DOCSLIB.ORG

The TSO Chorus Remembers

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The TSO Chorus Remembers The TSO Chorus remembers ANZAC stories related by June Tyzack, TSO Chorus Master PART ONE The Trip of a Lifetime From Mathinna to the Somme (via the Tower of London) I spent a lot of time with my Nan. She was a great story teller and I never tired of hearing about her teen years at Mathinna. The most memorable stories involved rabbits, floods, milking the cows, delivering the milk by horse and cart and then walking umpteen miles to school, the bull that gored her brother to death, and the Tyne River murder mystery, but never any war stories. She was the ninth child in a family of ten children which included two sets of twins and I shared a birth date with Auntie Dot and Uncle Ern. My memories of Uncle Ern and his younger brother, my Uncle Eric, stem from when they were living in Victoria. Uncle Ern had a little dog, but my recollection of Uncle Eric, the baby of the family, is far more comprehensive. He was so distinctively suave looking, with a manicured moustache and taller than the rest of the family, and he was an amazing ‘play anything-by- ear’ pianist with his very own grand piano! Uncle Ern - Ernest Lionel Whittle - was the only one of the five boys to go to war. Nan was sixteen and he was just shy of 22 when he enlisted. His journey from farmer to soldier began in October 1916 - from the Tyne River at Mathinna to Perham Downs training camp in Salisbury, England. Sapper Whittle was deployed to the infamous Hill 60 in the Ypres area of Belgium as part of the 1st Australian Tunnelling Company of the 92nd Infantry. The TSO Chorus remembers The ‘Second Battle of Ypres’ (1915) is historically significant as it was the first time poisonous gas was used in warfare. Three years later, on Wednesday, 20th March, just prior to the ‘Fourth Battle of Ypres’, Sapper Whittle was gassed: Mustard Gas1. It was his first eight hour shift ‘up the lines’. Although his Military Record classifies his injuries as severe, Uncle Ern makes little of it in his notebook, rather providing an itinerary of travel arrangements and ‘accommodation’. He left the dugout the morning after he was gassed and walked three miles to Ypres for dressing, was treated at “Dicky Bush”2, ambulanced to the 2nd Canadian Casualty Clearing Station and then entrained to the 54th London General Hospital at Wimereux, a coastal town in northern France. Eleven days after the attack he was on a ship bound for “Blighty”. In England he marched, trained and motored between Clandon Park Hospital 3 and the No.3 Australian Auxiliary Hospital in Dartford. From Dartford he transferred to Hurdcott Camp near Fovant in South West England, but not before relieving the ‘blues’ with a visit to the Tower of London. (I read, that included in the items for sale when Hurdcott Camp was demolished, were five pianos, six billiards tables and hundreds of cricket bats.) He was later transferred to Sutton Veny, a concentration area for troops going to or from France. It was here that the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic claimed the lives of over 150 Australians but Uncle Ern survived this particular killing field. Within five months of his father in Mathinna receiving advice that his son had been wounded, Sapper Whittle was back in France, on duty in the Somme. From Le Havre he moved through Pernois, Amiens, La Neuville, Bray-en- Somme to Maricourt where he camped in ‘death trap gully’ before working on the railway line through Cartigny to Lincourt, and finishing at Roisel. Here he witnessed ‘two of Jerries planes down in flames by gun fire”. As part of the ‘Hundred Days Offensive’ which ultimately pushed the Germans out of France and led to the end of World War 1, Uncle Ern notes that on the 18th September the big offensive started with five hours of bombardment and over 3,500 prisoners being escorted to the Cartigny Depot. This ‘Battle of Epehy’4 was followed by the ‘Battle of St Quentin Canal’ 5. Now stationed in Busigny, Uncle writes that “on September 29th at The TSO Chorus remembers 5.45am the stunt commenced with four hours bombardment.6 On the 1st October the Huns planes dropped 6 bombs on the camp killing 3 men and wounding 10 severely.” A total break in the Hindenburg Line was achieved by October 10th and Uncle Ern opted for a week’s spell!! Travelling from Busigny to Felleries and then marching 12 miles north-east, Sapper Whittle crossed the Belgian border, and this is where his Notebook entries cease. The last pages are filled with riddles, such as: Why do girls like looking at the Moon? Because there is a man in it. What grows bigger the more you take from it? A hole. He returned to Australia aboard the Aeneas, disembarking on the 12th July 1919. The TSO Chorus remembers Embroidered postcards from WW1 are generally known as "WW1 Silks". They were first produced in 1914 through 1918.The cards were hand embroidered on strips of silk mesh. They were mostly produced by French and Belgian women refugees who worked in their homes and refugee camps, and then sent the finished strips to factories for cutting and mounting on postcards. Because of their beauty and uniqueness, the WW1 Silks were wildly popular with British and American servicemen on duty in France. From http://www.ww1- propaganda-cards.com/silks.html 1 Mustard Gas (Yperite); “…one of the most lethal of all the