VOL. XVIII WINTER, 1965 NO. 2 •'• • . YEARS OF

TO THE PROFESSION

1. Consulting service—no charge to their clientele 2. Quality Products 3. Competitive Prices 4. Personal and Courteous Service

• Buckeye Brand Products • Bernard Special Diets *• Pfizer (made to the strictest speci- • Burns * » Schering fications) • Squibb • UUCurts I U ' • Abbott Veterinary Products • Vet-Kern • Eaton • Diamond <• Winthrop • Professional Nutrition • Fromm ,• Quality Instruments and Products • Merck many other specialty items

COLUMBUS, OHIO INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA ^*rr The Ohio State University — College of Veterinary Medicine

The SPECULUM

VOLUME XVIII WINTER, 1965 NUMBER 2

Editor Bruce Briggs IN Publication Staff Associate Editors THIS Barbara Stein Jon Ellis Staff Members ISSUE Fred Birk Dennis Lehman Dale Duerr Paul Stull Tom Deters Joe Wagner Dorothea Freitas Charles Wallace FEATURES PAGE Bob Fritz David Zipf Joan Hurley Current Theories of Antibody Production 5 Here Today - Gone Tomorrow 7 Contributors Brucella Agortus Strain Richard Bohning Bill Beam 19 Infections in Humans 15 Richard Koritansky Herm Wolfe Class of 1955 ... 20 Feline Pneumonitis 23 Joyce Dill Norman Pinfold Curriculum Changes 31 The Prevention of Tetanus In ADVERTISING STAFF the Horse 32 Manager—Tom Fox Dale Duerr

CIRCULATION STAFF COLLEGE NEWS Manager—Dale Duerr Faculty News 10 Omega Tau Sigma News 14 Dr. Adams Visits Campus 17 PHOTOGRAPHER Dr. Smith Named to Advisory Board 27 Dennis Lehman Alumni News 28 Student AVMA News 30 AVMA Auxiliary News 36 FACULTY ADVISORY BOARD Heart Month 37 Alpha Psi News 40 DR. R. W. REDDING—Chairman DR. W. R. KRILL, DR. P. W. MURDICK

THE SPECULUM is a quarterly publication of The Ohio DEPARTMENT State University College of Veterinary Medicine. It is published by the students for the dissemination of news Across the Dean's Desk 3 to the alumni, faculty, students, and other interested persons. Contributions are welcomed but we reserve the You're The Doctor 35 right to edit the material. Cover Photo: See Article, Page 7 WINTER, 1965 TETRA DELTA NEW BOVINE MASTITIS PRODUCT Four select antibiotics and greater anti-inflammatory activity than any other mastitis product for prompt, successful control of today's mastitis problems (in many refractory cases, too!) D Exclusive antistaphylococcic agent, Albamycm* for specific control of staph. organisms. D Complementary effect of select antibiotics provides greater antibacterial coverage and minimizes the development of resistant strains of bacteria. • 10 mg. of Prednisolone, per dose, against the effects of inflammation. Each 10 cc, contains: prednisolone, 10 mg.; novobiocin (as novobiocin sodium), 100 mg.; neomycin sulfate, 150 mg. (equiv. to 105 mg. neomycin base); procaine penicillin G, 100,000 International units, dihydrostreptomycin base (as the sulfate), 100 mg.; chlorobutanol anhydrous (chloral derivative), 50 mg.; in a special bland vehicle. Available in single dose 10 cc. tubes, 10 cc. Plastets% and multiple-dose 100 cc. vials. Warning—Milk that has been taken from animals during treatment and for 72 hours (6 milkings) after latest treatment must not be used for food or marketed for cheese making.

'MM m

0.

.. where science turns to healing Upjohn Across the DEAN'S DESK

I have just returned from our Ohio minority group among the medically Veterinary Medical Association meet­ trained personnel of a community have ing which is always a most rewarding a particular responsibility as well as experience. The satisfaction which a unique opportunity to promote the comes from visiting with former stu­ best interests of their profession, uents and learning of their contribu As previously inferred we are now in tions to society and the advancement the process of interviewing, screening of the profession is something which and selecting next year's class. I only one must experience in order to fully wish all of you could spend an after­ appreciate. The image of the profes­ noon interviewing these young stu­ sion which you have portrayed in your dents. I am sure you would have a daily professional activities has had much greater appreciation of the cali­ an impact which is being reflected in ber of students and the problems in­ the caliber of young men knocking at volved. In our position we are expected our doors seeking admission to our to be absolutely fair and impartial in veterinary colleges. While I would in our our admissions, and the selections no way wish to minimize the role of must be made strictly on merit. How public relations material presented to does one determine merit and what are the general public, I am more convinc­ the standards used in determining ed each day as I interview student ap­ merit? All biologic subjects including plicants for admission to veterinary man are a product of inheritance and medicine, that the most lasting and im­ environment and, therefore, subject to pressionable public relations is the ex­ wide variation as to potential and per­ ample set by each and every veterinar­ formance. It has been stated that a ian in his daily contacts with those who man's potential is determined at the utilize his services or work with him time of conception and the development in the various community activities, of his potential is determined by his While the veterinarian engaged in the environment. With the broad variabil­ treatment of animals has perhaps the ity in both the genetic make-up and en­ greatest opportunity to impress and vironment of individuals, the problem stimulate interest and motivation in of setting standards of merit are far young people to pursue veterinary med­ more difficult than m the case of phys­ fchje as a career the over-a,, image WjW-g J*g om Jj* ^ t0 and prestige of the profession is de­ pendent upon the quality of profes­ J^tfJ^l%%?£S sional and community service perform­ 25Q_SQ0 applicants? The easiest and ed by each veterinarian in the broad hapa the most easily defended way field of veterinary science. would be to take all the applicants, Veterinarians being numerically a who have completed all the pre-profes- WINTER, 1965 3 sional requirements and rank them the Director of Admissions, who is di­ academically according to point hour; rectly responsible to the President and select the top eighty and reject the the Board of Trustees. While the re­ balance. Based on past experience such sponsibility for final decisions rests a procedure would be tragic and many with the Director of Admissions, no of our most capable performers would student is admitted without full re­ have been missed while many misguid­ commendation of our college represent­ ed, improperly motivated individuals atives and all admissions have full would have taken their place. approval of the entire committee. Each It is our feeling that in the selection admission must be made on a strictly of professional students, the most im­ impartial basis in order that we can portant thing is the individual. It is not defend our decision to those denied important that he be capable of mem­ admission. All of us realize that many orizing professional knowledge, but he of the students turned down might should be able and dedicated to apply perform satisfactorily in college if his professional knowledge in keeping given an opportunity and could go on with the highest professional stan­ to make successful practitioners. Since dards for the best interest of society. admission is competitive and selctive, With this in mind, we require a per­ in all fairness we must give preference sonal interview, by at least two mem­ to those who have demonstrated the bers of our faculty, usually Dr. Ven­ better academic performance, provided zke and me. At the time of our inter­ their personal qualifications are accept­ view we attempt to learn all we can of able. an individual's background, interests, I hope that by sharing with you activities, productivity and other facts some of the present-day problems of which sparked the applicant's motiva­ student selection you may have gained tion for veterinary medicine. Our main a little better perspective and under­ purpose in the interview is to learn all standing when some fine young man we can about factors which might have from your community may not be ad­ a bearing on the applicant's profession­ mitted. Of one thing we can be sure, al potential. any mistakes are strictly errors in judgement and not because of pre­ In order not to prejudge applicants, judice or outside pressures. we do not review the student's tran­ scripts of credits until after we have In closing may I remind all of you made our evaluation as to the profes­ that our annual Open House will be sional potential of the individual. Many held this year on Saturday, April 10. things come out in the course of per­ We have had many inquiries from high sonal interviews which would not show school students, as no doubt many of up in a transcript and are very im­ you have, about veterinary medicine as a career. The students are again organ­ portant in our final judgment. After izing a very fine educational program students have been interviewed and with interesting exhibits and tours evaluated on the basis of personal which in the past have created most qualifications, we then meet with the favorable comment from those in at­ representatives of the Entrance Board, tendance. Any of you who can take who have carefully checked the appli­ time off from your busy schedules to cant's credits to make sure all require­ bring a load of students to the campus ments have been completed and have for this occasion, I am sure you would figured the student's point hour. At find it most interesting. this point the student's academic per­ formance comes into the picture. Other things being equal from the standpoint of personal qualifications, we must Sincerely, then in all fairness give admission to those applicants having demonstrated the best academic performance. The final admission of all students includ­ ing all professional students rests with UUkr & JCi

The SPECULUM Current Theories Of Antibody Production

BY NORMAN PINFOLD, VET. MED. IV

In the lower zoologic phyla, from the volving the antigen itself. These tem­ invertebrates down, phagocytic and en­ plate or "instructional" theories say zymatic mechanisms appear to be their that the protein synthesizing process only methods of destroying pathogens. is actually changed by the antigen and However, recent studies have shown caused to produce new molecules of that with the advent of the thymus anibody with new characteristics.3 and organized lymphoid structures, an­ Here are some of the ideas in this other protective mechanism which in­ grouping. The first view point that we volves the immunological response or, find here is essentially that antigen antieren-antibody reaction, is introduc­ may act as the pattern or template for ed. More studies have further revealed altering the developing globulin mole­ that the first immunological responses cules so that they will in turn form are unable to be illicited, until the complementers or antibodies to the embryonic period at which lympoid antigens.4 This suggests that a mod­ elements such as lymphocytes are first ification of polar forces or a stereo ­ able to be described.1 The immunologic chemical rearrangement may occur in response depends upon the establish­ the globulin molecule, as it is formed ment of a functioning lymphoid system under the influence of a complementary and the thymus is the original source radical on the antigen moleclue.3 It of at least some of the most important also may be that formation of the anti­ elements concerned with these reac­ bpdy molecules depends upon a recon- tions.2 The thvmus embryonicallv at figuration of the coiling of the already the time of first immunological re- formed protein chain that will only SDonse, is developing from the entoder­ occu3r under the influence of the anti­ mal and ectodermal lavers of the third gen. p«nd fourth, branchial clefts, and is the first organ in which any lvmphoic! A second viewpoint in the first cate­ elements are able to be seen. The initial gory of ideas is that the RNA protein- thymic lymphocytes nrobably arise by synthesizing template mechanisms a direct transformation of epithelial within the antibody producing cells cells. It has been suggested that these themselves, are altered by the presence thymic lymphocytes might develop of antigens. In essence this theory says from specialized reticulnm cells within that the RNA templates are modified the thymus. Support for this is the by the presence of antigen. Many sus­ rather consistent close association be­ pect that this may occur through a process of transpeptidization under the tween mitotic thvmic lymphocvtes and 3 a tvpe of reticulnm cell which stains influence of appropriate enzymes. with the periodic acid-Shiff stain and They feel that the new protein (anti­ which is found only within the cortex body) that is produced by this process of the thymus.1 then in turn makes a secondary RNA template that continues to produce re­ How antibody is actually synthesized plicas of the antibody molecules. This i«i a question that has yet to be answer­ process may even continue after the ed and there are manv different theor­ antigen has disappeared from the sys­ ies as to its oriein. All of the various tem. viewpoints of this present date may A third theory within the first be listed into two main categories, the category actually suggests a physical instructional theory, and the clonal or structual change in the antibody theory. producing cells that is instigated by the The first category or the instruc­ presence of antigen.3 Proponents of tional theories proposes that the pro­ this theory feel that the antigen may tein-synthesizing templates within the influence the hereditary mechanisms antibody producing cells are actually within the antibody producing cells by altered by some mode of activity in­ combining with the DNA in the nu-

