of Archaeology, Conservation and History 2010 2 View from Ole Pedersen, 18 meters above sea level, with boat figure 44 in the middle of the foreground. Photo Karin Tansem, Alta museum Frontispiece The frontispiece is probably the oldest carving of a boat figure in Norway. It is located 26 meters above sea level at Kåfjord in Alta, showing a small boat with a reindeer figurehead superimposed on a larger elk head. Traced from photo by Karin Tansem. 3 Table of Contents List of Illustrations 4 Foreword 5 Acknowledgments 6 Chapter 1 Introduction 7 Chapter 2: Research History 11 Chapter 3: Boats of the Circumpolar Region 22 Chapter 4: Boats in other Cultures 38 Chapter 5: Boat Figures of Hunters and Gatherers 44 Chapter 6: Alta 50 Chapter 7: Boat Figures in Alta 53 Chapter 8: Table of Proposed Generations 54 Chapter 9: Catalogue of Boat Figures 55 Chapter 10: Analysis 71 Chapter 11: Comments on the Hjortspring boat 83 Chapter 12: Summary and Conclusion 88 List of literature and sources 93 4 List of Illustrations 1. Rødøy and Skjomen carvings, from Brøgger 1951: 15 2. Evenhus carving, from Brøgger 1951: 17 3. North Alaskan Whaling Umiak, from Adney 2007: 187 4. Detail of decorated ceremonial skin, Siberia, from Fitzhugh 1988: 309 5. Figurehead decoration of Kayaks, Brindley 1919: 132 6.
    [Show full text]
  • The Origins and Ethnological Significance of Indian Boat Designs
    The Origins and Ethnological Significance Of Indian Boat Designs JAMES HORNELL Director of Fisheries, Madras Government Memoirs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Calcutta 1920 Re- issued by South Indian Federation of Fishermen Societies, Trivandrum Indian Boat Designs 1 The Origins and Ethnological Significance Of Indian Boat Designs JAMES HORNELL Director of Fisheries, Madras Government Memoirs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Calcutta 1920 Re- issued by South Indian Federation of Fishermen Societies, Trivandrum 2 J. Hornell on THE ORIGINS AND ETHONOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF INDIAN BOAT DESIGNS Ist Print 1920 Re Issued September 2002 Re - Issued By South Indian Federation of Fishermen Societies Karamana (P.O), Trivandrum - 695 002 Tel : (91) 471- 34 3711, 34 3178 Fax : (91) 471 - 34 2053 Email : [email protected] Website : http://www.siffs.org Design by SIFFS Computer Centre Printed at G.K. Enterprises, Ernakulam This work was first published in 1920. Every attempt has been made to trace the copyright for this work. The publishers would value any information from or about copyright owners for acknowledgement in future editions of this book. Indian Boat Designs 3 PREFACE (to this re-issue) Fishing in India has a great antiquity, but very little documentation exists of the technical aspects in any of our ancient or medieval records and literature. It is only in colonial times that substantial documentation emerges on fishermen and their occupation. The role of the Madras Fisheries Department is the most significant in this. Set up in 1907 under Sir Fredrick Nicholson, its remarkable work in fisheries documentation will put to shame all our post-colonial efforts.
    [Show full text]
  • Earlywatercraft – a Global Perspective of Invention and Development
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289239067 Proposal of the Global Initiative: EarlyWatercraft – A global perspective of invention and development Book · January 2016 CITATIONS READS 0 6,788 1 author: Miran Erič Institute for the Protection of Cultural Heritage of Slovenia 44 PUBLICATIONS 87 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Visual language View project Underwater documentation methodology View project All content following this page was uploaded by Miran Erič on 06 September 2019. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. GLOBAL INITIATIVE: Early Watercraft – A global perspective of invention and development Proposal of the Initiative (Edited by: Ronald Bockius and Miran Eriˇcwith Ambassadors) Vrhnika, Slovenia 19th - 23rd of April 2015 GLOBAL INITIATIVE: Early Watercraft – A global perspective of invention and development Figure 1: Symbolic meaning of the official EWA logotype Idria lace represent water net and connecting of all nation around the world Inner green round drawing representing our planet Earth Outer red round drawing represent the oldest and most important human invention Early Watercraft Initiative is the short name of the global initiative ”Early Watercraft - a global perspective of invention and development” Red colour of the name is the symbolic meaning of the oldest clay red pigment iron oxide used by humankind Early Watercraft – A global perspective of invention
    [Show full text]
  • 30. Fishing Crafts of Inland Water Bodies in India
    Session 30 FISHING CRAFTS OF INLAND WATER BODIES IN INDIA DEV INTRODUCTION Fishing crafts are most essential for catching the fish in large scale in water bodies. A large variety of crafts (boats) have been designed for marine and inland fishing in India. The types of fishing crafts of India falls under two general categories. These are non-mechanized and mechanized fishing crafts. Based on the topographical variations and difference in habits and habitats of fishes, different types of crafts and gears are used in various inland water systems of India. DEV The simplest and most primitive types of craft used for fishing in inland waters are the rafts and songas, operated in calm waters. In the larger rivers and estuaries subject to strong current and tidal movements, sturdier plank built boats are used. DEV Rafts DEV DEV MAJOR FISHING CRAFTS Rafts: The rafts are made of various materials as: i. Inflated buffalo skin and bamboo sticks are used as platform in lower reaches of Ganges. ii. Banana stems or shoal bundles tied to form a floating platform as in ponds, and calm waters of West Bengal, South Bihar and Thanjavur district in Tamil Nadu. They are also used in low and marshy land. iii. Earthen pots tied together to support alight platform of bamboo as in the river Ganges near Patna, Gaya and in the river Cauvery. DEV iv. Coracle - A shallow circular framework of wicker covered with a well-stretched cowhide as outer layer with a thin layer of tar to make it fully water proof – today replaced by tarred calico or canvas, or simply fiberglass.
    [Show full text]