DOCSLIB.ORG

LR Premier Panel 2

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
LR Premier Panel 2 1919 1920 1921 1922 January Recruitment for 'Black and Tans' begins May 3 Temporary partition of January Irish War of Independence/ January 7 Anglo-Irish Treaty Northern Ireland Anglo-Irish War starts July Belfast shipyard expulsions of Catholics narrowly ratified in Dublin and 'disloyal Protestants' June 22 King George V opens first session Early Irish Volunteer Force reorganises June 1 Royal Ulster Constabulary of Northern Ireland parliament with others to form Irish Republican Army August Belfast trade boycott of British interests established July 8-11 End of Irish War of Independence/ June 28 Versailles Treaty marks official end of WWI October Ulster Special Constabulary established June 28 Irish Civil War begins Anglo-Irish War November 21 'Bloody Sunday' Dublin Ends in May 1923 December 6 Anglo-Irish Treaty signed in London Partition December 23 Government of Ireland Act 1920 Partition in Ireland: The Great Divide in Ireland: Partition Anglo Irish War/Irish War of Independence Mary Alice Young née Macnaghten Restoration of Order in Ireland Act, August 1920 Partition recollects on 1920: January 1919 to July 1921 ‘Politics were seething ... So, Westminster passed the Restoration of Order in Ireland Act, on Wednesday, 10 March, we of Ulster The Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) became Hundreds of workmen 1920 to control conflict across Ireland. Martial Law was Breaking of the Ulster Covenant of Ulster all went to Belfast for the most the primary target for the Irish Republican left the city and awful meeting I ever attended. declared in eight counties. Dáil Éireann was added to a list of The demands of the Ulster Army (IRA). On July 17, 1920 the murder of went to Dublin. It went on and on and we were banned organisations which included Sinn Féin and Cumann all desperately tired and Unionists had been conceded with RIC Divisional Commissioner Colonel Gerard WS Ref #: 971, Witness: Officer IV, 1914 na mBan. In Ballycastle the houses of Ada McNeill, cousin of BMH.WS0971. hungry when Sir Edward the exclusion of just six of the nine Smyth in County Cork added to sectarian Ronald McNeill, 1st Baron Cushendun and Roger Casement Antrim Carson asked for a show of counties of Ulster. The Irish Antrim tensions. His funeral in his hometown of hands on throwing overboard were reported as being raided by police forces. Armagh Unionist Alliance voiced the Armagh Banbridge led to a charged atmosphere BALLYCASTLE the counties of Donegal, Cavan BARRACKS RAIDED and Monaghan, because we concerns of Southern Unionists and Cavan resulting in attacks on suspected Sinn Down Policemen held up at revolver were afraid that they might point. Rifles, ammunition & The Government of Ireland Act 1920 those from the abandoned three Royal Irish Féiners. Belfast shipyards expelled Catholics grenades carried off. sink our little Ulster ship. I Clare Ulster counties. In County Cavan, Fermanagh Constabulary A sensational occurrence took place in have never heard such and ‘disloyal Protestants’, those that were Ballycastle on Sunday afternoon last, badge. when a party of Sinn Féiners, Ulster’s Prayer ‘Don’t Let Go!’ Irish political postcard depicting Monaghan and Donegal thousands Cork numbering close on twenty, made a impressive speeches as those Londonderry Courtesy of Coleraine Museum. identified with the Belfast Labour Party all nine counties of Ulster. raid on the police barracks and carried made by Lord Farnham and had signed the Ulster Covenant and off a number of rifles, ammunition, Photographic reproduction held in private collection. because of its alleged Sinn Féin sympathies. hand grenades, and Verey lights. Donegal Bob Maxwell. They had come organised into UVF divisions. Many Tyrone Courtesy of Ballymoney Free Press September 2nd, 1920. from France, where our Ulster volunteers became part of the 36th Down Battalion had been reinforced Carlow Dublin Foundation of a Legacy from these three counties, and, Ulster Division commanded by Cavan while the men out there were Major General Nugent from Mount Fermanagh Lloyd George appointed the Irish Committee in October fighting and dying for King and Nugent, County Cavan. Clare 1919 to draft new measures for Irish Home Rule: The Country, we were throwing Galway down their homes. Mr Moles Cork Government of Ireland Act. It recommended initially that was the chief