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Bodleian Library, Oxford H. H. Asquith

British Library Walter Long

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A 28–32, 43, 71, 120, 163, 169, Abercorn (2nd Duke), 35, 48 177, 294 Act of Union (1801), 1, 3, 26, 51, 72, and exclusion, 15, 128, 131–133, 80, 87, 88, 181, 193, 208, 209, 135, 137–141, 147, 148, 151, 294 175, 232, 299, 300 Addison, Christopher, 146, 178, 207 and home rule, 14, 16, 26, 28–32, Agar-Robartes, Thomas, 89, 107, 122, 41, 77, 128, 132, 133, 144, 130 147, 150, 232, 298 All-for-Ireland League (AFIL), 38, 51, and Irish dominion, 222, 224 78, 79, 96, 120, 177, 179, 180 Amery, Leopold Stennett, 149, 177, 188 B Ancient Order of Hibernians (AOH), Bagwell, Richard, 48, 87, 192 7, 10, 92 Balcarres (10th Earl, 27th Earl Anglo-Irish Treaty (1921), 6, 14, 16, Crawford), 10, 44, 47, 124, 85, 207, 245–247, 250, 264, 145 266, 267, 270, 271, 275–278, Balfour, Arthur (1st Earl), 8, 31, 42, 292, 295–299 43, 48, 51, 55, 56, 100, 123, Westminster debates, 273, 274, 124, 150, 166, 217, 231, 275 278, 294 and partition, 48, 146, 174, Asquith, Herbert Henry (1st Earl 208–210, 215, 226, 300 Oxford and Asquith), 11, 26, Barrie, Hugh, 185–189

1 Note: Page numbers followed by ‘n’ refer to notes.

Barton, Robert, 250, 254, 255, 257, 165, 166, 213, 225, 262, 263, 264, 266, 271, 297 292, 296 Bates, Richard Dawson, 51, 209, 211, British Covenant, 96, 101, 124, 177 212 British Empire, 1, 3, 11, 13, 15, 25, Belfast Evening Telegraph (BET), 13, 43, 45–47, 49, 75, 85, 91, 95, 33, 87 123, 166, 171, 217, 220, 224, Belfast News-Letter (BNL), 33, 75, 87, 225, 251–253, 258, 267, 269, 141, 191 271, 274, 296, 297 Belfast Weekly News, 123 dominions, 1, 11, 15, 43, 45, 46, Belfast riots, 72, 92, 106, 213, 291 72, 80, 88, 184, 206, 208, Birkenhead, see Smith, Frederick 209, 215, 217–219, 222, 224, Edwin (1st Earl Birkenhead) 245, 247–249, 265, 277, 297 Birrell, Augustine, 28, 54, 77, 78, 86, Brugha, Cathal, 248, 250, 253, 96, 127, 136, 141, 167 281n42 and exclusion, 77, 107, 127, 136, Buckingham Palace Conference 140, 141 (1914), 147–150, 170, 193, 300 Bonar Law, Andrew, 11, 15, 87, 127, 136, 142–144, 151, 166, 195, 217, 235n11 C and Anglo-Irish Treaty, 273, 296 Campbell, James, 35, 76, 81, 99, 173 and exclusion, 89, 90, 128, 129, Carson, Edward (1st Baron), 12, 16, 131–133, 135, 137, 138, 140, 32, 41, 49, 56, 71, 74, 75, 82, 144, 145, 147–149, 151, 152, 101, 124, 163, 166, 187, 189, 170, 208 212, 217, 230 and federalism, 43, 131, 132 and Anglo-Irish Treaty, 273 and Sinn Féin, 181, 225, 259, 263 and exclusion, 54, 88, 89, 94, 122, and southern unionists, 127, 129, 128, 131–133, 138, 141, 130, 145, 146, 188 146–149, 151, 168–171, 175, and Ulster unionists, 56, 81, 82, 176, 206, 212, 233, 293, 294, 89–91, 99, 106, 119, 122–125, 300 127, 130, 142, 171, 179, 188, exclusion amendment (1913), 97, 189, 259, 272 122, 130, 151 Unionist Party leadership, 8, 56, 91, and southern unionists, 76, 130, 101, 123–125, 130, 205, 246, 168, 192 256, 273, 274, 277 and Ulster Covenant, 93, 96, 100 Boundary commission, 14, 246, 247, and UVF, 72, 98–100, 167, 213 252, 257, 259, 260, 262, 265, and violence, 36, 42, 51, 57, 74, 75, 266, 271, 273, 275, 276, 278, 90, 91, 99, 125 297, 298, 300 Catholic Church, 9, 11, 30, 34, 37, ideas for in 1917, 1919, 178, 194, 49, 50, 88, 94, 99, 167, 179, 209, 257, 272 192, 209, 214 British Army, 1, 36, 56, 91, 97–101, Cecil, Hugh (1st Baron Quickswood), 121, 126, 135, 141–143, 150, 55, 56, 133, 170, 222 INDEX 331