WINTER, 1965 cleus and altering in turn, the RNA ment is shown by giving labeled amino cytoplastic templates for protein for­ acids and globulins to vaccinated ani­ mation. mals. The amino acids quickly enter into the antibody being produced while A fourth and final idea fitting under the globulins will not enter into it at the instructional category of theories is 3 presented by Robert S. Speirs in the all. February, 1964, "Scientific American" Another fact that is puzzling today in an article entitled, "How Cells Attack is that there is no existing evidence to Antigens." Speirs believes and presents suggest that antibody globulin mole­ very good reasoning and evidence to cules differ in their chemical make up support his idea that some antigen is from other antibodies, or from non- preserved within macrophages by its antibody globulin in respect to free combining with RNA, and that this stor­ amino groups or amino acid composi­ ed antigen cannot be released until new tion.3 similar antigen is introduced into the system. He feels antigen-RNA com­ Neither of the two sets of theories plex is passed along from one genera­ is based totally upon fact and much tion of cells to the next. He does not conjecture has gone into formulating clearly states how the antigen RNA these ideas. Problems continue and a­ complex has an influence ur>on the type rise. Such questions as, how do anti­ of antibody that is produced but his gens participate in the process of anti­ evidence clearly shows that the com­ body reproduction, or how do they plex: is an aid in illiciting a larere and stimulate the anamnestic response, or more effective inflamatory reaction.5 what causes immunological tolerances, The second main category or the are only a few examples of the chal­ "clonal hypothesis", briefly states that lenges in this field. Much work, how­ antigens select a few cells that, by ever, is being done today and with chance, are already making the kind good fortune, answers to many of the of protein which acts as antibody to Questions and doubts will be given in that antigen. The antigen then induces the near future. Upon the answers to selective reproduction (Clone forma­ these and many other questions hinges tion) of these cells, so that more of many medical advances such as bio­ the same type globulin will be produc­ transplants and grafts, the ability for ed.3 The clonal hypothesis proposes man to produce in auantity specific that antibody protein is an excess antibodies at specific times and to store amount of substance already present, them as specific entities. These ques­ or potentially present within certain tions, when answered, may offer a solu­ cells at the time of antigen interfer­ tion to all of the varied immunological ence rather than it being an entirely disturbances that can occur within the newly manufactured entity.1 The clonal many biological systems. theory proposes also that preplasma cells are endowed with the innate ability to manufacture nrotein antibod­ ies that are capable of reacting with BIBLIOGRAPHY a variety of antie-enic substances and 1. Miller, J.F.A.P., "The Thymus and Devel­ that there is a high mutation rate a­ opment of Immunologic Responsiveness", 1 Science, June 26, 1964, Vol. 144, No. 3626, mong these preplasma cells. This mu­ P. 1544. tation rate assures the variety of glo­ 2. Silverstein, Arthur M., "Ontogeny of the bulins that can be manufactured, and Immune Response", Science, June 19, 1964, accounts for the high number of anti­ Vol. 144, No. 3625, P. 1423. gens with which the antibody globulins 3. Raff el, Sidney, Immunity, Second Edition, will fit.3 1961, Appelton-Century, Crofts Inc., Li­ brary of Congress Card Number: 61-9341. Whatever the process of antibody 4. Boyd, William C, Fundamentals of Immu­ production actually is, it appears cer­ nology, Third Edition, 1956, Third Printing tain that antibodies are not refashioned 1960, Library of Congress Card Number: 56-10820, Interscience Publishers Inc., 250 from already existing globulins, but Fifth Ave., New York, 1, New York. are instead freshly manufactured from 5. Speirs, Robert S., How Cells Attack Anti­ amino acids. The truth to this state­ gens, Scientific American, February, 1964. 6 The SPECULUM Here Today - Gone Tomorrow BY BRUCE BRIGGS, VET. MED. IV

O.S.U. Veterinary Clinic in 1910 When Built Soon the ivy covered brick walls of central portion contains a large clinic the Veterinary Clinic will come crumb­ hall 50x60 feet, lighted by a skylight, ling to the ground and the present Neil drug and instrument rooms, public and Avenue structure will become only a private offices, surgical museum, rooms memory. Gone will be the long eight for the house surgeon and student as­ o'clock lectures in the stuffy amphi­ sistants, and a large surgical amphithe­ theatre with its steep steps and poor atre equipped with every modern faci­ acoustics. Stilled will be the noise and lity of practical value. In the basement early morning confusion in the rotunda is a special clinic hall for the free dis­ as the many clients and patients arrive pensary. in the clinic. The ramp in front of the The south wing is the section for clinic which has directed hundreds of small animals, and is practically a sepa­ thousands of animals into the rotunda rate building with no communicating will be no more. doors between it and the central part. In June, the clinic will begin to be The wing contains the offices, reception torn down so an engineering complex room for clients, and a general ward for can be built at the site of the present non-infectious diseases, special wards clinic and cattle barns. The new tempor­ for infectious diseases, skin diseases, ary clinic is being built on Kenny Road and rabies, a spacious operating room, north of Lane Avenue, and it will house kitchen, bathroom, darkroom, drug and the clinic until a permanent structure instrument rooms, museum, and an am­ is completed near the other veterinary phitheatre seating 100. facilities on Coffey Road. The north wing is the pathological The present Veterinary Clinic was section; this, like the one for small ani­ built in 1910 for a total cost of $130,000, mals, is separate from the central part and for its time it was the most modern of the building. It contains a darkroom, clinic in the country. To quote from the classroom and microscopical laboratory, University records of that time: "The museum, rooms for experimental ani- WINTER, 1965 Ambulatory In 1910 mals, and a large mortuary where ne- nary Clinic, even though outdated and cropsies are held upon the patients dy- with its many shortcomings has served ing in the various clinics." its purpose well over the past 55 years. Although the exterior of the building It has housed hundreds of thousands remains much the same as it was in of animals as they have been treated 1910, numerous changes have been and cured — but far more important made to modernize the interior and than this, it has served as the develop- many new pieces of equipment have ing ground for nearly three thousand been added to meet the changes in the veterinary graduates who have gained educational program. the practical clinical experience requir- The Ohio State University Veteri- ed to practice veterinary medicine.

Since 1939 a name veterinarians have depended on for biologicals of proved efficacy

8 The SPECULUM . "Doctor, please use the very best!55 How much is a dog worth to a ten-year-old boy? His dog is worth the best vaccine you can use. With 'Enduracell,' the many unique advantages of the stable cell line are put to work to help you provide trouble-free protection. The stable cell line medium makes each dose, each serial of 'Enduracell' genetically related to all other doses and serials. The result is exceptional uniformity and reliability that won't let you down when the "very best" is the very least you and your client will accept. Enduracell Norden Laboratories, Inc. canine distemper/hepatitis vaccine Lincoln, Nebraska Subsidiary o( Smilh Klme & French Laboratories modified live virus, canine tissue culture origin WINTER, 1965 9 FACULTY NEWS

BY BARBARA STEIN, VET. MED. Ill & JOAN HURLEY, VET. MED. I by data processing machine. R. L. Farrell and C. R. Cole. f-^atkolo Ultrastructure and tinctorial prop­ n erty of Rickettsia rickettsii in mam­ Dr. Clarence Cole received a certifi­ malian tissue. G. L. Wolf, C. R. Cole, S. cate from Ohio University College of Saslaw and H. Carlisle. Business Administration (Athens) in Isolation of an adenovirus from the recognition of satisfactory completion brain of a pig with encephalitis. Louis of the intensive courses of instruction Kasza. in administration and management. Dr. Experimental distemper in the gno­ Cole spent his vacation last year partic­ tobiotic dog. John P. Gibson, Richard ipating in the two-week series of cours­ A. Griesemer, and Adalbert Koestner. es with 58 men in administration from Experimental histoplasmosis in gno­ industry and universities. Forty­ tobiotic dogs. John E. Del Favero and three faculty members conducted lec­ Robert L. Farrell. tures, workshops and laboratories con­ A dietary calcium and phosphorus cerning the fundamentals of adminis­ imbalance in the pig. R. W. Storts and tration, creativity, statistics in experi­ A. Koestner. mental design, new developments ^ in The American Legion Post 310 held computers, man as a system, decision its January meeting in the Veterinary making, communication, performance Pathology Building where Dr. Cole pre­ appraisal, conference leadership, per­ sented a lecture entitled, "The Role of sonnel counseling, democratic leader­ Veterinarians in Today's Society". ship, managing groups of people, in­ The Columbus Academy of Veterin­ terviewing techniques, management ary Medicine held its November meet­ functions and responsibilities, and or­ ing in the veterinary pathology building ganization theory. where members of the faculty demon­ Dr. Sanford Bishop, a research fellow strated their current laboratory studies in cardiovascular pathology, participat­ and Dr. Cole summarized new methods ed in the program of the American and techniques employed in the teach­ Heart Association. ing of pathology and discussed "Practi­ Dr. Cole has been reappointed to cal Ways to Elevate the Public Image serve on the Institutional Grant Com­ of Veterinarians". mittee of the American Cancer Society. Dr. Koestner served as moderator at This scientific panel is responsible for the annual seminar of the American evaluating applications for grants to College of Veterinary Pathologists held support research in all fields of neopla­ at the University of Chicago. He serv­ sia. The National Institute of Health ed as Chairman of the Committee on has reappointed Dr. Cole to serve on Education which organized the pro­ the Training Grant Committee of the gram on diseases of the nervous sys­ Institute of General Medical Sciences. tem. Dr. Griesemer presented "Polioen­ The study section evaluates applications cephalomyelitis in Swine". for grants from colleges of medicine Dr. Pakes and Dr. Griesemer publish­ and colleges of veterinary medicine. ed the results of their research, "Cur­ Several members of the faculty pre­ rent Status of Chromosome Analysis in sented the following papers before the Veterinary Medicine", in the January Conference of Research Workers and 15 issue of Journal AVMA. Animal Diseases of North America at Dr. Louis Kasza's research entitled, the 45th annual meeting in Chicago: "Polioencephalomyelitis Viruses Isolat­ Chromosome analysis of two canine ed from the Brains and Intestines of tumor cell lines. Steven P. Pakes, Pigs", appeared in the January 1965 Richard A. Griesemer and Louis Kasza. issue of the American Journal of Veter­ The tabulation of pathological data inary Research.

10 The SPECULUM ly been serving as Chairman of the Sub-committee on Environmental / araditoio Health. Dr. F. R. Koutz was re-elected Secre­ Dr. Rex Buller will attend the Na­ tary of the City of Grandview Heights tional Mastitis Council Meeting in Chi­ Board of Health. cago in February. Dr. Philip Linerode, working in con­ A paper, "Prenatal Toxocara canis junction with Dr. Hilton Smith of Texas Infection in Pups", was published in A. and M., recently completed a project the Journal of the American Veterin­ on the incidence of bovine lymphamato­ ary Medical Association, January 1, sis in the Dayton state herd. 1965, by M. W. Scothorn, F. R. Koutz and H. F. Groves.

p.reven live Wed,icine and J^harmacoloau Dr. Roger Yeary has just joined the department of Veterinary Preventive Drs. Crocker, Smith and Hamlin at­ Medicine and the co-operative extension tended a Symposium on Dynamic Func­ service as extension veterinarian in tion Studies with Radioisotopes spon­ Ohio. His primary responsibility in sored by the Harvard Medical School the extension program will be in the Department of Radiology, January 28­ area of pesticide drugs and other chem­ 30, 1965. icals in agriculture with special em­ Dr. Redding participated in the pro­ phasis in livestock production. He was gram of the annual conference spon­ formerly head of toxicology at the sored by the College of Veterinary Med­ Lakeside Laboratory Division of Col- icine, Michigan State College, January gate Palmolive Co., Milwaukee, Wiscon­ 19-22, 1965. sin. Dr. Yeary graduated from Ohio Dr. Hamlin presented two papers State University College of Veterinary on heart disease in animals at the Medicine in 1956. Kansas State Veterinary Medical As­ sociation meeting, February 1-3, 1965. At a recent state meeting, Dr. John H. Helwig assumed the office of Pres­ Dr. Smith gave a seminar at the ident-elect of the Ohio Veterinary Med­ Animal Medical Center in New York, ical Association. December 8, 1965. Dr. David 0. Jones was elected to the Dr. Smith attended the annual meet­ board of directors of Pilot Dogs In­ ing of the American Association for corporated. In addition, he has recently the Advancement of Science in Mon­ been elected to the office of Vice-chair­ treal, December 27-31, 1964. man of the University Health Educa­ Dr. and Mrs. Hamlin have moved tion Committee where he had previous- into a new home located at 1520 Gren-

For the Veterinarian

Antibiotics Pharmaceuticals Biologies Instruments DETROIT VETERINARY SUPPLY CO. Detroit 32, Michigan