poisonous chemicals used during the war. It was almost odourless and took twelve hours to take effect. Yperite was so powerful that only small amounts had to be added to high explosive shells to be effective. Once in the soil, mustard gas remained active for several weeks. The skin of victims of mustard gas blistered, the eyes became very sore and they began to vomit. Mustard gas caused internal and external bleeding and attacked the bronchial tubes, stripping off the mucous membrane. This was extremely painful and most soldiers had to be strapped to their beds. It usually took a person four or five weeks to die of mustard gas poisoning. One nurse, Vera Brittain, wrote in her autobiography, Testament of Youth (1933): "I wish those people who talk about going on with this war whatever it costs could see the soldiers suffering from mustard gas poisoning. Great mustard-coloured blisters, blind eyes, all sticky and stuck together, always fighting for breath, with voices a mere whisper, saying that their throats are closing and they know they will choke." From http://spartacus- educational.com/FWWmustard.htm 2 Dickie Bush A camp situated between Ouderdom and Dickebusch in the Ypres Salient behind the front lines. In the years 1915-1917 Dickebusch (now Dikkebus) had one of the largest concentrations of troops. 3 West Clandon, Guildford, Surrey Clandon Park is one of England’s most complete examples of a Palladian mansion. It was built by a Venetian architect for Lord Onslow in the 1720s. In 1914 Clandon became an Auxiliary Military Hospital remaining open until April 1919 in order to treat victims of the The TSO Chorus remembers Spanish flu epidemic. There were 5059 admissions, and 747 operations were conducted in the operating theatre which had been Lord Onslow’s dressing room. 4 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_%C3%89pehyhy 5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_St._Quentin_Canal 6 Wikipedia: On 29 September, the Australian Corps attacked, this time with the addition of two American divisions from the American II Corps … supported by approximately 150 tanks of the 4th and 5th Tank Brigades … The US divisions launched the initial attack, with the Australian 3rd and 5th Divisions intended to "leapfrog" through the American forces.” 1 Wilfred Owen, Dulce et Decorum est As under a green sea, I saw him (1917) drowning. Bent double, like old beggars under In all my dreams, before my helpless sacks, sight, Knock-kneed, coughing like hags, we He plunges at me, guttering, choking, cursed through sludge, drowning. Till on the haunting flares we turned our If in some smothering dreams, you too backs, could pace And towards our distant rest began to Behind the wagon that we flung him in. trudge. And watch the white eyes writhing in his Men marched asleep. Many had lost their face, boots, His hanging face, like a devil's sick of sin; But limped on, blood-shod. All went If you could hear, at every jolt, the blood lame, all blind; Come gargling from the froth-corrupted Drunk with fatigue; deaf even to the hoots lungs, Of gas-shells dropping softly behind. Obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud Gas! Gas! Quick, boys! An ecstasy of Of vile, incurable sores on innocent fumbling, tongues, Fitting the clumsy helmets just in time, My friend, you would not tell with such But someone still was yelling out and high zest stumbling To children ardent for some desperate And floundering like a man in fire or lime. glory, Dim through the misty panes and thick The old Lie: Dulce et decorum est green light, Pro patria mori. The TSO Chorus remembers PART TWO Eight Arms for the War; Seven for the Farm My Nan married my Pop in 1925. He was the eighth child of twelve from one of the Alexander families living at Table Cape near Wynyard, and his ten cousins from the other Alexander family included Frederick Matthias Alexander, founder of the Alexander Technique. My childhood memories clearly separate the Alexander great aunts and uncles from the Whittle’s: there was much laughter and celebration and warmth within Nan’s family whereas I found the Alexanders quite strange and frightening.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Night Operation on the Passchendaele Ridge, 2Nd December 1917
    Centre for First World War Studies A Moonlight Massacre: The Night Operation on the Passchendaele Ridge, 2nd December 1917 by Michael Stephen LoCicero Thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY School of History and Cultures College of Arts & Law June 2011 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract The Third Battle of Ypres was officially terminated by Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig with the opening of the Battle of Cambrai on 20 November 1917. Nevertheless, a comparatively unknown set-piece attack – the only large-scale night operation carried out on the Flanders front during the campaign – was launched twelve days later on 2 December. This thesis, a necessary corrective to published campaign narratives of what has become popularly known as „Passchendaele‟, examines the course of events from the mid-November decision to sanction further offensive activity in the vicinity of Passchendaele village to the barren operational outcome that forced British GHQ to halt the attack within ten hours of Zero. A litany of unfortunate decisions and circumstances contributed to the profitless result.