Chamberlain, Austen, 41–43, 56, 123, and boundary commission, 209, 126, 131, 170, 173, 254, 258, 247, 259, 272–274, 276 265, 270, 272, 273 and Ulster Covenant, 93, 96 Chamberlain, Joseph, 4, 29 Crozier, John, 81, 187 Childers, Erskine, 80, 184, 250, Curragh, 121, 142–144, 159n121, 253–255, 257 223 Churchill, Randolph, 35, 36, 63n61 Curtis, Lionel, 257, 265, 266, Churchill, Winston, 29, 30, 32, 42, 269–271, 274 43, 77, 78, 92, 126, 128, 134, Curzon, George (1st Marquess 142, 213, 232, 252, 264, 269, Curzon of Kedleston), 42, 43, 270, 275, 278, 292 125, 178, 207, 225, 226, and blockading Ireland, 126, 270, 243n141 271 and Catholicism, 30 and Ulster unionists, 122, 125, 127, D 133, 136, 144, 232, 274, 294 Dáil Éireann, 205, 225, 228–230, Church of England, 9–11, 56, 223 234, 249, 253, 264, 265, 267, Church of Ireland, 10, 50, 81, 88, 94, 278, 291–293, 297 174, 187, 192 Anglo-Irish Treaty debates, 16, 264, Clune, Patrick (Archbishop of Perth), 267–270 228, 229, 233 and partition, 248, 249, 251, Collins, Michael, 224, 227–229, 232, 267–269 243n144, 248–250, 252, Daily Express (London), 46, 47, 150, 254–257, 261, 264–266, 268, 262 270, 271, 275–278, 292, 294 Daily Herald (London), 12, 101, 226 and boundary commission, 252, Daily News (London), 41, 76, 95, 100 257, 265, 266, 271, 272 Daily Telegraph (London), 9, 44, 49, Conservative and Unionist Party, see 180 Unionist Party de Valera, Eamon, 210, 217, 224, Cope, Alfred “Andy”, 230–233, 225, 229, 230, 232, 233, 243n143, 261 243n144, 245–254, 267, 268, Cosgrave, William, 275, 276, 278 270, 277, 291, 292, 297 Craig, Charles, 33, 98, 100 and Anglo-Irish Treaty, 267, 269 Craig, James (1st Viscount Craigavon), Cuba speeches, 250 10, 36, 49, 74, 97, 99, 123, and partition, 248, 251, 255–257, 147–149, 152, 170, 183, 209, 264 211, 213, 229, 231–233, and Ulster unionists, 191, 230, 231, 236n26, 246, 247, 249, 259 256–262, 265, 271–276, 278, Democracy, 4–8, 11, 31, 32, 106, 293–295, 300 122, 143, 168, 169, 185, 215, and Anglo-Irish Treaty, 255, 257, 293, 294, 299–301 258, 260, 261, 265, 272, 273, Derby (17th Earl), 229, 233, 258, 277, 278 259 332 INDEX

