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General Knowledge Siddhartha Basu Preface Know for Sure—a series of eight general knowledge books for students of classes 1 to 8—has been a carefully and has earned the trust of many for providing detailed and accurate information on a wide range of subjects. between knowing more and being sure of what we learn is by getting to the primary source of facts or by cross- checking these with sound references. Know for Sure has been doing this since its beginning while continuously updating itself to keep pace with this age of information boom. This year, the series has been thoroughly revised Know for Sure is not just a bunch of questions and answers or just another bundle of facts which have to be answers. It is about going beyond a few select subjects that are taught in schools. It is also about becoming more aware of the world around us. Therefore, this series has been designed as an extension of the recommendations of National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 2005 and is aimed at bringing alive general knowledge in the classroom with quizzes, games, facts, surveys, word craft, activities, life skills, brain-teasers, lifestyles, stories, handicrafts, group discussions about value systems, and a whole lot more that can excite, engage, and educate a young mind. The perspective of the series—India and the World—is aimed at kindling an all-round interest in subjects both familiar and unknown. While systematically dealing with subjects and areas recommended for learning, these books not only make quizzing fun and fascinating but also encourage learners to discover more. The completely revised and updated Know for Sure, based on valuable feedback received from students, teachers, and principals of schools, is ready to provide an exciting knowledge tour with Knowy, the curious caterpillar. Key features of the Know for Sure, 2019 edition: • Diverse and authentic content • Gradation of topics to provide various levels of challenge • Simple language and colourful illustrations to enhance the joy of learning • • • Introduction to the wonders of nature to create environmental awareness • • Challenging quizzes and brain- teasers to sharpen logical abilities of learners • Unusual and interesting bits of information to add new dimensions to the topics • Model test papers to help learners reinforce their knowledge • Complete answer key at the end of each book to encourage self-evaluation With the hope that the Know for Sure series will enthuse you, we look forward to any suggestions that you may have to improve it. You may email the publisher at [email protected]. — Siddhartha Basu The Natural World Things Around Me Numbers and Logical Skills Science and Technology Language and Literature, Legends, and Myths Arts and Music Sports The World Around Us Mixed Bag Acknowledgements Front cover: (Siddhartha Basu): © Nitin Upadhye; Front and back cover, title page: (Mount Everest from Kala Patthar): © Daniel Prudek/Shutterstock.com. Photos: pp. 4 & 15 (Pegasus): © Christos Georghiou/Dreamstime.com; pp. 4 & 43 (emperor penguin): © Vladimir Seliverstov/Dreamstime.com; pp. 4 & 49 (Mars): © Iulius Costache/Dreamstime.com; pp. 5 & 7 (pyramids at Giza): © Javarman/Dreamstime.com; p. 7 (Tokyo): © Sean Pavone/Dreamstime.com, (Egypt): © Javarman/Dreamstime.com, (Moscow): © Igor Kharlamov/Dreamstime.com, (Buenos Aires): © Achim Baqué/Dreamstime.com, (New York City): © Sean Pavone/Dreamstime.com, (Sao Paulo): © Alexandre Fagundes De Fagundes/Dreamstime.com, (Shanghai): © Amy Harris/Dreamstime.com, (Mumbai): © Maharaj Khazanchi/Dreamstime.com, (Jakarta): © Hywit Dimyadi/Dreamstime.com, (Seoul): © Jackmalipan/Dreamstime.com, (Dhaka): © Skilleddesigner/Dreamstime.com, (Istanbul): © Peter Zaharov/Dreamstime.com; p. 8 (Arctic fox): © Photos.com/Thinkstock, (hippopotamus): © Pichugin Dmitry/Shutterstock.com, (poison dart frog): © John Arnold/Dreamstime.com, (frill lizard): © Kira Kaplinski/Dreamstime.com, (Burmese python): © Heiko Kiera/Fotolia; p. 9 (Ayurveda): © Nila Newsom/Dreamstime.com, (Wayang Puppet Theatre): © Rene Drouyer/Dreamstime.com, (Louvre Museum): © Ixuskmitl/Dreamstime.com; p. 10 (Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit): Spaarnestad Photo/Dutch National Archives/Ron Kroon (CC BY-SA 3.0 NL), (Benjamin Franklin): Library of Congress, Reproduction Number-LC-USZ62-25564, (William Wordsworth): © Photos. com/Thinkstock, (Rabindranath Tagore): Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., (Albert Einstein): Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.; p. 11 (Abraham Lincoln): Library of Congress, (Digital File Number: cph.3a53289), (Martin Luther King, Jr): Library of Congress, New York World-Telegram & Sun Collection, Reproduction no. LC-USZ62-126558, (Helen Keller): Library of Congress, George Grantham Bain Collection; pp. 11 & 93 (George Buckingham Palace): © Waiheng/Dreamstime.com, (The Nymphenburg Palace): © Tomas