    [Show full text]
  • Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1891-1957, Record Group 85 New Orleans, Louisiana Crew Lists of Vessels Arriving at New Orleans, LA, 1910-1945
    Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1891-1957, Record Group 85 New Orleans, Louisiana Crew Lists of Vessels Arriving at New Orleans, LA, 1910-1945. T939. 311 rolls. (~A complete list of rolls has been added.) Roll Volumes Dates 1 1-3 January-June, 1910 2 4-5 July-October, 1910 3 6-7 November, 1910-February, 1911 4 8-9 March-June, 1911 5 10-11 July-October, 1911 6 12-13 November, 1911-February, 1912 7 14-15 March-June, 1912 8 16-17 July-October, 1912 9 18-19 November, 1912-February, 1913 10 20-21 March-June, 1913 11 22-23 July-October, 1913 12 24-25 November, 1913-February, 1914 13 26 March-April, 1914 14 27 May-June, 1914 15 28-29 July-October, 1914 16 30-31 November, 1914-February, 1915 17 32 March-April, 1915 18 33 May-June, 1915 19 34-35 July-October, 1915 20 36-37 November, 1915-February, 1916 21 38-39 March-June, 1916 22 40-41 July-October, 1916 23 42-43 November, 1916-February, 1917 24 44 March-April, 1917 25 45 May-June, 1917 26 46 July-August, 1917 27 47 September-October, 1917 28 48 November-December, 1917 29 49-50 Jan. 1-Mar. 15, 1918 30 51-53 Mar. 16-Apr. 30, 1918 31 56-59 June 1-Aug. 15, 1918 32 60-64 Aug. 16-0ct. 31, 1918 33 65-69 Nov. 1', 1918-Jan. 15, 1919 34 70-73 Jan. 16-Mar. 31, 1919 35 74-77 April-May, 1919 36 78-79 June-July, 1919 37 80-81 August-September, 1919 38 82-83 October-November, 1919 39 84-85 December, 1919-January, 1920 40 86-87 February-March, 1920 41 88-89 April-May, 1920 42 90 June, 1920 43 91 July, 1920 44 92 August, 1920 45 93 September, 1920 46 94 October, 1920 47 95-96 November, 1920 48 97-98 December, 1920 49 99-100 Jan.
    [Show full text]
  • American Armies and Battlefields in Europe
    Chapter v1 THE AMERICAN BATTLEFIELDS NORTH OF PARIS chapter gives brief accounts of areas and to all of the American ceme- all American fighting whi ch oc- teries and monuments. This route is Thiscurred on the battle front north of recommended for those who desire to Paris and complete information concern- make an extended automobile tour in the ing the American military cemeteries and region. Starting from Paris, it can be monuments in that general region. The completely covered in four days, allowing military operations which are treated are plenty of time to stop on the way. those of the American lst, 27th, 30th, The accounts of the different operations 33d, 37th, 80th and 91st Divisions and and the descriptions of the American the 6th and 11 th Engineer Regiments. cemeteries and monuments are given in Because of the great distances apart of the order they are reached when following So uthern Encr ance to cb e St. Quentin Can al Tunnel, Near Bellicourc, October 1, 1918 the areas where this fighting occurred no the suggested route. For tbis reason they itinerary is given. Every operation is do not appear in chronological order. described, however, by a brief account Many American units otber tban those illustrated by a sketch. The account and mentioned in this chapter, sucb as avia- sketch together give sufficient information tion, tank, medical, engineer and infantry, to enable the tourist to plan a trip through served behind this part of the front. Their any particular American combat area. services have not been recorded, however, The general map on the next page as the space limitations of tbis chapter indicates a route wbich takes the tourist required that it be limited to those Amer- either int o or cl ose to all of tbese combat ican organizations which actually engaged (371) 372 THE AMERICAN B ATTLEFIELD S NO R TH O F PARIS Suggested Tour of American Battlefields North of Paris __ Miles Ghent ( î 37th and 91st Divisions, Ypres-Lys '"offensive, October 30-November 11, 1918 \ ( N \ 1 80th Division, Somme 1918 Albert 33d Division.