Devlin, Joseph, 49, 83, 120, 135, F 138–141, 148, 158n108, Federalism, 26, 42–47, 51, 57, 78, 86, 168–170, 172, 186, 188, 189, 100, 101, 131, 132, 182, 191, 210, 214, 216 184–186, 297, 299 Die-hard unionists, 54, 55, 57, 246, Fetherstonhaugh, Godfrey, 87, 123 255, 256, 263, 273, 277, First World War, 14, 15, 72, 121, 150, 288n160 152, 165–167, 170, 180, 182, Dillon, John, 29, 32, 39, 81, 91, 126, 183, 213, 298, 299 134, 136, 137, 140, 147, 148, Fisher, Herbert Albert Laurens, 208, 151, 171, 174–176, 186, 194, 223, 226, 227, 231, 261 200n66, 216, 256 Freeman’s Journal (Dublin), 75, 76, Dominion of Ireland Bill (1920), 218, 78, 79, 82, 86, 87, 91, 95, 126, 219, 226 219, 249, 266, 267 Douglas, James, 217, 219 Duffin, Adam, 96, 185, 188 Duggan, Eamonn, 250, 257, 266, G 269, 275, 292 Garvin, James Louis, 12, 40, 42–44, Duke, Henry, 178, 187, 208 100, 123, 124, 146, 185 Dunleath (2nd Baron), 100 Gavan Duffy, George, 250, 252, 255, 264, 266, 269 George V (King), 48, 54, 55, 68n152, E 120, 126–128, 138–140, 143, Easter Rising (1916), 15, 72, 163, 146, 147, 149, 151, 184, 232, 166, 167, 180, 181, 194, 217, 248 218, 225, 291 Germany, 49, 123, 150, 166, 263 Edward VII (King), 40–42 Gladstone, William Ewart, 3, 4, 25, Election results 29, 31, 45, 78, 80 by-elections 1911-1914 (UK), Gough, Hubert, 142, 223 102–105 Government of Ireland Act (1920), 6, December 1910 (UK), 51, 55, 101, 16, 169, 206, 207, 210–212, 102, 104, 107, 152 214–216, 218, 220, 222, 226, December 1918 (UK), 205, 295 227, 229, 231, 233, 234, 258, January 1910 (UK), 38, 39, 73, 145 268, 276, 293, 294, 299, 300 June 1922 (Irish Free State), 291, Greenwood, Hamar, 213, 228–231, 292 242n137, 292 May 1921 (Northern Ireland), 215 Grey, Edward (1st Viscount), 29, 136, November 1922 (UK), 295 222 Enniskillen Horse, 97 Griffith, Arthur, 9, 79, 83, 166, 180, Esher (2nd Viscount), 42, 55, 96, 226–228, 234, 247, 250, 254, 125, 126, 145, 150 256, 260, 267, 269, 276–278, External association, 245–255, 260, 292 261, 264, 265, 267, 271, 277, and Government of Ireland Bill, 210 297 and Irish dominion, 217, 219, 253 INDEX 333

and partition, 248, 252, 254–257, Constitution (1922), 14, 16, 246, 259, 260, 264–266, 271, 272, 269–271, 278, 292, 293, 298, 277 299 Gwynn, Stephen, 50, 88, 89, 177, Irish Independent (Dublin), 31, 36, 190 37, 47, 79, 80, 82, 86, 168, 172, Gwynne, Howell Arthur, 12, 146 184, 249, 266 Irish News (Belfast), 36, 52, 75, 83, 97, 99, 266, 276 H Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP), 3, 15, Hacket Pain, George William, 99, 25, 26, 28–31, 38–43, 45–49, 51, 213 54, 57, 77–81, 83, 85–87, 92, Haldane, Richard (1st Viscount), 29, 95, 100, 106, 120, 121, 80, 136, 222 124–126, 128, 131–134, Hobhouse, Charles, 77, 138, 142, 136–141, 144, 145, 148, 146, 148 150–152, 163, 165–168, Home Rule, 3, 4, 11, 29, 44, 124, 171–173, 175–181, 184, 186, 127, 166, 190, 195, 208, 224, 187, 189, 190, 192, 194, 195, 293, 299 200n66, 201n85, 205, 210, 219 First Bill (1886), 4, 36, 92 Irish Peace Conference (1920), 220, Second Bill (1893), 4, 14, 25, 36, 221, 223, 224 78, 80 Irish Republican Army (IRA), 205, Third Bill (1912-1914), 14, 15, 26, 212–214, 220, 223, 225–228, 57, 71, 72, 78–88, 106, 119, 231, 233, 234, 251, 262, 263, 121, 126, 132, 136, 139, 143, 267, 270, 276, 291, 301 149–151, 177, 178, 184, Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB, 206–208, 211, 214, 222, 233, Fenians), 9, 37, 49, 79, 137, 166 246, 298 Irish Times (Dublin), 31, 36, 50, 52, 54, 75, 89, 94, 126, 211, 218, 249 I Irish Unionist Alliance (IUA), 145, Irish Civil War (1922-1923), 275, 181, 186, 192, 193, 210, 217 291, 293, 296, 297 Irish Volunteers, 137, 149, 157n91, Irish Convention (1917-1918), 16, 165, 166, 205, 213 164, 165, 177–179, 192, 193, Irish War of Independence (1919- 195, 207, 224, 251, 298, 299 1921), 14, 16, 205–207, 212, Irish Council Bill (1907), 29, 30, 79, 223, 225, 227, 231, 260, 261, 87 263, 297 Irish Dominion League, 206, 216, 218, 220–224, 233, 298, 299 Irish Free State, 1, 245, 266, 269, J 271, 274–276, 278, 291–293, Jones, Thomas, 231, 249, 252, 296, 297, 300 255–257, 261, 266, 274, 283n62 334 INDEX

