Diplomarbeit

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Diplomarbeit View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by OTHES DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit „Semiotische Individualisierungspraktiken konzeptionalisiert im Hip Hop“ Eine Gegenkultur in der Moderne. Verfasser Alexander Biegenzahn Angestrebter akademischer Grad Magister der Philosophie (Mag. phil) Wien, im Juli 2009 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 301 295 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Publizistik und Kommunikationswissenschaft + Gewählte Fächer statt 2. Studienrichtung Betreuerin / Betreuer: Univ. Prof. Dr. Thomas Alfred Bauer Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Einleitung...................................................................................................................4 2. Hip Hop – So May I Introduce To You….............................................................13 2.1. Der akademische Diskurs über Hip Hop ............................................................15 2.2.1. Visualität im Hip Hop ..................................................................................22 2.2.2. Tanz mit Hip Hop.........................................................................................24 2.2.3. Musik für Hip Hop .......................................................................................27 2.2.4. Sprache durch Hip Hop ................................................................................30 3. Lesearten der Begrifflichkeiten .............................................................................34 3.1. Definitionsversuch des Begriffes Hip Hop.........................................................34 3.1.1. Hip Hop als hybrid – diskursive Kultur .......................................................35 3.1.1.1. Der Kulturbegriff ...................................................................................35 3.1.1.2. Die Hybridität.........................................................................................43 3.1.1.3. Die Diskursivität ....................................................................................46 3.1.2. Die Adjektiva des Hip Hops ............................................................................49 3.1.2.1. Performativität........................................................................................49 3.1.2.2. Theatralität .............................................................................................53 3.1.2.3. Wertkonservativität................................................................................58 3.1.3. Hip Hop zwischen Lokalität und Globalität.................................................63 3.2 Definitionsversuch des Begriffes Individualismus..............................................70 3.2.1. Facettenreichtum im Individualismus ..........................................................76 3.2.2. Individualismus zwischen Subjekt und Gesellschaft ...................................88 3.2.3. Abwege des Individualismus........................................................................94 3.3. Semiotischer Individualismus der Moderne im Hip Hop ...................................99 4. Empirie...................................................................................................................111 4.1. Forschungsfragen..............................................................................................114 4.2. Forschungsmethodik.........................................................................................115 4.3. Datenerhebung..................................................................................................119 4.3.1. Kategorisierung ..........................................................................................120 4.3.2. Sample........................................................................................................121 4.4. Codierung..........................................................................................................122 4.5. Auswertung.......................................................................................................152 4.5.1. Forschungsfrage 1 ......................................................................................153 4.5.2. Forschungsfrage 2 ......................................................................................159 4.5.3. Forschungsfrage 3 ......................................................................................166 4.6. Konklusion........................................................................................................170 5. Resümee .................................................................................................................172 6. Bibliografie ............................................................................................................174 