WINTER, 1965 11 oble Road, Columbus 21, Ohio, in Janu­ profession and the study of veterinary ary, 1965. medicine as a whole before making Dr. Hamlin presented a series of lec­ their applications to the College. tures on the fundamentals of electro­ Dr. Rainier spoke to the Mansfield cardiography to the residents in the District Veterinary Medical Association Department of Medicine, Ohio State on "Malignant Lymphoma" on Oct. 21, University during January, 1965. 1964. This fall, Dr. Rainer worked with Miss Jacqueline Cornell and Mr. the Ohio State Extension Department David Zipf were married on January in preparing tapes on "Feeder Cattle 26, 1965. Mrs. Zipf is a technician in Diseases," "Handling New Arrivals," the Department of Physiology and and "Swine Influenza" to be used for Pharmacology and Mr. Zipf is a senior extension programs to farmers. The in the College of Veterinary Medicine. Dublin Rotary Club heard Dr. Rainier Our very best wishes to two fine speak on "Zoonoses" on December 3. people. The end of January was a busy time Dr. Smith participated in a program for large animal medicine's newest sponsored by Region II, AAHA and staff member as he spoke to the West Southern Veterinary Medicine Associa­ Virginia Veterinary Medical Associa­ tion, October 25 and 26, 1964, held in tion on "Laboratory Procedures for the Ashville, North Carolina. General Practitioner" and "Evaluation Dr. Neil Moore, Comparative Cardio­ of Preventive Medicine Programs." vascular Study Unit, University of Soon after this, Dr. Rainier discussed Pennsylvania, conducted an interdepart­ "Infertility of Cattle" with the Minne­ mental seminar on atrio-ventricular con­ sota Veterinary Medical Association duction on December 18, 1964 in Sisson and "Swine Diseases" with the Farm Hall. Bureau Feed Dealers Association. "Di­ Dr. Smith participated in several seases of Feed-Lot Cattle" was the seminars on the teaching and research topic of interest presented before the in animal physiology sponsored by the Greenfield Feeders meeting on Feb. 12. Department of Dairy Science during At the Cincinnati meeting of the Ohio the winter quarter. Veterinary Medical Association, Dr. Rainier was elected treasurer of the Association. He also moderated a panel i on beef cattle discussion at the State a meeting. The Ohio State Racing Commission WeJccne has designated the Veterinary Clinic as Dr. Murdick spoke at the Western the official laboratory for pre-race sa­ New York Veterinary Society meeting liva and urine testing for the identifi­ in Buffalo, New York, on November 19, cation of Pharmaceuticals which may 1964. His talk concerned "Endoimmun­ have been illegally administered to race ological Aspects of Infertility in Dairy horses. Dr. Philip Murdick and Dr. Cattle/' Richard Ray spent the week of Feb­ Dr. Wearly attended the American ruary 21 to February 27, 1965 with Association of Equine Practitioners Dr. John Herculson, Chief Chemist with meeting in Denver, Colorado, from De­ the Maryland State Racing Commis­ cember 7-9, 1964. He also attended the sion, reviewing procedures used in the Ohio Veterinary Medical Association's Maryland Laboratories. meetings in Cincinnati on Jan. 31, Concurrently with the pre-race ap­ Feb. 1, 2. On February 14, Dr. Wearly pointment, the racing industry has spoke to the Rocky Fork Hunt Club on pledged $100,000. for a program of "The Effects of Parasitism on Horses equine research in which we will at­ and Your Parasite Control Program". tempt to develop a feasible pre-race Dr. Wearly is faculty adviser to the test. It is hoped that in addition to pre- Pre-Veterinary Medical Club which race testing, we will be able to have meets the second Wednesday of every some auxiliary studies in progress on month. The programs of this organiza­ the redefinition of action of various tion are designed to help the pre-veter­ drugs and biologies commonly admin­ inary students know more about the istered to horses. It is our hope that

12 The SPECULUM this grant is only the initial start of a inary Medical Association Convention broad program of clinical research on held in Cincinnati, Ohio January 31 the equine. A committee of some of and February 1 and 2. the most, prominent men in the racing Dr. William Roenigk was voted pres- industry has been appointed to advise ident-elect at the December meeting of us concerning securing funds for Educators in Veterinary Radiologic equine research and for suggestions Science, held in Chicago. In January, and advice on some of the current prob- Dr. Roenigk spoke on "Treatment of lems of the industry. Cancer in Small Animals" at the Chi­ cago Veterinary Medical Association meeting. He also presented a speech en­ titled "Upgrading Your Radiographic Equipment" before the Summit County Veterinary Medical Association on Feb­ ma // A- / II Sfmmal ruary 23. In conjunction with the Wedi American Animal Hospital Association, eine Dr. Roenigk participated in two sem­ inars concerned with "Gastro-enteric Dr. Whiteus was a participant in a Contrast Radiography" held March short course dealing with "Veterinary 15-19. Dr. Roenigk spoke to the Colum- Economics" given by the Cincinnati ' bus Society of Radiologic Technologists Veterinary Medical Association on Feb- on "Veterinary Radiology" on March ruary 16, 1965. 10. Dr. Paul Pennock spoke to the Dayton, Ohio Kennel Club on "Hip Dysplasia."

Dr. Aron Horowitz will receive the degree Doctor of Philosophy at the March convocation. Dr. C. D. Diesem has contributed a IIIiicrobiolo chapter of a recent book The Rabbit In Eye Research, by Jack H. Prince, Howard Wharton has joined Howard Assoc. Prof, of Research in Vision, at Shapiro and David Stillwill in assist- the Ohio State University and publish- ing in the Veterinary microbiology ed by Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, courses this quarter. Illinois. Dana Dilley, Masters candidate in microbiology will return to regular duty with the Air Force at the end of the winter quarter. His masters thesis problem concerned autoimmunization of Malaria infected rats. uraeru a a Dr. Julius Kreier of the microbiology Dr. Albert A. Gabel was Chairman department has received a joint ap­ of the Large Animal Section of the pointment in the department of veter- Program Committee of the Ohio Veter- inary preventive medicine.

WINTER, 1965 13 uncertain or absolute knowledge as unobtainable by the human mind. I have qualified skepticism with the ad­ jective 'proper' to dilute this meaning somewhat. Faith, by one of its mean­ ings, is firm belief in something for which there is no proof. What, then, do we mean by proper skepticism in our profession. It is that one should evaluate the written and spoken word and one's accumulated experiences. Mental statistics gathered over the years are usually very in­ accurate. Proper skepticism should not mean that you give two antibiotics to OMEGA TAU SIGMA NEWS every dog with fever, nor that you immediately give a vomiting dog a pre­ BY RICHARD H. BOHNING, JR., VET. MED. Ill paration containing one or more de­ mulcents, gastric sedatives and car­ Dr. Gerry B. Schnelle, V.M.D., whose minatives, or even two such prepara­ original speech is reprinted below with tions, i.e. both barrels of the shotgun. his permission, was recipient of the Na­ Should you not first know why it is tional Gamma Award, presented each vomiting? Or why it has fever? winter quarter at our Awards & Initia­ tion Banquet, which this year was held Proper faith means that you do on January 17, following Help Week. have faith in the body to heal itself. We were honored to have Dr. Schnelle, Remember that it has taken more than Chief of Staff of Angell Memorial Ani­ a million years to create the dog or mal Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, cat, or horse or cow of today. During take the time from his busy schedule this million years the body, even the to attend the banquet. individual cells, have "learned" to over­ come trauma, internal and external, Dr. Richard Rainier did a fine job as and infection, for in the first 999,000 Master of Ceremonies. Recipients of years only the fittest survived. The Senior Awards were Dennis Lehman, living body of man or other animal George Reed, and Marvin 0. Jones for is quite a wonderful thing. Really outstanding service to Omega Tau (embryo veterinarians may not believe Sigma. The 31 initiates were then pre­ this) but many of our patients did sented their initiation certificates. survive prior to sulfas and antibiotics, The quarter was rounded out by and even prior to asepsis in surgery. several parties, some combined with Having proper faith is understanding Alpha Psi, to give a fine social pro­ these essential truths. gram for all members. My message is, be a proper skeptic At this printing, several Omega Tau of the tools of your profession. Don't Sigma athletic teams have been enter­ overtreat your patients, and choose ed in championship play—best of luck, your course of therapy with careful men. considered judgment with proper After winter quarter's cold blasts, we skepticism of drugs and proper faith eagerly await the arrival of spring in healing propensity of the body. quarter and the warm, sunny days a­ When you listen to or read of a "cure" head. The seniors, we hope, anxiously that a colleague has perfected, evaluate prepare for State Board Exams. it with proper skepticism, and when you yourselves think that you may have developed a system, or a cure, PROPER SKEPTICISM AND examine your results honestly, critical­ PROPER FAITH ly, and with skepticism, before you ac­ cept it as truth." "A skeptic, strictly speaking, is one who regards all human knowledge as Dr. G. B. Schnelle

14 The SPECULUM Brucella Abortus Strain 19 Infections In Humans BY HERM WOLFE, VET. MED. IV Introduction lyophilized Strain 19 vaccine are cap- Serological surveys on 452 veterin- able of liberating an endotoxin which ary students and 409 veterinary (14) is equally as lethal as endotoxin liber­ practitioners in Ohio recently complet- ated by the more invasive strains of ed have shown that the percentage of Brucella. This endotoxin which partici­ titers for Brucellosis increased from pates in the pathogensis of the illness, 5.75 per cent in 1955 to 9.5 per cent in makes the organism capable of intra­ 1961. Increased incidence of accidents cytoplasmic parasitization after invasion with Strain 19 vaccine is thought to of the tissues. The above observations be a significant factor in this upward suggest that if given the proper host, trend. Although it is believed that illness may be produced as a result many such accidents are not followed of liberation of this endotoxin. by clinical illness, the possibility of of increasing importance, with the severe allergic reactions and the de- increased number of titers in human is velopment of acute Brucellosis makes the marked state of hypersensitivity it necessary that every veterinarian be to the Brucella antigen produced by aware of this hazard. This report will persons previously exposed to Brucello­ attempt to emphasize the importance s j s . introduction of Strain 19 vaccine of proper, careful handling of Strain 19 i n t 0 these persons may result in both vaccine and prompt treatment in the i0Cal and systemic reactions. The usual event of accidents with the vaccine, allergic type response results in mas- Causes and Sites of Injection s i ve local swelling at the site of injec- Generally, cases reported are asso- tion with subsequent interference of ciated with improper or inadequate re- blood supply followed by necrosis of straint of animals being vaccinated; tissues. Case reports indicate that this however, many are due to carelessness swelling usually occurs within a matter in mixing the lyophilized vaccine with of 3 - 8 hours after injection. In cases the diluent, handling of springes, and not interfering with blood supply, ex- the use of plugged needles which cause treme discomfort and temporary dis- back pressure with subsequent spray- ability results, ing of vaccine into the face and eyes of the operator. One report presents a Symptoms and Cases case due to accidental ingestion of In view of the fact that the reaction vaccine. may be manifest by a marked hyper- The usual site of injection is in the sensitivity to the Brucella antigen or hands and fingers but some instances development of acute Brucellosis, the have reported penetration of the foot, incubation period following entrance of leg, thigh, and other parts of the body, the organism may range from a matter One very serious case on record gives of hours to 8 days to 5 weeks. The the ankle as the site of injection. The hypersensitive reaction usually mam­ most important locations are those fests itself in from 3 to 8 hours and which, after severe local reaction, inter- results in severe swelling, pain, and fere with blood supply to portions dis- tenderness at the site of injury. This tal to the site. condition, as explained previously, may Pathogenesis le&d to a loss of tissue due to interrupt- Although no evidence has been pre- ed blood supply. The following stage of sented to show that Brucellosis has the condition is usually chills, fewer, actually been contracted from cattle and sweating which at this point is in- vaccinated with Strain 19 vaccine, distinguishable from other diseases. Brucella abortus Strain 19 organisms This stage usually leads into acute have been isolated from patients dem- Brucellosis involving prolonged illness onstrating severe bacteremia after ac- and possibly death, cidental injection. The organisms of the The development of acute Brucellosis

WINTER, 1965 15 after injury usually requires from 5 major therapeutic recommendation to 21 days and occasionally 6 to 9 which is rest. Many times rest is asso­ months. First signs may be abrupt ciated with decline in temperature and onset of fever, chills, and sweating with recovery. The allergic reactions dis­ temperature rise. An almost constant cussed previously are best treated with sign is weakness during even the slight­ corticosteroids which may be used in­ est physical exertion. Profuse nocturnal travenously should the situation war­ sweating is a constant sign as well as rant. The severity of the allergic re­ generalized aches and pains. Abdominal sponse emphasizes the recommenda­ pains and gastrointestinal upset are tion made recently by McCullough prominent. Arthralgia may occur with 1!)f that veterinarians working periarticular swelling but the joints with Strain 19 vaccine, who do not do not become hot and reddened. Al­ know their allergy status, have a skin though the above signs may be varied, test and seroagglutination test done. as the illness extends beyond the first This would aid the physician in mak­ few days, the manifestations become ing an accurate diagnosis and giving established in a fairly characteristic proper treatment. When corticosteroids pattern. The usual course of fever, are administered, tetracyclines should rather than undulating, is that of an be given simultaneously to inhibit intermittent fever with variations from growth of Brucella in generalized infec­ 98° to 100°-104\ Severe sweating, in­ tion and at the injury site. somnia, anorexia, intermittent tachy­ The generally accepted treatment for cardia, nervousness, and visual dis­ acute Brucellosis is tetracycline admin­ turbances are all common during the istered at the rate of 2 gm/day for 21 first week of the illness. If the active days. In very severe illness, the com­ disease persists for longer periods, bination of tetracycline and dihydro­ most persons show a marked disturb­ streptomycin has been found more ef­ ance of equilibrium as well as numerous fective. Response to such treatment CNS signs. The illness may very well thus far has been rapid and complete. be allowed to progress into this stage One must not overlook the risk of after injury because in many instances, tetanus in accidents such as these. A the disease begins insidiously and it tetanus toxoid booster is of utmost im­ is weeks before medical advice is portance and should follow any ex­ sought. posure of this nature. Complications Prophylactic use of antibiotics in While considering the various conse­ the event of an accident is left to the quences of accidental introduction of discretion of the physician who must this vaccine into the human body, one consider the type of wound, titer of must not forget that the needle being the patient, and whether or not the used probably became contaminated vaccine was actually injected. through contact with the skin, soil, Prognosis dust, feces, and clothing. Organisms Judging from a summary of cases other than Brucella, particularly CIo­ reported to date, the prognosis must be stridium tetani, may also be introduced listed as good. The prescribed treat­ into the body. Streptococcal infection ment has been very effective and re­ must also be considered as is may alter lapses are unknown to this point. the clinical course and recovery of such Prompt treatment cannot be over­ a disease. Various other complications emphasized since the severe reactions known to be produced by Brucella in­ are largely preventable. fections are CNS disturbances, destruc­ Summary tive bone lesions and spondylitis, sup­ Brucella abortus Strain 19 vaccine perative arthritis, vegetative bacterial is pathogenic to man. Although it was endocarditis, pulmonary infiltration and common belief that these cases were serious hepatitis. likely due to a virulent field strain of virus developing at or about the same Treatment time as the accident, it is now known The outstanding symptom of acute that in some cases, organisms similar Brucellosis, being fatigue and weak­ to those of Strain 19 may be isolated ness, makes it easy to understand the from the blood of patients.