    [Show full text]
  • The Western Front the First World War Battlefield Guide: World War Battlefield First the the Westernthe Front
    Ed 2 June 2015 2 June Ed The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 1 The Western Front The First Battlefield War World Guide: The Western Front The Western Creative Media Design ADR003970 Edition 2 June 2015 The Somme Battlefield: Newfoundland Memorial Park at Beaumont Hamel Mike St. Maur Sheil/FieldsofBattle1418.org The Somme Battlefield: Lochnagar Crater. It was blown at 0728 hours on 1 July 1916. Mike St. Maur Sheil/FieldsofBattle1418.org The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 1 The Western Front 2nd Edition June 2015 ii | THE WESTERN FRONT OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR ISBN: 978-1-874346-45-6 First published in August 2014 by Creative Media Design, Army Headquarters, Andover. Printed by Earle & Ludlow through Williams Lea Ltd, Norwich. Revised and expanded second edition published in June 2015. Text Copyright © Mungo Melvin, Editor, and the Authors listed in the List of Contributors, 2014 & 2015. Sketch Maps Crown Copyright © UK MOD, 2014 & 2015. Images Copyright © Imperial War Museum (IWM), National Army Museum (NAM), Mike St. Maur Sheil/Fields of Battle 14-18, Barbara Taylor and others so captioned. No part of this publication, except for short quotations, may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the permission of the Editor and SO1 Commemoration, Army Headquarters, IDL 26, Blenheim Building, Marlborough Lines, Andover, Hampshire, SP11 8HJ. The First World War sketch maps have been produced by the Defence Geographic Centre (DGC), Joint Force Intelligence Group (JFIG), Ministry of Defence, Elmwood Avenue, Feltham, Middlesex, TW13 7AH. United Kingdom.
    [Show full text]
  • THE WESTERN FRONT World War
    INTRODUCTORY NOTES movement in their efforts to win. Also there is the opportunity to examine other aspects of life on the By 1907 Europe was divided into two armed camps Western Front which affected the life of the ordinary that involved all the major European powers, the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente. While the alliances soldier, such as living conditions, food, medical problems, army routine, discipline and humour. were meant to increase the security of each country, instead they ensured that a war that involved any of these powers would probably involve all of them. WAR PLANS Between the Anglo-French Cordiale of 1904 and the outbreak of war in 1914, there were a number of There had not been major war in Europe since 1870. Teacher's Notes crises in Morocco and the Balkans, any of which Much had changed since then. Population growth meant could have sparked a war. more men were available to be conscripted, industrial advancements meant armies could be equipped with It was the assassination of the Austrian heir to the more devastating weapons, railways meant armies could throne, the Archduke Franz Ferdinand on June 28, be more easily moved and supplied. Every army had a 1914, that finally ignited the European powder keg. general staff, whose job it was to ensure their nations THE WESTERN Following the declaration of war on Serbia by Austria- army was properly equipped and organised for war and to Hungary on July 28, 1914, the Russian Government prepare plans to cover the most likely scenario. ordered its army to mobilise.
    [Show full text]
  • Revolution in Real Time: the Russian Provisional Government, 1917
    ODUMUNC 2020 Crisis Brief Revolution in Real Time: The Russian Provisional Government, 1917 ODU Model United Nations Society Introduction seventy-four years later. The legacy of the Russian Revolution continues to be keenly felt The Russian Revolution began on 8 March 1917 to this day. with a series of public protests in Petrograd, then the Winter Capital of Russia. These protests But could it have gone differently? Historians lasted for eight days and eventually resulted in emphasize the contingency of events. Although the collapse of the Russian monarchy, the rule of history often seems inventible afterwards, it Tsar Nicholas II. The number of killed and always was anything but certain. Changes in injured in clashes with the police and policy choices, in the outcome of events, government troops in the initial uprising in different players and different accidents, lead to Petrograd is estimated around 1,300 people. surprising outcomes. Something like the Russian Revolution was extremely likely in 1917—the The collapse of the Romanov dynasty ushered a Romanov Dynasty was unable to cope with the tumultuous and violent series of events, enormous stresses facing the country—but the culminating in the Bolshevik Party’s seizure of revolution itself could have ended very control in November 1917 and creation of the differently. Soviet Union. The revolution saw some of the most dramatic and dangerous political events the Major questions surround the Provisional world has ever known. It would affect much Government that struggled to manage the chaos more than Russia and the ethnic republics Russia after the Tsar’s abdication.