opposition, with Kerry nine counties of Ulster form a separate jurisdiction his confounded statistics. Donegal Kildare controlled by a Belfast parliament and the remaining The result was to me and Dublin twenty-three controlled by Dublin. Partition was at this many others a dishonourable business. To throw over those Kilkenny Suspects being brought into Bandon Barracks Cyclists of Royal Irish Constabulary and 1st stage introduced as a short-term measure, nine counties First Ulster Cabinet in 1921 Galway Cork after a round up, possibly following Battalion Essex regiment preparing three counties on a show of From L to R: King’s County (Laois) the murder of Sergeant William Mulhern of for a joint patrol. were proposed as this was thought to make future hands was surely lacking in Kerry Sir Richard Dawson Bates, Minister for Home Affairs; the Royal Irish Constabulary in July 1920. Photographer unknown. © IWM (Q71699) reunification straightforward. Ulster Unionist leaders dignity and consideration and Photographer unknown. © IWM (Q71694) Leitrim were opposed to this and stated that they would resist so puzzling was it, that James Charles Stewart Henry Vane-Tempest-Stewart, Kildare G Leslie sitting beside me said, 7th Marquess of Londonderry, Secretary of State for Air; Limerick the bill under these terms. They negotiated the Kilkenny In Lisburn on August 22, 1920 the IRA murdered District Inspector Oswald Swanzy for “By Jove, Farnham won it”. Sir James Craig, 1st Viscount Craigavon, exclusion of just six of the historic nine Ulster counties. He hadn’t and I am sure the Prime Minister of Northern Ireland; Londonderry his involvement in the murder of the Lord Mayor of Cork Tomas Mac Curtain. DI Swanzy Burning of the Custom House (after Laois majority was strongly for had been transferred from Cork to Lisburn where his death led to hundreds of Hugh MacDowell Pollock, Minister of Finance; the fire) Dublin by IRA in an attempt Longford Moles, but we all left that to disrupt British Rule. The fire which Leitrim The Ulster Specials Sir Edward Mervyn Archdale, suspected Nationalists being driven out. meeting feeling miserable, started on 25 May, 1921, blazed for Minister of Agriculture and Commerce; Louth like traitors.' 5 days and destroyed centuries of Limerick The Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) John Miller Andrews, Minister of Labour. Local Government records. Mayo was revived by the Ulster The Recollections of Mary Alice Young née Macnaghten ©National Portrait Gallery Photographer W.D. Horgan. Courtesy of NLI. Longford UVF Armband UVF Badge (1867-1946) of Dundarave and Galgorm County Antrim. By Dr Eull Dunlop. Unionist Council in June 1920, in Courtesy of Courtesy of Meath Published by Mid-Antrim Historical Group:32. Louth response to IRA attacks. The Coleraine Museum. Coleraine Museum. On 23 December, 1920 the Government of Ireland Act passed into law outlining Monaghan Special Constables Act was parliaments for Southern Ireland, Northern Ireland and a Council of Ireland. Mayo requested and through this the Offaly Ireland was temporarily partitioned on May 3, 1921 into two separate jurisdictions. Meath Ulster Special Constabulary (USC) Queen’s County (Carlow) Monaghan was established in October 1920: These jurisdictions would begin to function following elections to both new IRA intelligence gathering, 2 2 Brigade, 2 Northern Division, IRA Cumann na mBan Roscommon Brigade, 2 Northern Division. Intelligence gathering across Donegal. War of Independence Full time A-Specials, Part Time Parliaments. In the southern Irish elections, May 24, 1921, Sinn Féin returned a Offaly Courtesy of the Bureau of Military History. Courtesy of the Bureau of Military History. Sligo Medal. B-Specials and Reservist Limavady police barracks and majority but not recognising the Irish Parliament of the 1920 Act, set up the Roscommon During the War, C-Specials. Many UVF members war memorial. second Dáil. Tipperary Cumann na mBan joined, which led to USC being Courtesy of Limavady Museum. Sligo Reinforcement provided support to Tyrone the Irish Republican regarded with distrust by the The Parliament of Northern Ireland Tipperary As resignations began to escalate Army. There were Nationalist community. Waterford within the RIC, authorities two brigades in Waterford County Antrim. ‘We, in our turn, raided the The Government of Ireland recruited temporary constables Courtesy of private collection. Westmeath Act 1920 outlined the role of Westmeath from unemployed men, many of homes of both Protestant and the executive, legislature Wexford whom were war veterans. They Catholic parents whose Sons Wexford and judiciary for the new Wicklow became known as the Black and had joined, or were about to join, Wicklow Northern State. Tans, named after a famous pack the Ulster Specials.’ Black and Tans Bureau of Military History, 1913-21 Statement document of hounds, because the uniform No. W.S. 1663. Sir Edward Carson declined © IWM Q113489 was initially a mixture of two to lead the new Northern colours. Ex-Army Officers were Ireland Government. recruited for the Auxiliary Following the May 1921 Recruiting of Special Division, a heavily armed mobile Belfast Parliament election, Inside double page illustration from Constables unit designed to combat the hit Royal Ulster and Special Constabulary PUBLIC MEETING Sir James Craig became the Crowds around the Robinson Cleaver Building Christmas card. Date unknown. IN COLERAINE In 1921 Mr Denis Henry and run tactics of the IRA. first Prime Minister of Belfast for the State Opening of Parliament in Courtesy of Coleraine Museum. NO FINER FORCE appointed Lord Chief THAN R.I.C. Justice of Northern Northern Ireland. On June Belfast City Hall. An enthusiastic meeting for the Ireland.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Democracy, Sovereignty and Unionist Political Thought During the Revolutionary Period in Ireland, C
    This is a repository copy of Democracy, Sovereignty and Unionist Political Thought during the Revolutionary Period in Ireland, c. 1912-1922. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/118211/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Reid, C.W. orcid.org/0000-0001-6252-6321 (2017) Democracy, Sovereignty and Unionist Political Thought during the Revolutionary Period in Ireland, c. 1912-1922. Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 27. pp. 211-232. ISSN 0080-4401 https://doi.org/10.1017/S008044011700010X This article has been published in a revised form in Transactions of the Royal Historical Society [https://doi.org/10.1017/S008044011700010X]. This version is free to view and download for private research and study only. Not for re-distribution, re-sale or use in derivative works. © Royal Historical Society 2017. Reuse This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND) licence. This licence only allows you to download this work and share it with others as long as you credit the authors, but you can’t change the article in any way or use it commercially. More information and the full terms of the licence here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ DEMOCRACY, SOVEREIGNTY AND UNIONIST POLITICAL THOUGHT DURING THE REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD IN IRELAND, c.
    [Show full text]
  • De Búrca Rare Books
    De Búrca Rare Books A selection of fine, rare and important books and manuscripts Catalogue 141 Spring 2020 DE BÚRCA RARE BOOKS Cloonagashel, 27 Priory Drive, Blackrock, County Dublin. 01 288 2159 01 288 6960 CATALOGUE 141 Spring 2020 PLEASE NOTE 1. Please order by item number: Pennant is the code word for this catalogue which means: “Please forward from Catalogue 141: item/s ...”. 2. Payment strictly on receipt of books. 3. You may return any item found unsatisfactory, within seven days. 4. All items are in good condition, octavo, and cloth bound, unless otherwise stated. 5. Prices are net and in Euro. Other currencies are accepted. 6. Postage, insurance and packaging are extra. 7. All enquiries/orders will be answered. 8. We are open to visitors, preferably by appointment. 9. Our hours of business are: Mon. to Fri. 9 a.m.-5.30 p.m., Sat. 10 a.m.- 1 p.m. 10. As we are Specialists in Fine Books, Manuscripts and Maps relating to Ireland, we are always interested in acquiring same, and pay the best prices. 11. We accept: Visa and Mastercard. There is an administration charge of 2.5% on all credit cards. 12. All books etc. remain our property until paid for. 13. Text and images copyright © De Burca Rare Books. 14. All correspondence to 27 Priory Drive, Blackrock, County Dublin. Telephone (01) 288 2159. International + 353 1 288 2159 (01) 288 6960. International + 353 1 288 6960 Fax (01) 283 4080. International + 353 1 283 4080 e-mail [email protected] web site www.deburcararebooks.com COVER ILLUSTRATIONS: Our front and rear cover is illustrated from the magnificent item 331, Pennant's The British Zoology.