16 The SPECULUM Symptoms of infection may take one of two forms. If the subject has been DR. ADAMS VISITS CAMPUS previously exposed to Brucella organ­ isms and has agglutinins against such organisms, we may expect to see a severe local and systemic hypersensi­ tive reaction developing in a matter of hours. This, in general, is manifest by massive local swelling and pain. If no previous exposure is cited, we may ex­ pect to see signs of acute Brucellosis developing in 3 days to 5 weeks. The first clue here is general body weak­ ness, fever, and chilling. Treatment with tetracyclines and corticosteroids has proven very success­ ful in reported cases. The severity of reactions can be markedly diminished by prompt treatment. The above statistics on incidence, re­ gardless of how small they may seem, indicate that anyone handling Strain 19 vaccine, or any live vaccine for this matter, cannot be TOO careful. Dr. O. R. Adams, Head of the De­ partment of Medicine and Surgery at REFERENCES Colorado State University and author ( 1) Bardenwerper, H. W., J.A.M.A., 1954, of Lameness In Horses visited the 155:970. veterinary facilities at O.S.U. and spoke ( 2) Boycott, J. A.: Lancet, 2 May 1964, 1:972-3. at a special AVMA meeting February ( 3) Cecil and Loeb: Textbook of Medicine, 1. Dr. Adams presented a movie demon­ Tenth Edition, pp 226. strating his new method of castrating ( 4) Cotton, W. E.. Buck, J. M., and Smith, cryptorchids which appeared recently H. E.: J.A.V.M.A., 1934, 85:232. in the Journal of AVMA. A movie con­ ( 5) Downing:, C. W.: Vet. Med., March, cerning nutritional lamenesses and their 1961, 46:177-118. causes was also shown. { 6) Gilman, H. L.: Cornell Vet., 1944, 34:193. Dr. Adams stated "that it is very ( 7) Graves, R. R.: J.A.V.M.A., 1943, 102:­ essential while in school to learn what 193. normals look like. Then use your eyes, ( 8) Harris, H. J.: J.A.V.M.A., Feb. 1, 1956, hands, and power of observation. Learn 128:124-126. to examine a horse thoroughly and don't ( 9) McCullough, N. B.: J.A.V.M.A., Sept. attempt to arrive at a diagnosis too 15, 1963, 143:617-8. rapidly." (10) McEwen, A. P.: The Vet. Rec, 1940, 52:97. "We as veterinarians must have high (11) Palmer, J. S.: N. Amer. Vet, Dec, ideals," Dr. Adams asserted. "We must 1954, 35:912-916. stop running other veterinarians down (12) Parker, R. A.: Iowa Vet., Winter 1950, if you see the case six months after the 12:24-25. diagnosis was made when the condition (13) Revich, M. D., Walker, A. W., and Piv­ is obvious. Give the other fellow a nick: Can. J. Pub. Hlth., 1961, 52:285. chance — he can make mistakes. If you (14) Schnurrenberger, P. R.: J.A.V.M.A., 15 want to upgrade the profession, begin Feb. 1964, 144.381-4 and 384-6. to be independent and begin doing what (15) Spink, W. W.: J.A.M.A., Nov. 28, 1953, is right and don't worry about what the 153:1162-1165. other veterinarians in the community (16) Spink, W. W., and Meyer: Amer. J. Med. Sci., Feb., 1964, 247:129-36. are doing." WINTER, 1965 17 About the only way we could improve Tissuvax would be to package it differently

So we did

1 \itij 7^

• '

All three Tissuvax vaccines now come to you with the levels of protection against distemper ever reported. Sta­ diluent in the cylinder of an ultra-convenient, disposable bility, because even under storage at 100° F. for 35 days (the syringe. You don't have to sterilize syringe or needle, you equivalent of 2*4 years of normal storage) it remained fully don't have to withdraw diluent from a separate vial, and potent. you're sure of a sharp new needle for every injection. Now Tissuvax vaccines are the most convenient, too. Tissuvax is America's most used distemper vaccine be­ You'll find use in your practice for all three forms: cause of its safety, potency, and stability. Safety, because TISSUVAX* (Canine Distemper Vaccine, Chick Tissue Culture Origin) it contains a non-virulent, non-transmissible modified live TISSUVAX D-H* (Canine Distemper Vaccine, Chick Tissue Culture Origin, Hepatitis Vaccine, Porcine Tissue Culture Origin, Modified Live Virus, viris . , . because it cannot transmit "passenger viruses" Vacuum Dried) p-i1hogenic to dogs . . . because it is virtually free from TISSUVAX-4* (Canine Distemper Vaccine, Chick Tissue Culture Origin, Hepatitis Vaccine, Porcine Tissue Culture Origin, Modified Live Virus, foreign protein. Potency, because it produces the highest Vacuum Dried, Leptospira Bacteria) •Trademark PITMAN-MOORE Division of The Dow Chemical Company, Indianapolis 6, Indiana

18 The SPECULUM The College of Veterinary Medicine of The Ohio State University

Presents

The Sixth Annual Pre-Veterinary Medical Day April 10, 1965

Sisson Hall 1900 Coffey Road Columbus 10, Ohio

Registration 8:30 A.M. Welcome 9:00 College Tours 10:30 Lunch 12:00 Dean's Address 1:00 P.M. Open House 2:00-4:00

We cordially invite all those interested in veterinary medicine to attend this program.

WINTER, 1965 19 Class of 1955 P i

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BY DENNIS LEHMAN, VET. MED. IV AND BRUCE LANDIS, VET. MED. Ill Each year The Speculum features those alumni with their former class- the graduating class of ten years ago mates. and at this time we present the class The class members were sent a ques­ of 1955 in an attempt to reacquaint tionnaire asking them the type of prac- 20 The SPECULUM tice, number of children, phases of mile radius, with a corresponding in­ veterinary medicine you have been in­ crease in small animal practice. He also volved with since graduation, type of is happy to report better working business, and the greatest change in hours with a reduction from an 80 - 90 your practice since graduation. hour week to a 50 - 60 hour week. Dr, _ Of those who responded to the ques­ Fitch has two children. tionnaire all but seven were engaged Dr. Everett Fleming, RR #19, Box in practice: eight in mixed practice, 546, Indianapolis 50, Indiana, is en­ ten in small animal practice, and none gaged in a small animal practice, and in strictly large animal practice. Of the has four children. Two greatest chang­ seven non practitioners three were in es he has noticed is the increased ac­ teaching and research, one in regula­ ceptance of the veterinarian as a profes­ tory work for in the Federal Govern­ sional servant. The clients are willing ment, two in the armed forces, and one to pay for professional and thorough man who is associated with the Journal medical service. of the AVMA. Sixteen were self em­ Dr. Arthur Freeman, 9 Arthur Ave­ ployed, two were in partnership, and nue, Clarendon Hills, 111., is now the seven were salaried. assistant Editor of the AVMA journal. Dr. John Bee, McNeil Rd., Ojai, Dr. Freeman remarks that the biggest Calif., has a small animal and equine changes he has noticed in his work are practice and has observed the rise of the growing diversifications of veter­ more "do it yourself" clients. Dr. Bee inary medicine, which reflects largely has 2 boys. the growing interest in non-practice Dr. Harry W. Brown, Box 155, Tryon, aspects of the profession; and the in­ North Carolina, is engaged in a small creasing respect and recognition the animal and equine practice. He has veterinary profession is being accorded encountered a great growth in horse bv both the scientific world and the nopulation and fewer one cow families general public. in his area. Dr. Brown has two girls. Dr. Donald B. Gisler, 7780 Taylors­ Dr. Marvin J. Cain, Compton & ville Rd., Dayton 24, Ohio, is engaged Pippin Rds.. Cincinnati 39, Ohio, en­ in laboratory animal medicine with the joys a small animal practice and re­ USAF. Dr. Gisler has the distinction of ports that clients expect the best veter­ having raised and tended the USAF inary medicine has to offer and are Space monkeys, Sam and Miss Sam, for willing to pay for it. He has one child. the 1959-60 rocket shots. He has a boy Dr. Robert K. Dunton, Post Veter­ and a girl. inarian. Ft. Devens, Mass., has noticed Dr. Earl A. Grimm, 1360 Oakland a continued decline of large animal Park Ave., Columbus, Ohio, enjoys a veterinarians with a corresponding small animal practice. He has two sons. rapid increase in small animal med­ Dr. Grimm reports a trend toward in­ icine. He has one son 4 yrs. old. creased client awareness of preventive Dr. David M. Drenan, 625 Fairwood medicine's advantages for better health Dr., Tallmadge, Ohio, after 2 years in of pets. the USAF, is now engaged in a small Dr. Jack Haggard, 950 N. Dixie High­ animal practice. Dr. Drenan has ob­ way, Boca Raton, Florida, is in a small served that the public is demanding animal practice and has two children. more and better veterinary service for Dr. Gerald E. Hamilton, RR#5 Hwy. their animals. He has two boys and two 256, Madison, Indiana, has a mixed girls. practice that includes some zoo animals. Dr. 0. W. Fallang, 6941 Far Hills The elimination of small dairy herds, Ave.. Dayton 59, Ohio, has a general more business men buying farms, and practice, primarily small. Dr. Fallang increased small animal business have has four children. been the greatest changes in his prac­ Dr. Kenneth D. Fitch, 6901 W. 38th tice since graduation. Dr. Hamilton has Ave., Wheatridge, Colorado, is in a one child. small animal and equine practice. Dr. Dr. D. C. Haines of 1022 Legion Park Fitch sees an increase in suburbaniza­ Road, Greensburg, Kentucky is in a tion of his area causing an almost total general practice with George Frank also absence of large animals within a ten a 1955 graduate. Much of the routine

WINTER, 1965 21 large animal work is being done at the Road, Avon Lake, Ohio. hospital in their practice now. Dr. John R. Vorhies of 4015 Cleveland Dr. Newell G. Hicks of Midway, Ken­ Ave. S.W., Canton, Ohio has returned tucky is in a general practice with em­ to Ohio and a small animal practice. He phasis on beef cattle and thoroughbred previously did regulatory work in Ohio, horses. He is in a partnership practice mixed practice in Indiana, and commer­ and considers this type of practice to cial drug work in Iowa. be the best arrangement for peace of Dr. John F. Long is engaged in re­ mind. search in veterinary pathology in the Dr. E. Stewart Hughes of 2139 East Department of Veterinary Pathology at Artesia Boulevard, Long Beach, Cali­ O.S.U. He was previously involved with fornia is in practice dealing entirely the Diagnostic Laboratory. with small animals. Dr. John Ernest Norberg of 4872 Dr. Theodore P. Kistner of 290 For­ Olinda St., Yorbalinda, California has a est Road, Athens, Georgia is now an small animal and equine practice in Instructor in Medicine and Surgery at California. the University of Georgia. Dr. Wynn F. Easterly is engaged in Dr. Fred G. Leininger of 6272 Glen- a general practice in Livingston, Ten­ way, Cincinnati, Ohio has his own small nessee and he lists a greater depend­ animal practice and is a consultant to ence on professional service as the a research laboratory. greatest change in his practice. Dr. Edward L. Menning of 105 High- Dr. R. Richard Rainier has left his lake, Ann Arbor, Michigan is in the U. general practice of 9 yrs. and is now S. Air Force working in public health. teaching large animal medicine at At the present time he is completing O.S.U. The increase of small animal his Masters in Public Health at the Uni­ practice and the approach to methods versity of Michigan. In June he is as­ of disease control with emphasis on pre­ signed to teach at the Medical Service vention have been the greatest changes School at Gunter AFB, Alabama. in his practice. Dr. William R. Miller resides at 3033 Sullivant Ave., Columbus, Ohio and is engaged in a small animal practice. Dr. Harvey Pinkston lives at 806 E. Water St., Princeton, Indiana. He is "Geared To The Tempo practicing by himself in a general prac­ tice. Dr. Richard S. Ray lives at 924 Fac­ Of The Profession' ulty Drive, Columbus, Ohio. He is still at his alma mater teaching and doing research as an Asst. Professor of Vet­ SOUTH CENTRAL OHIO erinary Physiology and Pharmacology. R. S. "RUSS" McSHANE Dr. Joseph E. Rinehart of P.O. Box Phone ULrich 2-1624 155, Waldo, Ohio is now doing regula­ London, Ohio tory work for the federal government. Dr. Joseph W. Skaggs is now in Bo­ bor, Indonesia as an Associate Profes­ sor of Veterinary Public Health at the NORTH - EASTERN OHIO College of Veterinary Medicine,, Insti­ J. H. "JIM" SHARPS tute of Agricultural Sciences. In Sep­ Phone 928-6548 tember he will return to the Kentucky Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio State Health Dept. and his address will be 275 E. Bain St., Frankfort, Kentuc­ ky. AMCO DRUG PRODUCTS CO., INC. Dr. John H. Simpson left the Dept. Box 207, North Olmsted, Ohio of Surgery and Radiology at the College Elyria Phn No. Olmsted Phn of Veterinary Medicine of Ohio State to EN 5-3676 SP 7-3320 enter small animal practice in 1957. At present he has his own small animal practice there and lives at 124 Miller