L threatens to resign, 136, 175, 177, Labour Party, 6, 7, 28, 31, 38–40, 42, 256, 259, 263, 277 43, 51, 101, 102, 143, 147, 152, Londonderry (6th Marquess), 33, 97, 221–223, 226, 273 145 Lansdowne (5th Marquess), 43, 55, Londonderry (7th Marquess), 172, 123–125, 147, 166 185, 187, 188 and exclusion, 129, 131, 170, Londonderry City, 4, 82, 104, 172, 173–175 213 and southern unionists, 130, 173 Londonderry, Lady Theresa, 51, 74 Larne gunrunning, 121, 143, 144, Long, Walter, 36, 56, 101, 102, 146 116n133, 143, 146, 166, 173, Liberal imperialists, 29, 89 175, 213, 215, 260 Liberal Party, 28, 32, 40, 102, 107, and exclusion, 129, 130, 132, 173, 143, 164, 221–224, 255, 273, 174, 176, 207 297, 299 and federalism, 42, 43, 48, 207 and home rule, 4, 14, 25, 26, promotes home rule resistance, 28–31, 39, 43, 51, 57, 80, 100, 34–36, 99, 173, 207 120, 121, 126, 131, 147 Loreburn (1st Earl), 41, 77, 126–128, and plural voting, 138 137, 151 Liberal Unionists, 4, 6, 26, 28, 29, 38 Lloyd George, David, 4, 29, 30, 78, 163–195, 217, 245, 250, 295, 296 M and Catholicism, 29, 30, 167, 193, MacDonnell, Antony (1st Baron), 228, 297 183, 184 and coalition governments, 43, 48, Maclean, Donald, 222, 255 57, 177, 205, 255, 273, 295, Macready, Cecil Frederick Nevil, 213, 296 223, 226, 233, 242n137, and Edward Carson, 164, 167–170, 261–263, 274, 285n99 175, 176, 178, 186, 194, 206, MacVeagh, Jeremiah, 135, 139–141, 210, 297, 299, 300 171 and exclusion, 1, 16, 72, 77, 107, Manchester Guardian, 32, 97, 98, 129, 134–136, 139, 140, 145, 100, 125, 134, 166 167, 170, 173, 178, 188, 189, McNeill, Ronald (1st Baron 194, 206, 208, 246, 247, 252, Cushendun), 56, 123, 171, 182, 255–257, 259, 265, 273, 277, 185 278, 297, 298, 300 Midleton (1st Marquess), 54, 145, and Irish dominion, 185, 195, 220, 146, 165, 181, 185–190, 221, 223, 248, 254, 261, 271, 192–194, 210, 211 299 Milner, Alfred (1st Viscount), 45, 56, and Sinn Féin, 16, 207, 225–228, 96, 101 231–234, 247–249, 255, 257, Monteagle (2nd Baron), 217–219, 263, 265, 271–273, 297, 299 223, 226 INDEX 335