    [Show full text]
  • The Death and Funeral of Edward Carson
    The death and funeral of Edward Carson Edward Carson had contracted bronchial pneumonia in June 1935 but by July he was out of danger. During this period Dr Charles D’Arcy, the Church of Ireland Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland, paid a visit to see his fellow Dubliner. Carson confided to the Primate, ‘I have seen much to shake my faith and what remains with me is no more than I learned at my mother’s knee: “God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son …”’. The Archbishop assured Ned, his old friend, that John 3:16 was ‘enough’. While Carson recovered, his health was nevertheless fatally weakened. By the early autumn his strength began to ebb away and at 8:00 on the morning of 22 October 1935 at Cleve Court, a Queen Anne house in the Isle of Thanet, Kent, Carson died. Carson had left no instructions in his will as to where he wished to be buried but in conversation with Lord Craigavon (as Sir James Craig had become in 1927) he had expressed a desire to be buried in the land, in Craigavon’s words, for which ‘he fought so long, so valiantly and so successfully’. In a broadcast the Prime Minister announced that the Northern Ireland Government would provide a state funeral and that Carson would be buried St Anne’s Cathedral. Craigavon introduced special legislation in the Northern Ireland House of Commons to enable the burial to take place in the Cathedral. The legislation passed through all its stages there and in the Senate in one sitting.
    [Show full text]
  • Ot Expected Naval Bill Famous Battle of 1912
    'VOLUME XIII. TWELVE PAGES LETHBRIDGE, ALBERTA, THURSDAY, MARCH 11, 1920 TWELVE PAGES Nl'MBEli CANADA THREATENS TO Vote Against Miners'Strike DRAIN SCOTLAND "DRY" In Gt. Britain OT EXPECTED NAVAL BILL LONDON, March 11.—(By Canadian Preaa)—A special oorre«pond«nt of the Dally Graphic «ay« that the only way Scotland la likely td (Jo dry Is by Canada draining h»r of whiskey. A greatly increase^ area is being LONDON, March 11.—The sown with barley and the correspondent declares he has seen evidence special trade union congress, in the hands of a whiskey exporting firm that Canada is preparsd to take m w m mmm mmm w • • W mmt • a MV * Ml * • • • S B W * mere whiskey than Scotland can supply. in session here, voted over­ "Vancouver,"for Instance, has ba*n getting hundreds of cases a month whelmingly today against the from one firm alone and the cry lit 'Send us more," " says the corres­ pondent. strike policy, and in favor of According to the correspondent, a Scottish distiller scoffed at the continued efforts by constitu­ idea of prohibition in Scotland, adding: "Prohibition in Canada Is a fare* and we have a splendid market there tional means to effect the nat­ for more whiskey than we can spare." ionalization of mines. FAMOUS BATTLE OF 1912 New Irrigation District Act is Lethbridge Irrigationists Will' The vote against a general Members of House Reticent About Commenting on It Until Full of Contentious Points Be Heard on New Bill Now j strike came after Secretary- Copies of Jellicoe's Report Have Been Perused— For Legislature Before Legislature Hodges, of the miners' fed­ Western Farmers Members Inclined to Belief Navy Ulster Wins Under eration, moved a resolution Needed to Protect Canadian Trade Routes— GOVERNMENT STUMPED RECALL OF TRUSTEES in favor of direct action to Liberals Consider Report Vindication of ON "OWNER" DEFINITION MAY BE ELIMINATED compel nationalization.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to the Abercorn Papers Adobe
    INTRODUCTION ABERCORN PAPERS November 2007 Abercorn Papers (D623) Table of Contents Summary ......................................................................................................................2 Family history................................................................................................................3 Title deeds and leases..................................................................................................5 Irish estate papers ........................................................................................................8 Irish estate and related correspondence.....................................................................11 Scottish papers (other than title deeds) ......................................................................14 English estate papers (other than title deeds).............................................................17 