22 The SPECULUM FELINE PNEUMONITIS

BY BARBARA STEIN, VET. MED. Ill

Feline pneumonitis may be defined was undergoing a developmental cycle, as a high infectious, debilitating di­ now recognized as characteristic of this sease, characterized by sneezing and group of viral agents. The elementary coughing which is accompanied by a bodies of this feline disease are some­ serous to mucopurulent discharge from what smaller that those of psittacosis the eyes and nose. It is caused by an but otherwise they are quite similar. elementary body virus belonging to The virus averages 466 m in diameter. the psittacosis-lymphogranuloma vene­ Hamre described the elementary body reum group. as being composed of at least two com­ ponents. One is a central mass of high History density having a completely folded and The infectious agent was first isolat­ convoluted surface. The other compon­ ed in 1942 and reported in 1944 by Dr. ent, located on the periphery of the James A Baker of the Veterinary Virus elementary bodies, is less dense and Research Institute of Cornell Univer­ has the appearance of a containing sity ; hence, it is also known as Baker's 5 6 7 12 membrane. ' - virus. The virus was identified as be­ The virus is destroyed when heated longing to the psittacosis-lymphogranu­ at 50°C. for 30 minutes and at 60°C. for loma group of organisms by Thomas 10 minutes. In the dried state, the and Kolb and has been classified as 20 virus retains its activity for six months Miyagawanella felis. According to or longer. Infectivity of the virus re­ Burch, the infectious agent was trans­ mains unaltered as pH 6.5 to 7.5 and mitted to embryonated eggs, mice, and was rapidly destroyed outside this laboratory animals but could not be M 4 range. propagated in artificial media. This The elementary bodies of feline fact, and the fact that it could produce pneumonitis, when stained by routine elementary bodies indicated that the Gram stain, stain intensely with crys­ infectious agent was a virus. Another tal violet and retain the dye after at property of the psittacosis lymphogran­ least five seconds decolorization with uloma group which this agent possess­ 95 percent ethanol. Gram stained es is an endotoxin demonstrable in yolk smears of purified virus preparations sac suspensions from moribund em­ show the presence of large numbers bryos infected with the virus. The of elementary bodies and only a small toxins produced by this virus cause amount of amorphous, non-virus ma­ symptoms far out of proportion to the terial. entent of the lesions. In 1947, Hamre, Rake, and Rake propagated the virus Susceptible Animals for 50 serial passages in the allantoic Animals found to be susceptible to sac of the embryonated egg, and in the feline pneumonitis virus were mice, 1952, McKercher used the virus to embryonated eggs, guinea pigs, rabbits, demonstrate that kittens could be im­ 8 12 hamsters and monkeys. A report of munized against the disease. ' simultaneous primary atypical pneu­ monia in four members of a human Virology family with eleven affected cats sug­ Baker showed that the virus usually gests that the respiratory infections failed to pass Berkefeld N filters. He in the members of the family may have showed that lung tissue contained been caused by the same agent.3 bodies similar to those of psittacosis and that large numbers could be inocu­ Transmission lated and produced in the yolk sac The natural disease in cats is trans­ membrane of developing chick embryos. mitted by direct contact with infected Jn the lun^s of mice and hamsters, secretions and by droplet infection. dense structures or plaques were recog­ Pneumonitis is considered highly con­ nized which suggested that the agent tagious; the virus is found in nasal

WINTER, 1965 23 and ocular discharges as well as the kept cats approaches 100'/, mortality lung. After recovery from the natural seldom exceeds 5%. infection, the cat remains a carrier Sequelae to the disease include pyo­ of the virus and serves as a reservoir thorax and emphysema due to alveolar of infection for other susceptible ani­ rupture and subsequent infection of mals. The length of the carrier state the pleural cavity. Chronic conjunctiv­ is not known, but reports indicate such itis, tracheitis, sneezing and sinusitis a period may be 3 to 6 months. Ad­ are not uncommon.n> lfi verse conditions, such as surgery or Lesions hospitalization, may cause recurrence The lesions seen on necropsy are of symptoms, strongly suggesting that confined to the respiratory tract and natural immunity is not lasting. Second conjunctival membrane. Grey and prune attacks after natural immunity has colored areas indicate various degrees waned are usually milder and of short­ of consolidation of the anterior and oc­ er duration. Queens pass the virus on casionally the diaphragmatic lobes of to succeeding generations of newborn the lungs. The nasal turbinates and kittens.0­ n conjunctiva are swollen, reddened and covered with a purulent exudate. There Clinical Signs is often a thick, tenacious mucous exu­ The first evidence of infection is a date in the trachea accompanied by rise in temperature but this is usually edema of the mucosa. The anatomical slight and of such short duration that changes which accompany the clinical the disease might be considered afeb­ findings of conjunctivitis, rhinitis, tra­ rile. The first recognizable manifesta­ cheitis and bronchitis are in evidence. tion of illness develops 6 to 10 days Microscopic examination of the tis­ after exposure by contact or inocula­ sues reveals pneumonic areas with the tion. Signs are increased lacrimation, alveoli and bronchi filled with num­ followed after a day by conjunctivitis erous mononuclear and polymorphonu­ and mucopurulent discharge from the clear leucocyctes. Occasional areas of eyes and nose. A photophobia may be necrosis are found, but in general, the present. The nicitating membrane is epithelium of the air passages is intact. prominent. The larynx and trachea are Elementary bodies are found in t> e reddened and contain accumulations of cytoplasm of the monocytic cells/'- 1S a small amount of thick, cloudy mucous. Treatment The bronchial lymph nodes contain ac­ The pneumonitis virus, unlike a true tive pathogenic agents. Sneezing is virus but resembling rickettsiae, is sus­ frequent, especiallv after handling. Due ceptible to certain broad-spectrum anti­ to involvement of the lower respiratory biotics. Chloromycetin or tetracyclines, tract, coughing may often develop. As especially oxytetracycline and chlorte­ the disease progresses, secondary bac­ tracycline, given at a level of 25 mgm/ terial infection may cause a tempera­ # divided b.i.d., orally, or 5 mgm/# in­ ture rise to 105°. Anorexia accompanied tramuscularly will control secondary by weight loss occurs early in the di­ bacterial infection as well as the virus sease. Depression appears to be out of 10 13 15 proportion to the rest of the signs of disease entity. - - the disease. A moderate leucocytosis To combat the effects of anorexia, (15-20,OOO/mm3) is present; this is in especially in a prolonged course of the contrast to the leucopenia expected in disease or in a severely debilitated cat, most viral diseases.1' n - 1(! forced feeding should be initiated via the use of a nasal catheter used as a Most of these animals achieve a stomach tube which is massed after in­ clinical recovery in thirty days, and stilling a local anesthetic on the nasal some spontaneously recover without mucous membranes. Tnjectable water- treatment in two weeks. In younger soluble B vitamins may also aid in cats, not exceeding 2.5 pounds, the increasing the appetite. Fluid balance disease is considered more serious from is maintained by the subcutaneous ad­ the standpoint of prognosis, since the ministration of 5% dextrose and saline. mortality rate is higher and recovery Occasionally, whole blood is indicated, slower than that of older cats. Al­ especially when pneumonitis is secon­ though morbidity of young or closely dary to panleucopenia. Injections of

24 The SPECULUM 0.25 to 0.5cc prednisolone will combat rrhea, leucopenia to extremes of 5,000/ the inflammation associated with the mm:!, initial hyperthermia of 104-5° upper respiratory tract and possibly which is usually diphasic, and absence counteract other stress and stimulate of respiratory symptoms in uncompli­ appetite. cated cases are in evidence. Edema, in­ Nasal and ocular discharges should flamation, hemorrhagic exudation and be cleaned away frequently and en­ inclusion bodies in the upper small in­ crustations prevented. If ocular dis­ testine and dimunition of bone marrow charges accumulate, thus sealing the elements are also characteristic of pan­ eyelids, corneal damage may result; leucopenia.1 (! therefore, ophthalmic ointments with The greatest difficulty in differentia­ antibiotics are indicated. tion is between pneumonitis and the In cases of extreme respiratory dis­ complex of other respiratory infections. tress, steaming with a vaporizer or It has been proposed that this feline oxygen therapy should be provided. respiratory complex be compared to Although remission of the disease that of the human "cold" complex in may be seen in animals receiving which there is a multitude of viral only cage rest and adequate nutrition, etiologies. Differences in the severity antibiotic therapy should be the mini­ of the disease complex rather than dif­ mum treatment provided due to the ferences in actual signs has led to the strong probability of bacterial compli­ possible labeling of the mildest condi­ cations. tion as "coryza," which subsequently Among possible sequelae to pneu­ may lead to "pneumonitis/' then to monitis, chronic sinusitis may not in­ "rhinotracheitis" and lastly, to "chronic frequently be seen. Surgical treatment feline respiratory disease." While the by trephining will be effective if both differentiation of pneumonitis from upper third premolars are removed to rhinotracheitis may superficially be establish drainage. The area should based on the degree of leucocytosis, then be flushed with antibiotics and coughing, hyperthermia, salivation, de­ proteolytic enzymes for several days.1'1 pression, and anorexia (all of which Sick animals do well in a warm, are greater in rhinotracheitis), the ac­ sunny environment, free of drafts. Re­ tual distinction can not be made by covering animals in quarters with air the clinician. Dr. John Gorham, U.S. conditioners which use the same recir­ Fur Animal Station, Pullman, Washing­ culated air will not improve without ton, has been helpful in making actual complications due to the continuing diagnostic isolations. It is suggested reinfection by the air.0 that before a full scale vaccination In catteries or any environment in program for pneumonitis be initiated, which several cats are maintained, the the veterinarian determine which of disease may be controlled by the ad­ the viruses is actually responsible for the disease syndrome seen in his lo­ dition of 25-50 mgm/day/cat soluble 0 ] Aureomycin in the food. While this cality. - ° level will not be effective in eliminating Prophylaxis clinical signs, it does prevent recurr­ It appears that the best prophylaxis ence once the initial disease has been for feline pneumonitis is a modified treated.17 live virus vaccine of egg origin, Several reports indicate that the vacuum-dried, 1 cc. subcutaneously or administration of the pneumonitis vac­ intramuscularly, if exposure to the di­ cine at two day intervals for 2-3 doses, sease is considered possible. The dura­ while the cat is still in the early stages tion of the artificial immunity is not of the disease, has been beneficial in well established, but reinoculation is reducing the course and severity of the recommended every 8 to 12 months disease.19 unless severe outbreaks are noted, dur­ Differential Diagnosis ing which re-vaccination should be Feline pneumonitis should be differ­ every 4 to 6 months. entiated from Feline Infectious Enter­ Because the pneumonitis vaccine is itis (Panleucopenia). The latter is char­ the only one available of the feline acterized by a very short course and respiratory complex, prevention be­ high mortality. Emesis, profuse dia- comes mainly a matter of management.

