The Luanda to Ambaca Railway As a Pioneer Case of the Transfer of Technical Engineering Knowledge Overseas to Africa
The Luanda to Ambaca Railway as a pioneer case of the transfer of technical engineering knowledge overseas to Africa. Bruno J. Navarro Interuniversity Center of Science History and Technology On 31 October 1886, three years after construction work had started on the Tua Line, the official launch ceremony was held for the Luanda-Ambaca railway, the first inland railway that the Portuguese state planned in its vast overseas space. It was the culmination of a long process of reorganization of the Portuguese colonial empire, marked out between the independence of Brazil and the defining of an agenda for the promotion of the African provinces, due to the urgent necessity to promote effective occupation of those territories, just as they had been imposed, by the major European powers at the 1885 Berlin Conference. To politicians and especially the professional class of Portuguese engineers, the railway emerged as a prodigious symbol of modernity and development, an indispensible tool for strategic territorial ownership (of a region where lines of communication were practically inexistent). It was as well directed to its population, a systematic implementation of the Portuguese state’s administrative machinery, economic use of natural resources – in domestic and foreign trade – , agricultural and industrial revitalization, and above all, the affirmation of Portugal (a small country in peripheral Europe, but in the political center in extensive colonial rule) in the community of nations that disputed influence and power in Africa. The first stretch, with a distance of 45 km linking Luanda to Funda, was open to exploitation on 1 November 1888. The connection to Ambaca appeared to be, in the spirit of its ambitious mentors, the first stage (353 km) of a more extensive project, whose ultimate goal would be the link to the opposite shore of the continent in Mozambique, in the Zambezi region.
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