Miscellaneous, mainly seventeenth-century, family papers ........................................19 Correspondence and papers of the 6th Earl of Abercorn............................................20 Correspondence and papers of the Hon. Charles Hamilton........................................21 Papers and correspondence of Capt. the Hon. John Hamilton, R.N., his widow and their son, John James, the future 1st Marquess of Abercorn....................22 Political correspondence of the 1st Marquess of Abercorn.........................................23 Political and personal correspondence of the 1st Duke of Abercorn...........................26
    [Show full text]
  • 1) to Investigate the Final Case Study Belfast During World War II 2) to Examine Each of the Key Concepts in This Section
    Subject: Leaving Certificate History Teacher: Mr Kelly Week: Week 12 Lesson: Case Study Belfast during WW II 12.0 Learning Intentions 1) To investigate the final Case study Belfast during World War II 2) To examine each of the key Concepts in this section. 3) To investigate the Key personalities in this section 4) To plan a full Leaving Certificate question 12.1 BELFAST DURING WORLD WAR II When war broke out in September 1939, Belfast was an important city in terms of producing war materials for the British forces. The Harland & Wolf shipyard was the largest in the United Kingdom and it increased the production of warships. The Shorts Brothers & Harland aircraft factory saw a huge increase in its operations. Belfast itself was poorly protected despite being a major target for enemy attack. Whereas Glasgow had 88 anti-aircraft guns, Belfast only had 24. The city also did not have a properly developed fire brigade service. In November 1940 the German Luftwaffe sent out reconnaissance (spy) flights over Belfast that took photographs of the city, including its main factories. THE BOMBING OF BELFAST The first attack on Belfast took place on the 7 April 1941. It was carried out by 6 German bombers and resulted in 14 deaths and started 17 fires throughout the city. A week later on the night of 15 April, the Luftwaffe carried out a mass raid on Belfast. The attack involved 180 aircraft and lasted some five hours, between 11.00pm and 4.00 am. The death toll was around 900 and 600 were seriously injured.
    [Show full text]
  • Article the Empire Strikes Back: Brexit, the Irish Peace Process, and The
    ARTICLE THE EMPIRE STRIKES BACK: BREXIT, THE IRISH PEACE PROCESS, AND THE LIMITATIONS OF LAW Kieran McEvoy, Anna Bryson, & Amanda Kramer* I. INTRODUCTION ..........................................................610 II. BREXIT, EMPIRE NOSTALGIA, AND THE PEACE PROCESS .......................................................................615 III. ANGLO-IRISH RELATIONS AND THE EUROPEAN UNION ...........................................................................624 IV. THE EU AND THE NORTHERN IRELAND PEACE PROCESS .......................................................................633 V. BREXIT, POLITICAL RELATIONSHIPS AND IDENTITY POLITICS IN NORTHERN IRELAND ....637 VI. BREXIT AND THE “MAINSTREAMING” OF IRISH REUNIFICATION .........................................................643 VII. BREXIT, POLITICAL VIOLENCE AND THE GOVERNANCE OF SECURITY ..................................646 VIII. CONCLUSION: BREXIT AND THE LIMITATIONS OF LAW ...............................................................................657 * The Authors are respectively Professor of Law and Transitional Justice, Senior Lecturer and Lecturer in Law, Queens University Belfast. We would like to acknowledge the comments and advice of a number of colleagues including Colin Harvey, Brian Gormally, Daniel Holder, Rory O’Connell, Gordon Anthony, John Morison, and Chris McCrudden. We would like to thank Alina Utrata, Kevin Hearty, Ashleigh McFeeters, and Órlaith McEvoy for their research assistance. As is detailed below, we would also like to thank the Economic
    [Show full text]
  • Fballantine's