WINTER, 1965 25 Carrier cats as well as sick animals 10. James, Price, Mills, Kneeland: "Effect of Small Amounts of Aureomycin and Ter­ should be isolated. In relation to hos­ ramycin on Virus of Feline Pneumonitis." pitalization, it is felt that it is desirable Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. and Med., 77 to mix cats among dogs and other ani­ (1951), pp. 431-37 mals in order to prevent rampant 11. Leighton, R.: "Common Cat Diseases" spread of the disease through the feline Veterinary Scope, U, no. 2, Summer 1959, patients. Disinfection of quarters is ac­ pp. 2-9 complished by scrubbing with hot 12. McKercher: "Feline Pneumonitis Immuni­ water and soap. If cats must be housed zation Studies in Kittens" Amer. Jour, of separately from other species, they Veterinary Research, 13 (1952), pp. 557 should be grouped in small, separate 13. McKercher: "The Effect of Antibiotics on units. Ultraviolet lights are reported to the Experimental Infection" Ibid, 1U be of benefit in controlling outbreaks. (1953), pp. 105 The environment should be void of 14. Moulder, Weiss: "Purification and Proper­ drafts, with a temperature of 75°F., ties of the Agent of Feline Pneumonitis." humidity 50%. Over crowding, poor Journ. of Inf. Diseases, 88 (1951), pp. 56 sanitation, extreme stresses and inade­ quate nutrition are obviously to be 15. Ott, R. L.: "Feline Respiratory Viral Di­ 9 seases", Current Vetinary Therapy 1964­ avoided. 65, pp. 220-222 16. Ott, R. L.: "Viral Diseases", Feline Medi­ Although this is not a significantly cine and Surgery, 1964, 1st edition, Ameri­ disastrous diease of cats from the can Veterinary Publications, Inc., pp. 71­ standpoint of high mortality, the long, 98 debilitating processes associated with 17. Schaefer, Keller: "The Control of Feline it and the existence of a carrier state Pneumonitis." Speculum, 15, no. 2, Winter in recovered animals make pneumonitis 1962, pp. 11 of considerable importance. 18. Smith, Jones: Veterinary Pathology, 1961, Lea & Febiger, pp. 313 19. Sternfels: Veterinary Medicine, 51 (1956), pp. 329 20. Thomas, Kolb: Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. and BIBLIOGRAPHY Med., 54. (1943) pp. 172 1. Baker, J. A.: "A Virus Causing Pneu­ monia in Cats and Producing Elementary Bodies." Jour. Expt. Med., 79 (1944), pp. 159-72 2. Baker, J. A.: "Infectious Pneumonitis in Cats." Proceedings American Animal Hos­ Bird Trap Diagram pital Assoc. 18th Annual Meeting: pp. 273 3. Blake, Howard, Tatlock: "Feline Virus Pneumonia and Its Possible Relation to Some Cases of Primary Atypical Pneu­ monia in Man." Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 15 (1942-3), pp. 139-166 4. Burch: Allied Veterinarian, 29 (1958), pp. 5-7 5. Docton: "Feline Pneumonitis": Speculum, 5, no. 3, Spring 1952, pp. 6 6. Hamre, Rake: "Feline Pneumonitis, a New Member of the Lympho-granuloma­ psittacosis Group of Agents." Journal of Infectious Diseases, 7U (1944), pp. 206 Fi9. 7. Hamre, Rake: "Studies on Lymphogranu­ loma Venereum V" Ibid, 81 (1947), pp. 175-190 8. Hamre, Rake, Rake: Jour. Exper. Med., Figure I was omitted from the article 86 (1947) "Better Than Cats" which appeared in 9. Holzworth, J.: "Infectious Diseases of the Fall issue of The Speculum. For Cats" Cornell Veterinarian, 53 (1963), pp. information as to how the bird trap 131-43 operates, please refer to this article.

26 The SPECULUM DR. SMITH NAMED University, has been named to the TO ADVISORY BOARD Advisory Board of the Morris Animal Foundation in Denver. Dr. Smith, who holds the degrees of D.V.M., M.Sc, and Ph.D., has been on the staff at Ohio State and has been professor and chairman of the depart­ ment for the past seven years. His doctoral dissertation was in the area of bovine electrocardiograms. He has authored or assisted in writing 38 different technical papers. His teach­ ing experience includes several sum­ mers at a variety of institutions, in­ cluding The University of Minnesota, Purdue University and University of Washington. He has been active in the Central Ohio Heart Association and various veterinary organizations. The Morris Foundation currently is sponsoring 24 different research stud­ ies at veterinary and medical schools of North America. As a member of the Dr. C. Roger Smith, chairman of the Advisory Board, Dr. Smith will evalu­ Department of Veterinary Physiology ate proposed research studies and also and Pharmacology at The Ohio State advise on those under way.

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WINTER, 1965 27 ALUMNI NEWS

BY CHARLES WALLACE, VET. MED. Ill 1928 members and first president, Dr. Harry B. Roberts. Dr. Roger Grundish (1943), Wil­ loughby, presented Dr. Roberts with a plaque acknowledging his long years of service to the profession. In addition to his service to the Academy, Dr. Rob­ erts has served as president of the Ohio V.M.A. and in 1955 was named Ohio's "Veterinarian of the Year." He is currently on the AVMA Executive Board, representing District IV. 1934 Dr. R. L. Knudson, Fairfax, Virginia, was elected vice-chairman of the AV MA Council on Public Health and Reg­ ulatory Veterinary Medicine at its meeting Nov. 17-18, 1964. Dr. T. C. Fitzgerald is head professor 1936 of anatomy and histology in the School Dr. Donald Miller was elected to an of Veterinary Medicine at Auburn Uni­ office in the National Association of versity. Dr. Fitzgerald has recently Federal Veterinarians. He is associated been awarded a U.S. Public Health with the Animal Disease Eradication grant to study a new laboratory ani­ Division of the Agricultural Research mal. The new "guinea pig" is the Service as assistant director. Japanese Coturnix quail which has the 1937 advantages of hardiness, ability to Dr. G. R. Greenhoff was a speaker breed and mature quickly, and its at a refresher course in horse health high metabolism. This research animal given at Rutgers College of Agricul­ is already being used for heart and ture, October 14. The course attacted cancer research and for evaluating more than 70 veterinarians. drugs for human use. 1946 1930 Dr. M. P. Hines, Raleigh, North Dr. C. K. Mingle, Riverdale, Mary­ Carolina, was elected vice-chairman of land, has been appointed chairman of the AVMA Council on Education at the Committee on Education in Other its meeting last December. Countries of the AVMA Council on Education. 1951 1931 Dr. Richard Bixler was recently Dr. Raymond Wenger has been elec­ elected president-elect of the Florida ted to an office in the National As­ V.M.A. at its 35th annual meeting held sociation of Federal Veterinarians. Dr. in Tampa. Wenger is associated with the Poultry Dr. Paul Kramer has been promoted Inspection Division, Agricultural Mar­ to veterinarian in charge of animal di­ keting Service. sease eradication in Ohio. Since April, he has been serving as assistant ADE 1933 veterinarian in charge. He was a pri­ The Cleveland Academy of Veterin­ vate practitioner in Mt. Vernon, Ohio, ary Medicine set aside its November 4, before entering federal service in 1955. 1964, meeting as "Dr. Harry B. Roberts He has served as both area and district Night" to honor one of its founding- veterinarian in Ohio. The SPECULUM In 1958-1959, he participated in the THEY SERVED WELL Fifth Veterinary Administrator De­ velopment Program, and upon comple­ Bernard J. Stockier (OSU '08), 81, tion, was assigned assistant ADE veter­ Laguna Beach, California, died Sept. inarian in charge in Atlanta, Georgia. 12, 1964. Dr. Stockier had been a mem­ In 1960, he was reassigned in the same ber of the AVMA for more than 50 capacity to Springfield, Illinois, and in years. April, 1964, he was assigned to Ohio. R. E. Hammond (OSU '27), 62, 1953 Youngstown, Ohio, died Oct. 5, 1964. Dr. William J. Weber, Leesburg, Dr. Hammond had practiced in Dayton, Florida, was installed as president of Ohio, before establishing his pratice in the Florida V.M.A. this past October Youngstown in 1931. at its annual meeting in Tampa. A. Stanley Schlingman (OSU '11), 1957 75, Silver Spring, Md., died Oct. 12, Dr. Donald E. Bidlack has left prac­ 1964. Before his retirement in 1956, Dr. tice in Gaston, Indiana, to become Ani­ Schlingman had served 33 years as a mal Clinical Research Veterinarian veterinarian in the research division of with the Norwich Parmaceutical Com­ Parke, Davis & Company. He had been pany, Eaton Laboratories Division in a member of the AVMA for more than their Swine Research Unit at Norwich, 50 years. New York. Russell E. Holstead (OSU '32), 64, Dr. Walter B. Homan and Mrs. Mary Springfield, Ohio, died Oct. 30, 1964. Law Thomas Homan (Edu. '57) an­ Dr. Holstead had been a veterinarian in nonuce the birth of their fourth son, Springfield for 25 years. He served as Andrew Todd, June 9, 1964. a municipal inspector from 1936 to 1958 1946 and since then, had been in pri­ Dr. Samuel S. Richeson has moved vate practice. Prominent as a poultry from Stafford, Arizona, to 1056 George­ judge, he traveled widely in that capa­ town Apts., Beaufort Lane, Columbus, city. Ohio 43214. He was a past president of the 1961 Dayton Fancy Feather Poultry Club, a Dr. Lawrence E. Skinner has moved member of the Ohio State Poultry As­ from 2021 Bainbridge Drive, St. Louis, sociation, a member of the American Missouri, to 3021 Perry Highway, Tall­ Poultry Association, and a judge of the ahassee, Florida. national association. Dr. P. Neil Perrel has moved from Charles S. Milton (OSU '43), 44, Richmond, Indiana, to 602 School Winchester, Va., died Nov. 7, 1964. Street, Greenfield, Indiana. Dr. Milton had conducted a general practice in Winchester since 1943. He 1963 was a member and past president of Dr. and Mrs. Jack E. Hathaway an­ the Virginia VMA. nounce the birth of their first child, James H. Burt (OSU '05), 93, Man­ Jeffrey Ederar, on August 3, 1964. Dr. hattan, Kansas, died Nov. 12, 1964. Hathaway has recently become a mem­ Dr. Burt was an emeritus professor of ber of the veterinary staff of Angell anatomy at Kansas State University's Memorial Animal Hospital in Boston College of Veterinary Medicine. Dr. where he is doing research in the field Burt was active in both the Kansas and of clinical endocrinology. He has com­ American Veterinary Medical Associa­ pleted a study of hypothyroidism in tions and was a past president of dogs. KVMA. He was a member of such Dr. and Mrs. Hathaway and their son honor societies as Gamma Sie:ma Delta, are now residing at 41 Scotland Street, Sigma Xi. and Phi Kappa Phi; a past Hingham, Massachusetts. master of Lafavette Lodere and past 1964 commander of Oriental Commandery, Dr. Francis H.' Goldsmith, Jr., is now both in Manhattan; a member of the residing at 329 Ft. Worth Avenue, Methodist Church; and a 32nd degree #23, Norfolk, Virginia 23505. Mason.

WINTER, 1965 29 STUDENT A.V.M.A. NEWS On February 19, we held our Annual Square Dance at the Community Center BY DOROTHEA L. FREITAS, VET. MED. II in Buckeye Village. Everyone had a Winter quarter has been very active, real good time and slept very soundly interesting, and informative. It has Saturday morning. Too bad the Juniors also been very enjoyable. Our first and Seniors had to get up so early for meeting was January 13. Mr. Orr Zim- clinics. merman brought a movie about a Sa- Besides the above, we have been fari he went on a couple of years ago very busy planning for future events. in Africa. Besides the actual hunting, George Reed has plans completed for he showed and told us of the natives the Annual AVMA Awards Banquet and their customs. On January 27, and Dance which will be held in the Dr. George Wilson III discussed "Canine Main Ballroom of the Neil House on Cancer" and projected some very inter- April 24. This is promising to be the esting slides on the subject. Dr. 0. R. best one ever and we hope that if any Adams, the author of Lameness in of you would like to attend you would Horses spoke to us at an extra meet- notify us as soon as possible. ing February 1. He showed a movie Pre-Vet Day, originally scheduled for demonstrating castration of a cryptor- April 17, will be held April 10 because chid and conditions predisposing to of the conflict with Easter which would lameness. February 10 was the annual result from the former day. Informa­ Large Animal Panel consisting of: Dr. tion has been mailed to all high schools, Graff of Westerville, Dr. Mossberger county agents, and interested parties. from Blomingberg, Dr. Topp from We would appreciate it if you would Mechanicsburg, and Dr. Junk from notify interested individuals of this Washington Court House. On February event. There is no admission charge 24, our last meeting of the quarter and lunch will be served at a nominal dealt with the type of insurance avail- fee. able. Mr. Wyman delievered this inter­ Letters have been sent to local esting talk on March 10. (See Page 35)

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30 The SPECULUM Curriculum Changes BY DOROTHEA FREITAS AND THOMAS FOX VET. MED. II A changed curriculum will be offer- Winter Qtr. ed to the Freshmen entering the College Veterinary Anatomy 611 7 Veterinary Anatomy 616 4 of Veterinary Medicine in the Fall of Microbiology 602 5 1965. This has been necessitated by the Agricultural Biochem. 621 Q need for increased integration of course 19 work, aside from the minor changes Spring Qtr. which occur within courses periodically. Veterinary Anatomy 617 4 The following chart indicates both the Microbiology 603 5 present and modified curriculum for the Veterinarly Parasitology 640 4 first and second years' work. Veterinary Physio. & Pharm 610 5 PRESENT CURRICULUM 18 SECOND YEAR FIRST YEAR Autumn Qtr. Autumn Qtr. Veterinary Physio. 611 5 Veterinary Anatomy 610 7 Veterinary Pathology 621 6 Microbiology 607 5 Veterinary Parasitology 642 o Veterinary Medicine 610 1 Veterinary Pharmacology 630 Veterinary Anatomy 618 4 5 17 Winter Qtr. 19 Winter Qtr. Veterinary Pathology 622 6 Veterinary Anatomy 611 7 Veterinary Parasitology 646 3 Veterinary Physio. & Pharm. 610 5 Veterinary Physio. 622 5 Veterinary Anatomy 616 4 Veterinary Pharmacol. 632 5 16 19 Spring Qtr. Spring Qtr. Veterinary Phy. & Pharm. 611 5 Veterinary Medicine 620 2 Veterinary Anatomy 617 4 Veterinary Surg. and Rad. 623 5 Veterinary Phy. & Pharm. 619 3 Veterinary Anatomy 620 5 Agricultural Biochem. 620 3 Veterinary Path. 733 (Comb, of Agricultural Biochem. 621 3 731 and 733) 6 18 18 SECOND YEAR Autumn Qtr. Veterinary Phy. & Pharm. 622 5 As indicated on the chart, all micro- Veterinary Phy. & Pharm. 620 3 biology courses will be offered during Veterinary Parasitology 621 5 Veterinary Pathology 621 6 the Freshman year. This will familiarize the student with the microorganisms 19 which cause disease processes and will Winter Qtr. serve to better prepare the student for Veterinary Phy. & Pharm. 621 3 Veterinary Parasitology 622 5 further study in Pathology and Pharm- Veterinary Pathology 622 6 acology which will both be scheduled Microbiology 602 5 Sophomore year. Prior to this, there was a five quarter lapse between the first 19 Spring Qtr. and the last two Microbiology courses. Microbiology 603 5 All work in Pathology will be sched- Veterinary Medicine 620 2 uled for the Sophomore year. This will Veterinarl Pre. Medicine 620 3 be beneficial in that there will be more Veterinary Surgery & Radiology 623 5 5 continuity rather than a two quarter Veterinary Anatomy 620 lapse as was previously the case. 20 NEW CURRICULUM In conjunction with this, the two FIRST YEAR quarters of work in Parasitology will be Autumn Qtr. divided into three courses beginning Veterinary Anatomy 610 7 Microbiology 607 5 Spring Quarter Freshman year and ex- Veterinary Anatomy 618 4 tending into Fall and Winter Quarter Agricultural Biochemistry 620 3 of the Sophomore year. The total num­ 19 (Continued on page 34)