    [Show full text]
  • World War I Timeline C
    6.2.1 World War I Timeline c June 28, 1914 Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophia are killed by Serbian nationalists. July 26, 1914 Austria declares war on Serbia. Russia, an ally of Serbia, prepares to enter the war. July 29, 1914 Austria invades Serbia. August 1, 1914 Germany declares war on Russia. August 3, 1914 Germany declares war on France. August 4, 1914 German army invades neutral Belgium on its way to attack France. Great Britain declares war on Germany. As a colony of Britain, Canada is now at war. Prime Minister Robert Borden calls for a supreme national effort to support Britain, and offers assistance. Canadians rush to enlist in the military. August 6, 1914 Austria declares war on Russia. August 12, 1914 France and Britain declare war on Austria. October 1, 1914 The first Canadian troops leave to be trained in Britain. October – November 1914 First Battle of Ypres, France. Germany fails to reach the English Channel. 1914 – 1917 The two huge armies are deadlocked along a 600-mile front of Deadlock and growing trenches in Belgium and France. For four years, there is little change. death tolls Attack after attack fails to cross enemy lines, and the toll in human lives grows rapidly. Both sides seek help from other allies. By 1917, every continent and all the oceans of the world are involved in this war. February 1915 The first Canadian soldiers land in France to fight alongside British troops. April - May 1915 The Second Battle of Ypres. Germans use poison gas and break a hole through the long line of Allied trenches.
    [Show full text]
  • THE WRITINGS of BRITISH CONSCRIPT SOLDIERS, 1916-1918 Ilana Ruth Bet-El Submitted for the Degree of Ph
    EXPERIENCE INTO IDENTITY: THE WRITINGS OF BRITISH CONSCRIPT SOLDIERS, 1916-1918 Ilana Ruth Bet-El Submitted for the degree of PhD University College London AB STRACT Between January 1916 and March 1919 2,504,183 men were conscripted into the British army -- representing as such over half the wartime enlistments. Yet to date, the conscripts and their contribution to the Great War have not been acknowledged or studied. This is mainly due to the image of the war in England, which is focused upon the heroic plight of the volunteer soldiers on the Western Front. Historiography, literary studies and popular culture all evoke this image, which is based largely upon the volumes of poems and memoirs written by young volunteer officers, of middle and upper class background, such as Wilfred Owen and Siegfried Sassoon. But the British wartime army was not a society of poets and authors who knew how to distil experience into words; nor, as mentioned, were all the soldiers volunteers. This dissertation therefore attempts to explore the cultural identity of this unknown population through a collection of diaries, letters and unpublished accounts of some conscripts; and to do so with the aid of a novel methodological approach. In Part I the concept of this research is explained, as a qualitative examination of all the chosen writings, with emphasis upon eliciting the attitudes of the writers to the factual events they recount. Each text -- e.g. letter or diary -- was read literally, and also in light of the entire collection, thus allowing for the emergence of personal and collective narratives concurrently.
    [Show full text]
  • Passchendaele Archives
    Research workshop Passchendaele Archives This workshop is based on the "Passchendaele Archives", a project of the Memorial Museum Passchendaele 1917 that tries to give the many names in the cemeteries and monuments a story and a face. To make a visit to CWGC Tyne Cot Cemetery tangible for students, during this workshop they conduct their own research in the education room of the MMP1917 starting with a photo, name and date of death. They try to reconstruct and map what happened on the fatal day of “their” fallen soldier. After the workshop, students can find the grave or memorial of the soldier at CWGC Tyne Cot Cemetery. They now possess a personal story behind the endless rows of names, in the cemetery. This bundle provides practical information about this educational package that enriches a classroom visit to the museum and Tyne Cot Cemetery. Content of this information bundle: - Connection with curricula – p. 1 - Practical information – p. 2 - The research workshop – p. 3 - Personal records – p. 5 - In the area – p. 8 Connection with curricula: The Passchendaele Archives research workshop and the accompanying educational package mainly focus on the following subjects: • History, in particular WWI (theme) • English (source material) The content of this package is consistent with multiple history program curricula. It places personal stories related to WWI in a wider context as the full educational package interfaces with ideas, imperialism, norms and values that were present in the wider 19th and early 20th century British Empire. In addition, mathematics and geography skills are also used the workshop, giving it a multidisciplinary approach.