    FAIR PLAINTIFF REFUSES TO ACCEPT MAYOR GIVES OUT AWARD IN BREACH OF PROMISE SUIT | MAN ILLEGALLY A breach of promise suit that was wanted her former sweetheart to settled six years ago, In which the marry. She returned to Italy with- woman, now said to be the wife of a out tiling the judgment and M&si’s HELD TWO POWER 10 CALL count In the bondsmen have had to keep the bonds DAYS, Italy, spurned money verdict found by the Jury, figured in alive ever since. Frank M. McDermit court again today. The old case was explained to the chief justice in op- recalled when Eugene Dotto, a law- posing Mr. Dotto’s application that yer, representing the bondsmen of the his client had written to him that she GETS FREEDOM defendant in the suit, asked Chief did not care what he did about the I Justice Gummere for an order vacat- money; she didn’t want it. He felt, — ing the bonds or compelling the however, that he had no right to Prominent Newark Men and plaintiff to tile her judgment. consent to the cancellation of the Duborski, Acquitted by Federal Leaders in Fear of Conflict in Miss Annie Ital- judgment. Women Will Handle An- Frasella, pretty Victim of Office Ulster at ian girl of nineteen, visited this city He told the court that the young Court, Orange Day niversary Event. seven years ago to sec some friends. woman was now residing in Foggia, Mistake. Festivities. While here she met Anthony Masl Italy, and that he understood she and they became engaged.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ulster Women's Unionist Council and Ulster Unionism
    “No Idle Sightseers”: The Ulster Women’s Unionist Council and Ulster Unionism (1911-1920s) Pamela Blythe McKane A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN POLITICAL SCIENCE YORK UNIVERSITY TORONTO, ONTARIO JANUARY 2015 ©Pamela Blythe McKane 2015 Abstract Title: “No Idle Sightseers”: The Ulster Women’s Unionist Council and Ulster Unionism (1911-1920s) This doctoral dissertation examines the Ulster Women’s Unionist Council (UWUC), an overlooked, but historically significant Ulster unionist institution, during the 1910s and 1920s—a time of great conflict. Ulster unionists opposed Home Rule for Ireland. World War 1 erupted in 1914 and was followed by the Anglo-Irish War (1919- 1922), the partition of Ireland in 1922, and the Civil War (1922-1923). Within a year of its establishment the UWUC was the largest women’s political organization in Ireland with an estimated membership of between 115,000 and 200,000. Yet neither the male- dominated Ulster unionist institutions of the time, nor the literature related to Ulster unionism and twentieth-century Irish politics and history have paid much attention to its existence and work. This dissertation seeks to redress this. The framework of analysis employed is original in terms of the concepts it combines with a gender focus. It draws on Rogers Brubaker’s (1996) concepts of “nation” as practical category, institutionalized form (“nationhood”), and contingent event (“nationness”), combining these concepts with William Walters’ (2004) concept of “domopolitics” and with a feminist understanding of the centrality of gender to nation.
    [Show full text]
  • Members of Parliament Disqualified Since 1900 This Document Provides Information About Members of Parliament Who Have Been Disqu
    Members of Parliament Disqualified since 1900 This document provides information about Members of Parliament who have been disqualified since 1900. It is impossible to provide an entirely exhaustive list, as in many cases, the disqualification of a Member is not directly recorded in the Journal. For example, in the case of Members being appointed 5 to an office of profit under the Crown, it has only recently become practice to record the appointment of a Member to such an office in the Journal. Prior to this, disqualification can only be inferred from the writ moved for the resulting by-election. It is possible that in some circumstances, an election could have occurred before the writ was moved, in which case there would be no record from which to infer the disqualification, however this is likely to have been a rare occurrence. This list is based on 10 the writs issued following disqualification and the reason given, such as appointments to an office of profit under the Crown; appointments to judicial office; election court rulings and expulsion. Appointment of a Member to an office of profit under the Crown in the Chiltern Hundreds or the Manor of Northstead is a device used to allow Members to resign their seats, as it is not possible to simply resign as a Member of Parliament, once elected. This is by far the most common means of 15 disqualification. There are a number of Members disqualified in the early part of the twentieth century for taking up Ministerial Office. Until the passage of the Re-Election of Ministers Act 1919, Members appointed to Ministerial Offices were disqualified and had to seek re-election.