WINTER, 1965 31 The Prevention Of Tetanus In The Horse By The Use Of Both Tetanus Toxoid And Antitoxin Simultaneously BY WILLIAM BEAM, VET. MED. IV

Dr. Hoyt, at the A.A.E.P. meeting in mal following the first dose. Unfortun­ 1962, made the statement that tetanus ately, therefore, on each subsequent ad­ toxoid and antitoxin (T.A.T.) can be ministration of the T.A.T., the animal used simultaneously without interfer­ may eliminate the antibodies too rapid­ ing with the immunizing effect of the ly to provide adequate protection. If an toxoid. This statement is true today if animal becomes sensitized to T.A.T., the proper agents are used. Older stu­ even very large doses may provide only dies have shown that if an animal is 4 days of protection instead of the nor­ given T.A.T. and toxoid at the same mal 7 to 10 days. time, then the animal challenged with On the other hand, if we give a dose tetanus toxin, tetanus will result. This of toxoid at time of injury or at surg­ is a well publicized experiment which ery, the animal will have an active im­ must be re-evaluated in light of later mune response. Toxoid will provide a similar experiments in which aluminum protective blood level of antibodies hydroxide precipitated toxoid was used, within 7 to 14 days, and this protection instead of the old fluid toxoid. The use will last up to 12 months. The tetanus of a toxoid prepared by precipitating organism usually requires 3 to 5 weeks with alum or aluminum hydroxide ve­ to produce an effective amount of toxin hicle delays absorption and maintains in the blood that will result in symp­ the effect of toxoid after the antitoxin toms of the disease. has been eliminated. In this case, anti­ The recommendation that 3000 to toxin does not effect the response to 1 6000 units of antitoxin, plus aluminum the toxoid appreciably. hydroxide precipitated toxoid given Prophylaxis at Injury or Surgery: simultaneously at separate sites at the Prevention is more sound economical­ time of injury or surgery in unvacci­ ly than the diagnosis and treatment of nated horses, now can soundly be made, tetanus; therefore, the question which (currently, cost of this prophylaxis is arises at the time of an injury is, what about $2.00.) Both products should be should be used, antitoxin or toxoid ? used to allow the T.A.T. to guard for The routine practice of giving only 1500 7 to 10 days against the possibility of units of antitoxin at time of surgery or an unusual case of tetanus with a very injury can certainly be questioned. It is short incubation period. This occurs on­ granted that antitoxin provides protec­ ly if a horse already has circulating tion within 24 hours, but most veteri­ spores which accumulate at the wound narians are under-dosing antitoxin. Al­ site and allow toxin release without a though there is a protective blood level new infection. As has been stated, the at 24 hours, the protection falls before shorter the incubation period from time the end of the normal incubation period of injury till onset of signs, the worse of the teanus organism. The maximum the prognosis. This short incubation blood level of antitoxin is at 3 to 4 days period which ranges from 4 to 10 days and by 7 to 10 days this passive pro­ following an injury has been shown to tection is lost. There are five document­ be due to circulating Clostridium tetanae ed cases in the literature of horses spores, which have entered the body at which developed tetanus following in­ a previous injury site; and although the jury or surgery, and a single 1500-unit new wound has no new introduc­ dose of T.A.T. Many unreported cases tion of organisms, tetanus may result. have also occurred. In preparing this re­ It is thought that the spores enter a port an additional case has been relat­ wound and if all conditions necessary ed to me by a veterinarian. for optimum growth are not present, the Another characteristic of the T.A.T. organism may revert to the spore stage is that it may act to sensitize an ani­ and enter the blood circulation. It has

32 The SPECULUM been shown that these spores may live cinate at 3 to 4 months of age and and continue to mature for up to 2 after that at intervals of 12 months. years, then when a new wound occurs (Because of the character of the teta­ these spores are mature and providing nus toxiod, it is impossible to provide conditions are proper, tetanus may re­ a longer lasting immunity. The dose sult in a very short period without a of toxoid must be kept low so you don't new infection. This is a possible condi­ kill the animal; this in turn explains tion that exemplifies the need for im­ the short period of antigenic stimuli.) mediate use of T.A.T. for short term The program in unvaccinated horses protection along with the toxoid for should start by using one injection of longer lasting protection against the toxoid followed by a second injection normal course of the organism.2 Then after 6 to 8 weeks. In all horses, it is by the time the T.A.T. is eliminated, advisable to use toxoid booster each the toxoid has had an opportunity to year. provide protection against any new in­ Diagnosis and Prognosis: fection. Horses which have had tetanus The earlier treatment is started fol­ toxoid previously need only a booster lowing diagnosis of this disease the injection. better the prognosis. This can be ex­ In man, in countries such as the plained by the characteristics of the U.S.A., where an aluminum precipitated organism. toxoid is available, simultaneous use of The organism CJostridium tetani is toxoid and antitoxin is recommended in an anaerobic orpranism that requires unvaccinated humans at the time of 3 dead necrotic tissue as an environ­ injury. ment for nutrition and growth. It must be noted at this point that The organism can then grow and the old philosophy that a horse must nroduce toxin which is the product receive antitoxin following a wound, is that is harmful. The action of only of the veterinarian's doings. The toxin is then strictly local. Toxin thought of malpractice and the legal does not reach the C.N.S. by ab­ liabilities is always in mind. It is also sorption into the blood. The toxin unpleasant as well as unprofitable to actually ascends in the motor nerve tell an owner his horse has tetanus and sheath and is fixed in the corre­ to treat a case. The scientific fact that sponding segment and side of the T.A.T. plus aluminum hydroxide preci­ cord. The toxin travels the axon pitated toxoid is safer than small doses evlmrler and the effect is not dis­ of T.A.T. should be more widely known played in a denerved area or where and used by Veterinarians. the cylinder has been damaged. The action then, of the toxin is ac­ Immunization Program: tually that of an enzyme, increas­ It is the veterinarian's responsibility ing: acetvlcholine effect by inhibit­ to recommend the use of a sound tox­ ing- choline esterase. Since the ef­ oid vaccination program to the owners. fect of the toxin is that of Since the specific antibodies in titers an enzyme, it does not actually hierher than those considered sufficient damage the nerve or nerve end­ for prophylaxis against tetanus were ings, therefore, following recovery, found a few hours after birth in 33 the animal should have normal of 34 foals born to immunized mares, muscle and nerve activity. it appears to be unnecessary to immun­ ize these foals at birth. It was found Tn most cases 3 to 5 weeks passes that the level of protection continued following injury before signs are first to increase from the first day until 5 notice, these signs being a progres­ to 6 weeks after birth. This increase sive stiffness followed by inability to in protection in the new born foal can eat or drink. The nicitating membrane be directly related to the increase of will protrude and any external stimuli complement in the blood. It is advisable will cause skeletal muscles to contract. to vaccinate foaling mares with toxoid Certainly, it must be understood about one month before foaling to in­ that the shorter the period from the crease the level of protection in the time of introduction of infection until foals. Then start a sound toxoid vac­ onset of symptoms, the more unfavor-

WINTER, 1965 33 able the prognosis. The more rapid recommended. This should be done by onset of rigidity and the more gener­ giving toxoid at 5 to 6 weeks of age alized the spasms, the poorer the prog­ a second injection at 3 to 4 months of nosis. age, followed by yearly booster injec­ tions. Horses on this program need Treatment: only a booster injection at the time of injury or surgery. 1. Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride I. V., 150 mg. repeated at 8 to 12 hour intervals as needed or pro­ REFERENCES piopromazine hydrochloride, or 1. American Association of Equine Practi­ other tranquilizers to allow mus­ tioners, By Harvey Hoyt, 1962. cle relaxation and allow the ani­ 2. Clinical Aspects of Immunology, By Gell mal to eat and drink. and Coomes 2. 30,000,000 units of Penicillin I.M. 3. Antisera Toxoids, Vaccines, By Parish and repeated at 12 hour intervals to and Cannon, 1961 control growth of the organism. 4. J.A.V.M.A., March 15, 1958 3. 100,000 to 150,000 units of T.A.T. 5. Veterinary Bulletin, May, 1958 S.Q. The action of T.A.T. is to 6. Proceedings of Veterinary Congress at neutralize the toxin that is in the Stockholm, August, 1958 circulation before it enters the 7. Manual of Pharmacology, By Sollmann cells. 8. Current Therapy 9. Infectious Diseases of Animal Caused by 4. Debride the wound and remove Bacteria By Stableforth and Galloway all necrotic tissue down to fresh blood, if the wound can be found. 10. Immunity, By Raffeh Check the feet. 11. Fundamentals of Immunology, By Boyd 12. Veterinary Record, Dec. Vol. 71, pp. 904­ 5. Keep the animal in a quiet dark 909 stall to help eliminate external 13. Veterinary Medicine, By R. R. Dykstrn, stimuli. Vol. 52, pp. 410 6. If the animal is unable to eat, 14. A.V.M.A., Vol. 126, pp. 303 nutrients must be supplied by 15. Review of Medical Microbiology, 1962, By stomach tube or parenteral routes. Ernest Jawetz — Joseph Melnick 16. International Veterinary Congress, 15th, Usually, this treatment must be Part 1, Vol. 1 continued for 10 to 14 days; as the 17. A.V.M.A., Vol. 125, Dec. 1964, pp. 68 horse recovers and its appetite returns 18. Canadian Journal or Comp. Med., Vol. 18, to normal, be careful not to overfeed. 1954, pp. 335 Overfeeding and founder is sometimes a complication. Light exercise is also helpful as recovery progresses. Stable- forth (9) reported 20 times better (Continued from page 31) response to treatment with antitoxin if is placed in cerebrospinal fluid in­ ber of hours devoted to Parasitology stead of being given I.V. will not be changed, however. This will Summary: provide better integration with Path­ ology, Pharmacology, and Physiology which will be offered concurrently. It is recommended that unvaccinat­ ed adult horses be given T.A.T. (3000 The modifications will not create a units) and toxoicl (aluminum hydroxide net change in credit hours but will high­ precipitated) at time of surgery or in­ ly integrate all course work with a re­ jury and that this be followed up with sulting benefit to the student. the second injection of toxoid in 5 to 8 weeks. This will provide a good level of Tentative plans for adjustments in protection within 24 hours that will the Junior and Senior courses are under last 12 months. It is recommended that consideration but will not go into effect a booster toxoicl injection be given each until changes in the clinic facilities have year. Toxoid protection of all horses is been made.