    [Show full text]
  • Identifying the Dead of Tyne Cot by Peter Hodgkinson
    The Western Front Association Stand To! No. 114 Identifying the Dead of Tyne Cot by Peter Hodgkinson The process of clearing the dead from the battlefields of the Western Front began on 18 November 1918, conducted by Labour Companies and Department of Grave Registration and Enquiries (DGR&E) personnel. It was a huge endeavour. By April 1919 over 18,000 men were engaged in the task and more were needed – between six and nine men were required to exhume a body, transport it and re–bury it in the cemeteries being constructed by the Imperial War Graves Commission. In August 1921, when 204,654 remains had been concentrated, the Army declared the task to be finished, and responsibility was transferred to the IWGC. The task, of course, was far from over – approximately 300,000 of the dead remained Searching the battlefields for human remains and isolated graves. Courtesy Ivan L Bawtree Collection, unaccounted for. Between 1921 and 1928, a © Jeremy Gordon–Smith, IWM Q100910 further 28,036 remains were recovered, with approximately 10,000 more up to 1937.(1) The process of exhumation was as follows.(2) knowing where to dig. Indeed, the IWGC noted A Survey Officer selected 500 yard squares to that: ‘Unless previously experienced men are Process and experience be searched, indicating to the Burial Officer employed … 80% of the bodies which remain There can be few battlefield tourists of the Great the anticipated number of remains based on to be picked up would never be found’.(5) War who have not visited Tyne Cot Cemetery. the records of DGR&E.
    [Show full text]
  • Download the Full Report
    H U M A N ON THEIR WATCH R I G H T S Evidence of Senior Army Officers’ Responsibility WATCH for False Positive Killings in Colombia On Their Watch Evidence of Senior Army Officers’ Responsibility for False Positive Killings in Colombia Copyright © 2015 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-6231-32507 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people worldwide. We scrupulously investigate abuses, expose the facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and secure justice. Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org JUNE 2015 978-1-6231-32507 On Their Watch Evidence of Senior Army Officers’ Responsibility for False Positive Killings in Colombia Map .................................................................................................................................... i Summary ........................................................................................................................... 1 Recommendations ...........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Forgotten Fronts the First World War Battlefield Guide: World War Battlefield First the the Forgotten Fronts Forgotten The
    Ed 1 Nov 2016 1 Nov Ed The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The Forgotten Fronts The First Battlefield War World Guide: The Forgotten Fronts Creative Media Design ADR005472 Edition 1 November 2016 THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | i The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The British Army Campaign Guide to the Forgotten Fronts of the First World War 1st Edition November 2016 Acknowledgement The publisher wishes to acknowledge the assistance of the following organisations in providing text, images, multimedia links and sketch maps for this volume: Defence Geographic Centre, Imperial War Museum, Army Historical Branch, Air Historical Branch, Army Records Society,National Portrait Gallery, Tank Museum, National Army Museum, Royal Green Jackets Museum,Shepard Trust, Royal Australian Navy, Australian Defence, Royal Artillery Historical Trust, National Archive, Canadian War Museum, National Archives of Canada, The Times, RAF Museum, Wikimedia Commons, USAF, US Library of Congress. The Cover Images Front Cover: (1) Wounded soldier of the 10th Battalion, Black Watch being carried out of a communication trench on the ‘Birdcage’ Line near Salonika, February 1916 © IWM; (2) The advance through Palestine and the Battle of Megiddo: A sergeant directs orders whilst standing on one of the wooden saddles of the Camel Transport Corps © IWM (3) Soldiers of the Royal Army Service Corps outside a Field Ambulance Station. © IWM Inside Front Cover: Helles Memorial, Gallipoli © Barbara Taylor Back Cover: ‘Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red’ at the Tower of London © Julia Gavin ii | THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | iii ISBN: 978-1-874346-46-3 First published in November 2016 by Creative Media Designs, Army Headquarters, Andover.
    [Show full text]