7. Appendix................................................................................................................183 7.1. Abstract.............................................................................................................213 7.2. Lebenslauf.........................................................................................................215 4 1. Einleitung Individualismus und Hip Hop sind Ausdruck ihrer Zeit und ihres Raumes. In einem mühsamen und steinigen Prozess errungen ist deren gesellschaftlicher Aufstieg einzig- artig und die Aufhebung beider aus dem gesellschaftlichen Bewusstsein nicht mehr wünschenswert. Die Befreiung des Subjekts von traditionellen Vorstellungen und Denkweisen, in der gesellschaftliche Mischmaschinen zementierte Strukturen anrüh- ren, sowie von festgefahrenen Konventionen, Regeln und Normen sind essentielle Be- standteile im jeweiligen Wertesystem. Die Bevormundung von sozioökonomischen Determinanten, dem Staat und die Kirche sowie die Knebelungskontrakte gesellschaft- licher Natur durch Politik und Industrie stehen bei beiden zur offenen Disposition. Ein zentraler Konnex zwischen Individualismus und Hip Hop besteht daher in der Leistung des Strebens nach individueller Freiheit und Unabhängigkeit durch Selbstbestimmung und Neuerschaffung. Damit ist aber auch eine große Herausforderung verbunden. „Wer die Welt und Mensch neu imaginieren will, muss über die Möglichkeit der Eingebung verfügen, d.h. er muss die Vorstellung haben, die Darstellung und Präsentation verändern, nur so können die Kernmetaphern als ebenso bildspendende wie Anverwandlung auslösende Modelle verschoben wer- den.“ 1 Gebotene soziale und strukturelle Umstände der Moderne potenzierten die Möglichkei- ten der positiven Entwicklungstendenzen des Individualismus und Hip Hops. Soziale Entraditionalisierung und globale Dezentralisierung generieren Bedingungen, in denen das erlebende Subjekt mit gesteigerten Anforderungen an sich selbst konfrontiert ist. Das konzeptionalisierte Selbstbild als extern repräsentiertes Referenzsystem stellt den wesentlichen dynamischen Dreh- und Angelpunkt im modernen Leben dar. Allein schon die moralische Instanz der omnipräsenten Werbung zeigt den Ansatz sich per- manent gut verkaufen zu müssen. 1 Kimminich, Eva (2007): Express Yourself! Europas kulturelle Kreativität zwischen Markt und Under- ground. Bielefeld. S. 9. 5 Die penetrierte Inszenierungspraxis der Moderne ist eine weitere Parallele des Indivi- dualismus und Hip Hops, die als Motor für den Wandel, Umschwung und Erneuerung fungieren kann. Das nötige Gedankengut dazu findet seine Grundlage aber immer noch in revolutionären Ansätzen. „Der revolutionäre Wille geht absichtlich auf Zerstörung von Inhalt und Form. Er will nicht das Alte. Er will ein Neues, in der Meinung und Überzeugung, dass dieses Neue das Bessere, Richtigere, heilsa- mere, Zweckmäßigere sei, und will diese Eigenschaften durch den Erfolg beweisen.“ 2 Neben den Veränderungen der gesellschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen, in denen sich der Mensch selbst als Subjekt erkennen, behaupten und konzeptionalisieren muss, bie- tet die hybersymbolisierte Umwelt in hegemonialen Kulturen eine breite Auswahl an Inszenierungswerkzeugen. Das alltägliche Leben ist bestimmt von Zeichen und der Umgang mit dem Leben gestaltet sich eigentlich zeichenimprägniert. Bewusst oder unbewusst wahrgenommen konstituieren sich die Gestalt, Funktionalität und Ästhetik der modernen Umwelt größtenteils über Zeichen. Symbolische Inszenierungen schei- nen überall vorhanden zu sein, wohin sich auch gedreht oder gewendet wird. Dabei hat sich das Inszenierungsfeld längst von der eigentlich ursprünglichen Bühne der Künste entfernt und beschäftigt mittlerweile alle Bereiche der menschlichen Welt, von der Politik zur Werbung bis hin zu der Unterhaltungsbranche. Letztlich auch die Wissen- schaft, besonders mit der Integration moderner Medien. Gerade unter diesem Aspekt wird die Forschungsdisziplin der Semiotik 3 umso relevanter. 2 Tönnies, Ferdinand (1935): Der Geist der Neuzeit. Leipzig. S. 86 – 87. 3 Semiotik. Die Lehre der Zeichen. Wissenschaftliche Teildisziplin, die mit Zeichen und über Zeichen handelt. Befasst sich mit dem Zeichen als Gesamtes, mit der Zeichenbedeutung und dem Kontext, in- dem es entsteht. Nicht nur der Inhalt oder der festgemachten Sinn werden untersucht, dies wäre eher der Semantik zuzuordnen, sondern auch das System von Anwendungsregeln, die Inhalte vermitteln, und die Kontexte, welche Inhalte kreieren, gehören zum Forschungsinteresse. Der Vorgang der Zeichenbildung wird Zeichenprozess oder Semiose genannt. Beheimatet ist die Semiotik interdisziplinär. Sie ist Rüst- zeug für die Kommunikationswissenschaft, die Linguistik, Philosophie, Anthropologie,
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