34 The SPECULUM Noticing the dogs condition gradu­ YOU'RE THE DOCTOR ally becoming worse and the possi­ bility of prostititis, you decided to BY ROBERT A. FRITZ, VET. MED. II castrate him while treating with AND RICHARD WEAVER, VET. MED. IV chloromycetin S.Q.. The dog failed to recover properly from the surgery CASE ONE exhibiting bleeding from the surgical Last week, Mrs. A. Orta brought site, anorexia, and severe depression. to your hospital a very sick cat Complications (nephritis and pneu­ named Puff. Mrs. Orta said Puff monia) occurred and the dog died. has been losing weight for a little A post-mortem examination of the over a month, and wouldn't eat much genital system revealed a very large of anything, though her appetite for cyst measuring 9 cm in diameter water was normal. and 15 cm long found on the caudal aspect of the prostate. Several crater- When you examined Puff, you like areas were found on the inner noticed her mucous membranes were wall of the cyst measuring V2 to 2 pale, her abdomen was distended cm in diameter. The cyst contained with some fluid, and she was in an 425 cc of a dark, cloudy, coffee color­ emaciated condition. Seeing these ed odoriferous fluid. There were mul­ signs led you to ask Mrs. Orta's per­ tiple nodules found near the cyst. mission to keep Puff for a few days in order to run a few diagnostic What is your diagnosis and how tests. frequent is this condition in dogs? Your hemogram showed the follow­ ing; hemoglobin-7.5 gm/100 ml, he­ matocrit-21.0 %, red blood cells­ si 5,010,000/cubic mm., white blood cells-20,500/cubic mm. While you snouijqij pui? sno^uii3[nut?iS (x were running the hemogram, Puff died. Mrs. Orta said it was alright to perform a post-mortem examination. You found about 250 cc of a mucinous-like, blood tinged ascitic fluid in the abdomen, and noticed 9U0 :J9A\SUy small, white, irregular plaques scatt­ ered throughout the mesentary on the liver, spleen, kidney capsule, P.S. Both of these cases were recent­ bladder and the peritoneal surface ly diagnosed in the O.S.U. Veterinary of the diaphram. Sections through Clinic. these organs revealed no apparent involvement of the parenchyma. Also noted were many fibrinous adhesions between the small intestine and peri­ (Continued from page 30) toneum. schools and organizations concerning What is your diagnosis, and what the formation of the Speaker's Bureau caused this condition? which consists of students prepared to discuss various aspects of veterinary CASE TWO medicine. Eventually, we hope to ex­ pand the program to reach all Ohio A five year old male Doberman and the neighboring states. Jim Ross was referred to your clinic because and Fred Birk are co-chairmen of the of your accessability to a histopa­ bureau. thological lab. The Dobe has a his­ tory of painful defecations that lead Dale Hague is investigating the feasi­ to blood being passed with an unusu­ bility of producing a College Yearbook ally small feces. Rectal palpation re­ as has been done at some of the other vealed a cystic formation on the left Veterinary Colleges. The first one will caudal side of the, prostate gland. probably come out next year.

WINTER, 1965 35 A.V.M.A. AUXILIARY NEWS SPEAKERS' BUREAU ESTABLISHED BY JOYCE DILL IN JUNIOR A.V.M.A. The ladies auxiliary is winding up The following letter is now being another typically busy quarter. Atten­ sent to groups and schools in the dance at meeting has been outstanding Franklin County area. This will provide due to interesting programs, a series an opportunity for selected students of informative educational meetings, to gain speaking experience, and it and involvment of each member in can be a great asset to the Veterinary service and money-making projects. Medicine public relations field. Limited Mrs. Everhart, from the O.S.U. funds dictate the present speaking School of Home Economics faculty, boundaries. Perhaps this radius can be gave a talk and demonstration on extended in the future. home furnishings at the January meet­ ing. In February, Mr. Dodsworth, a representative from Franklin Village, Dear Sir: told us more about the services of the A Speakers' Bureau within the Village and how our help there has student chapter of the American been appreciated. Our March meeting Veterinary Medical Association at should prove quite interesting as our The Ohio State University has re­ speaker will be Dr. Robert Stevenson, cently been established. Our pur­ a Dayton veterinarian who has his own pose is to provide students enrolled T.V. program. in the College of Veterinary Med­ icine to serve as speakers at meet­ Our educational meetings have been ings of any interested high school planned to interest all members, fresh­ or undergraduate college groups. man through senior. The first one was concerning "Handling1 Emergency Calls" We offer free speakers on a with Dr. J. Bruce Wenger, local veter­ variety of sub j ects within the inarian, as speaker. Two films, "Veter­ realm of veterinary medicine and inary Services in the Air Force" and related biological fields. Speakers "Managing a Whelping" were shown are available to discuss the broad at the second meeting. Also, Dr. Andres aspects of career opportunities in and his wife were present to conduct a veterinary medicine, or more spec­ discussion and answer questions. The ialized topics such as the heart, third meeting will consist of a talk by respiration, parasite problems , Mr. McCready from the clinic phar­ animal care, animal diseases trans­ macy, on "Sterilization of Veterinary missible to man, or any other as­ Equipment and Supplies." pects of public health. Service committee co-chairmen, Carol Inasmuch as each program is Davis and Barbara Glauer, have been busilv handling the two main projects individually prepared, we ask that for the quarter, furnishing grooming you select a topic of interest to aids to a cottage at Franklin Village your group and notify us at least and collecting canned goods to be given thirty days in advance of the meet­ to a Community center for their dis­ ing date. We offer one or two tribution. speakers, slides or movies when available, and props free of charge. So far, our money making project Our personnel would also be happy has realized a profit of approximately to participate in panel discussions $625.00. Ways and Means committee or in career days you may be plan­ co-chairmen, Dottie Clark and Marlene ning. We are looking forward to Brick, have worked hard to make this hearing from you. project a success. Prizes have been awarded to the two tor) salesladies, Cordially, Sylvia Weber and Carol Grim. The James Ross, Jr., Chairman final project for the quarter will be Junior American Veterinary co-sponsorine: a square dance with the Medical Association Speakers' men's A.V.M.A. Bureau

36 The SPECULUM Heart Month

February was Heart Month. All of us As a result, while generous Central are aware of the significance of cardio­ Ohio Heart Association support con­ vascular diseases in man. We are also tinues, additional support from other cognizant of the leading role the Heart health agencies became available. Pre­ Association has assumed in financing sently the future of cardiovascular re­ programs of research, professional edu­ search in the College of Veterinary cation and clinical service in combatt­ Medicine looks very promising and is ing human cardiovascular disease. As indeed drastically different from that veterinarians we are equally aware of existing less than ten years ago. the significance of heart disease in animals. Many of us are less informed The Central Ohio Heart Association about the participation of the Heart grant-in-aid program has a much broad­ Association in the support of research er significance than may be apparent. and education in comparative cardi­ While it may appear to be only a pro­ ology in Ohio. gram permitting interested faculty to Beginning eight years ago, Central indulge in rigorous and challenging ex­ Ohio Heart Association initiated its perimental medicine its most signifi­ research grant-in-aid program in com­ cant product is new knowledge and parative cardiology at The Ohio State skills. These are in turn conveyed to University College of Veterinary Med­ students in the undergraduate curricu­ icine. It constituted the first real stim­ dum, to members of the profession ulus to a growing research effort in via professional meetings and profes­ comparative cardiovascular medicine. sional literature and ultimately to the Interested faculty members for the animal owner by the way of new and/ first time had substantial assistance. or improved veterinary services. In The Necessary equipment and supplies and Ohio State University Veterinary Clin­ additional technical help made it pos­ ics, personnel in Radiology, Surgery, sible to do better, and more, research. and Medicine are entering into coopera­ New faculty members were offered an tive programs. The prospects for estab­ opportunity to develop research ability lishing a heart station in the clinic dur­ by participating in sponsored research. ing 1965 are good. The heart station

WINTER, 1965 37 will permit capable people to intro­ given and look forward to the continu­ duce new techniques useful for the ed interest of the Heart Association in diagnosis and treatment of heart di­ veterinary problems, and opportunities, sease into our everyday clinical service. in the future. Over 40 papers have been published The Heart Association membership on subjects related to cardiovascular is cognizant of the potential benefit of disease in animals. Among them are a research in animals. Man is not a plant number on clinical subjects. These in­ but an animal. Much of the science of clude the results of studies on the medical practice has been derived by radiographic anatomy of the heart in the study of animals other than man. cats and dogs, on normal and/or ab­ No two species are identical. Species normal heart sounds in horses, dogs, differences represent natures experi­ cats, and monkeys, on the clinical, ments. Often a study of such differences functional, and therapeutic characteris­ leads to knowledge which assists in tics of various forms of congenital explaining common biological phenom­ heart disease in dogs, on electrocardio­ ena. Also, in any given species diseases graphy in large and small animals and occur which have a counterpart in man. on the genesis and treatment (cardiac Veterinarians study such animals. By glycosides, dueretics, diet) of chronic engaging in research of spontaneous congestive heart failure. We appreciate diseases of domestic animals, animals what has been accomplished but are will be better treated and man himself more concerned with what is yet to be stands a god chance of directly sharing clone if we are to meet our professional in the benefits. We believe that the responsibilities. investment citizens are making in the Heart Association is meritable and urge The Central Ohio Heart Association everyone in our profession to support has a Post-doctoral Fellowship and its programs financially and by active Scholarship Program in addition to its participation in its affairs. grant-in-aid research program. The fellowship program enables a veterin­ arian to obtain as many as three years of full time research experience. One veterinarian was awarded a Fellowship Grant from 1957 to 1960 and another EASTER CRUELTY grant may be forthcoming in 1965. Two Cruelties of the ''Easter Chick trade" are scholarships were awarded to sopho­ especially offensive because they desecrate a more veterinary students during the Holy Day which should, above all other days, summer of 1964, and two are pending be observed with kindness and mercy. for the summer of 1965. The Scholar­ ship Program is a technique by which The cruelty incident to the use of baby promising students find out for them­ chicks, ducklings or other fowl, and rabbits, selves what research is and their ad­ whether artifically colored or not, has been of visors learn what kind of research concern to The American Humane Association potential exists among the students en­ for many years. rolled in their classes. Both programs Experience has shown that baby chicks sold act to increase the capabilities of our in the city for playthings or for decorative profession in research, in education, purposes seldom survive the mishandling and and in service. unnatural conditions to which they are sub­ jected. This year Central Ohio Heart Asso­ Continued pressure is necessary to put an ciation has awarded over $18,684.00 to end to the Easter Chick cruelty. We hope that, investigators in the College of Veterin­ in those communities where it is permitted, any Medicine for support of their re­ humane organizations and individuals will search. In addition, $1,800.00 was a­ exert strong influence on storekeepers, and warded for student scholarships and vigorously explain to children, their parents consideration is being given to an ap­ and teachers the cruelties involved. We hope plication for a Fellowship during 1965­ that more cities and states will join the en­ 66. We sincerely appreciate the recog­ lightened communities which already forbid nition veterinary medicine is being the traffic by law.

38 The SPECULUM Every Day Tylocine is the newes/ antibiotic, specially developed to meet a wide variety of animal You See health problems, tt is available in the fol- CDRVEL] At Least lowing forms for the following indications: Subsidiary One Condition IN BEEF CATTLE: As an injection for of pneumonia, bronchitis, shipping fever, me- Eh Lilly Responsive and Company To Tylocine tritis, cellulitis, foot rot, leptospirosis, calf pneumonia, sinusitis, tracheitis, diphtheria, CORVEL, INC. Omaha, Nebraska lung congestion, calf pneumoententis, ab­ cesses and bacterial infections; as a bolus for intrauterine treatment of infections asso­ ciated with calving, including metritis, endo­ metritis, retained placenta and prolapsed uterus.

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IN PETS: A s an injection (for hospital use) nand. as tablets (for follow-up home use) for bronchitis, laryngitis, pneumonia, feline pneumonitis, tonsillitis, cystitis, metritis, interdigital cysts,-infected wounds and staph dermatitis.

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..n "•• '••"•. ALPHA PSI NEWS a multitude of duties to several other alumni. The active chapter can not adequately express their appreciation for his services. At our January speakers' meeting Dr. Witter of Columbus gave a very informative and worthwhile talk on "The Legal Responsibilities of the Equine Practitioner/' This year again the Alpha Psi wives held a spaghetti dinner at the house. Several members and many of the faculty showed up for an enjoyable meal and get-together. I'd like to say that some of those gals sure know how to make spaghetti. A combined dance-party with Omega Tau Sigma was held at Barnett's Whitehouse. A lot of fun was had by all who attended. Another joint swim party is scheduled for February 27 at Howard Johnson's West. BY RICHARD KORITANSKY, VET. MED. II Alpha Psi will be electing new offic­ ers for 1965-66 on Monday, March 1. Winter quarter 1965 brought the brothers together again after an enjoy­ This year, Alpha Psi has made able and much needed Christmas vaca­ plans to have Senior Sendoff at the tion. First on this quarter's agenda was Columbus Plaza on May 22. A great the fraternity initiation of 34 pledges time is expected by all, especially the on Sunday, January 10. Dean Krill, seniors. Drs. Venzke, Horowitz, and Koestner We invite all alumni to stop in at the and several other faculty members house whenever possible. Also, we witnessed the initiation ceremonies. We would really like to encourage members all were glad to welcome the new broth­ of last year's class to drop us a letter ers into Alpha Psi Fraternity. informing us of their whereabouts and We are happy to say that since the how they are doing. last printing of The Speculum, both the football team and bowling team added trophies to the Alpha Psi collection. Each was runner-up in their champion­ ADVERTISERS INDEX ships of the Professional Division in­ AMCO 22 tramurals. At the present time, our basketball team is in the tournament Butler IBC playoffs. During the O.V.M.A. convention in Columbus Serum IFC Cincinnati, the Alpha Psi alumni asso­ Corvel 39 ciation met on January 31 for a lunch­ eon. The meeting was considered a Detroit Veterinary Supply 11 great success. Approval of the active Eaton OBC chapter's "110 Club" was gained. Many new alumni officers were elected, and Fromm 8 great enthusiasm for the future of the fraternity was generated. The only re­ Hill Packing Co 27 gretable feature was the resignation of Norden 9 Dr. Arch Priestly, who has so ably handled the alumni association's fin­ Pitman-Moore 18 ancial and managerial duties for the past several years. The void left by his West-Camp Press 30 resignation required the delegation of Upjohn 2

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