    [Show full text]
  • The Devlinite Irish News, Northern Ireland's "Trapped" Nationalist Minority, and the Irish Boundary Question, 1921-1925
    WITHOUT A "DOG'S CHANCE:" THE DEVLINITE IRISH NEWS, NORTHERN IRELAND'S "TRAPPED" NATIONALIST MINORITY, AND THE IRISH BOUNDARY QUESTION, 1921-1925 by James A. Cousins Master ofArts, Acadia University 2000 Bachelor ofArts, Acadia University 1997 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Department ofHistory © James A. Cousins 2008 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Summer 2008 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission ofthe author. APPROVAL Name: James A. Cousins Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Title ofProject: Without a "Dog's Chance:" The Devlinite Irish News, Northern Ireland's "Trapped" Nationalist Minority, and the Irish Boundary Question, 1921-1925 Examining Committee: Chair Dr. Alexander Dawson, Associate Professor Department ofHistory Dr. John Stubbs, Professor Senior Supervisor Department ofHistory Dr. Wil1een Keough, Assistant Professor Supervisor Department ofHistory Dr. Leith Davis, Professor Supervisor Department ofEnglish Dr. John Craig, Professor Internal Examiner Department ofHistory Dr. Peter Hart, Professor External Examiner Department ofHistory, Memorial University of Newfoundland Date Approved: 11 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Declaration of Partial Copyright Licence The author, whose copyright is declared on the title page of this work, has granted to Simon Fraser University the right to lend this thesis, project or extended essay to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users.
    [Show full text]
  • ORANGE, GREEN, and BLUE: POLICE REFORM and SECTARIAN POLITICS in NORTHERN IRELAND, 1922-2001 Alec Ward an HONORS THESIS in Hi
    ORANGE, GREEN, AND BLUE: POLICE REFORM AND SECTARIAN POLITICS IN NORTHERN IRELAND, 1922-2001 Alec Ward AN HONORS THESIS in History Presented to the Faculty of the Department of History of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts with Honors 2017 Dr. Warren Breckman, Honors Seminar Director Dr. Brendan O’Leary, Thesis Advisor _______________________________ Siyen Fei Undergraduate Chair, Department of History ii “Oh well do I remember the bleak December day When the Sheriff and the Landlord came to drive us all away. They set my roof on fire with their cursed English spleen And that’s another reason why I left old Skibbereen.” -“Skibbereen,” Irish traditional folk song iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction: An Unfortunate Remark – p. 1 Chapter One: A Single Force Under a Single Command The Departmental Committee on Police Reorganisation – p. 13 The Committee’s Report – p. 22 Chapter Two: Robber-Catchers at Heart – p. 31 “The Troubles” Begin: Attacks on the Civil Rights Movement 1968-9 – p. 31 The Hunt Committee – p. 37 The Hunt Report – p. 43 Implementing Hunt – p. 48 Forming the UDR – p. 56 Chapter Three: Changing of the Guard – p. 60 The Patten Commission – p. 63 The Patten Report – p. 65 Patten and Politics – p. 71 Implementing Patten – p. 75 Evaluating Patten’s Legacy – p. 82 Conclusion: Crumbling Pillars? – p. 85 Bibliography – p. 90 1 Introduction An Unfortunate Remark On the morning of April 24, 1963, Belthezar Johannes Vorster took his feet on the floor of the Parliament of the Republic of South Africa.
    [Show full text]