Marek/Dreamstime.com; p. 13 (Palace of Versailles): © Francois Guillot/AFP/Getty Images, (Castle Kronborg): © rusty426/ Shutterstock.com, (Great Kremlin Palace): © Svic/Shutterstock.com, (Neuschwanstein Castle): Library of Congress, (Windsor Castle): © Kmiragaya/Shutterstock.com; p. 14 (basilisk): © Kuco/Dreamstime.com, bronze.jpg: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en), (phoenix): © Christos Georghiou/Dreamstime.com, (centaur): © Gors4730/Dreamstime.com, (werewolf): © breakermaximus/Dreamstime. com; p. 16 (Katrina Kaif): © www.bollywoodhungama.com (Katrina Kaif 2011.jpg: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en), (Salman Khan): © www.bollywoodhungama.com (Salman Khan BSE11. jpg: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en), (Rajnikanth): © www.bollywoodhungama.com (Kochadaiiyaan Rajini.jpg: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en), (Rekha): © www. bollywoodhungama.com (REKHA.jpg: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en), (Ajay Devgan): © www.bollywoodhungama.com (Ajay Devgn.jpg: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ deed.en), (Tabu): © www.bollywoodhungama.com (Tabu 2012.jpg: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en), (John Abraham): © www.bollywoodhungama.com (John promotes ‘I, Me Aur Main’ with coffee date.jpg: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en), (Jackie Shroff): © www.bollywoodhungama.com (JackieShroff.jpg: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en), (Govinda): © www.bollywoodhungama.com (Govinda.jpg: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en), (Tiger Shroff): © www.bollywoodhungama.com (Tiger Shroff.jpg: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0/deed.en); pp. 16 & 51 (Akshay Kumar): © www.bollywoodhungama.com (Akshay-Kumar.jpg: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en); pp. 16 & 65 (Dilip Kumar): © www.bollywoodhun- gama.com (DilipKumar.jpg: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en); p. 17 (The Golden Hind): © Christine Matthews (The Golden Hind Museum Ship, Brixham Harbour, Devon, taken 1968 - geo- graph.org.uk - 738581.jpg: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/deed.en), (The Victory): Library of Congress, Reproduction Number-LC-DIG-ppmsc-08801, (The Savannah): © Boston Public Library/ Bundesarchiv, Bild 193-04-1-26 (Bundesarchiv Bild 193-04-1-26, Schlachtschiff Bismarck.jpg: CC BY-SA 3.0); p. 18 (Christopher Columbus): © Photos.com/Thinkstock, (Marco Polo): © Lotho2 (Marco-polo-hanbury. JPG: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en); pp. 18 & 93 (Ferdinand Magellan): Library of Congress, Reproduction Number-LC-USZ62-30424; p. 19 (Amerigo Vespucci): Library of Congress, (Sir Francis Drake): Paul Sherman/Public domain, (Hernando Cortés): © Photos.com/Jupiterimages; p. 20 (Gangotri): © Atarax42 (Gaumukh Gangotri glacier.jpg: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0), © Xavier Marchant/Shutterstock.com, (Grand Canyon): © Bryant Jayme/Shutterstock.com, (Cotopaxi): © Gerard Prins (Cotopaxi volcano 2008-06-27T1322.jpg: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0), (Atacama): © Tifonimages/Shutterstock.com, (stalactite): © Jaan-Martin kuusmann/Shutterstock.com, (Lake Titicaca): © Joel Blit/Shutterstock.com, (Giant’s Causeway): © Sebd (Giants-causeway-in-ireland.jpg: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/deed.en); p. 22 (CV Raman): © AshLin (CV Raman bust BITM.JPG: CC BY-SA 3.0), (Venkatraman Radhakrishnan): © Prolineserver (Nobel Prize 2009-Press Conference KVA-08.jpg: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en), (JC Bose): © AshLin (JC Bose bust BITM.JPG: CC BY-SA 3.0), (Vikram Sarabhai): NASA, (APJ Abdul Kalam): © Lijesh K (A. P. J. creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0), (Bhils): © LR Burdak (Bhil tribe girls in Jhabua.jpg: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0); p. 26 (resurrection fern): © Philip Hutson/Alamy, (mistletoe): © David Monniaux (Mistletoe P1210829.jpg: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0), (saguaro): © zschnepf/Shutterstock.com, (water hyacinth): © Bluerain/Shutterstock.com, (mangroves): © Dr. Morley com; p. 28 (Isabel Allende): © Jroses (ISABEL ALLENDE.JPG: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en), (Count Basie): From Rhythm and Blues Revue, Studio Films Inc., (Fanny Elssler): Josef Kriehuber/public domain, (glass pyramid at Louvre museum): © Astormfr/Dreamstime.com; pp. 28 & 93 (Birju Maharaj): © Sudhanwa (Pandit Birju Maharaj.jpg: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ deed.en); p. 29 (James Brown): © Ramzi Haidar—AFP/Getty Images, (Pablo Picasso): Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., (William Shakespeare): © Photos.com/Thinkstock, (Elvis Presley): Library of Congress/ © Pklimenko/Dreamstime.com; p. 33 (panda): © Hupeng/Dreamstime.com, (kakapo): © Ross Henry/Dreamstime.com,
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