Montgomery, Hugh de Fellenberg, P 169, 171, 181, 182, 187, 192, Pall Mall Gazette (London), 12, 36, 193, 212, 215 53 Morley, John (1st Viscount), 28, Parliament Act (1911), 8, 14, 25–27, 59n11, 133 41, 42, 48, 51, 54, 55, 57, 74, Morning Post (London), 12, 32, 36, 78, 82, 90, 96, 101, 119, 129, 39, 41, 44, 106, 146, 276 138, 139, 147 Moylett, Patrick, 227, 234 Parnell, Charles Stewart, 3, 45, 47 Mulcahy, Richard, 228, 249 Peace with Ireland Council, 222, 223, 227 Pease, Joseph Albert, 39, 41, 148 N Plunkett, Horace, 139, 140, 149, 166, Northern Ireland, 1, 2, 206, 207, 211, 180, 183, 184, 186, 187, 189, 214, 215, 229, 232, 234, 194, 215–218, 222, 223 245–249, 251, 252, 254–259, and temporary inclusion, 139, 140 261, 262, 266, 268–271, 275, and Ulster unionists, 183, 186, 187, 276, 278, 291, 293, 295, 296, 216, 217 299–301 Primrose committee, 86, 186 dominion status for, 17, 258, 260, 275, 278, 293–295 origins in 1916, 16, 164, 170, 171, R 176 Redmond, John, 15, 28, 29, 31, 40, Northern Whig (Belfast), 33, 87, 42, 45, 57, 77, 85, 86, 106, 165, 191 166, 177, 186, 187, 189, 190, 193, 222, 256, 297 compares home rule to dominions, O 32, 46, 80 Ó Briain, Art, 226, 228, 232–234 and exclusion, 88, 89, 120, 121, O’Brien, William (AFIL, Irish 127, 131, 132, 134–136, 138, Labour), 38, 51, 78, 177, 179, 140, 141, 143, 144, 147, 148, 180 151, 168, 172, 175, 176, 194, Observer (London), 12, 40, 44, 100, 299 222 and Ulster unionists, 92, 121, 135, O’Connor, Thomas Power, 38, 45–48, 136, 138, 148, 151, 186–188 134–136, 140, 175, 178 Redmond, William, 45, 81 O’Donnell, Patrick (Bishop of Reveille movement, 51, 52, 54, 57 Raphoe), 138–140, 168, 169, Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC), 54, 186, 191 73, 77, 92, 96–99, 137, 143, O’Flanagan, Michael, 228–231 213, 214, 225, 228, 256, 262, Orange card, 36, 56, 132 291 Orange Order, 10, 33, 36, 37, 43, 54, Russell, George (AE), 79, 181, 184, 73, 95, 97 227 336 INDEX

S Stevenson, Frances, 176, 182, 205, Samuel, Herbert, 135, 176 248, 256, 259 Seely, John Edward Bernard (1st Strachey, John St. Loe, 52–54, Baron Mottistone), 97, 142 67n142, 88, 89, 94, 131 Selborne (2nd Earl), 56, 91, 96, 149, 166, 173, 273 Sinn Féin, 9, 16, 47, 79, 150, 163, T 164, 166, 179, 180, 205–207, Tariff reform, 46, 123, 124 215, 233, 234, 247, 251, 260, The Times (London), 32, 40, 42, 44, 298 50, 52, 55, 89, 91, 93, 95, 126, anti-Treaty, 246, 268–270, 275, 139, 143, 168, 215, 222, 273 277, 291–293, 299 Trinity College Dublin, 4, 32, 74, 173 and Irish dominion, 216, 217, 219, Tudor, Henry Hugh, 214, 229, 231, 224, 226, 245, 248, 253, 257, 233 260, 277 and partition, 234, 259, 262, 266, 277 U pro-Treaty, 246, 268–271, 275, Ulster Herald (Omagh), 249, 266, 292, 293, 297, 298 276 reorganization, 1917-1918, 165, Ulster nationalists, 37, 44, 45, 52, 80, 180–182, 184, 190–192, 195 89, 92, 93, 99, 106, 122, 131, and Third Home Rule Bill, 83, 85, 134–136, 138–140, 142, 148, 86, 120 151, 168, 170–172, 174, 179, Smith, Frederick Edwin (1st Earl 206, 208–211, 214–216, 246, Birkenhead), 43, 44, 96, 125, 249, 251, 266, 268, 276, 278, 128, 129, 133, 219, 226, 252, 291 254, 255, 275 Ulster plantations, 122, 128, 131, Smuts, Jan, 217, 219, 249, 251 132, 148 Southborough (1st Baron), 187, 189 Ulster provisional government, 56, 71, South Dublin, 4, 34, 76, 183, 190 75, 76, 98, 99, 106, 136, 149, Southern unionists, 16, 35, 44, 76, 150, 152, 211, 273 91, 103, 106, 163, 165–168, Ulster Special Constabulary (USC), 172, 175, 176, 179, 181, 185, 214, 256, 262, 274, 278, 293, 186, 188–190, 192, 193, 195, 294 206, 216, 218, 219, 221, 224, Ulster Unionist Council (UUC), 35, 230, 291 47, 49, 51, 53, 54, 56, 75, 92, and exclusion, 48, 75, 76, 89, 94, 93, 96–98, 100, 102, 166–169, 127, 129, 130, 145, 146, 151, 171, 174, 181, 182, 185, 187, 173, 192, 193, 195, 210 188, 193, 209, 211 Spectator (London), 52, 88, 131 split with three-county unionists, Spender, Wilfrid, 213, 214 170, 171, 181, 182, 206, 211, Stamfordham (1st Baron), 143, 146 212 INDEX 337

Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF), 9, 15, and home rule, 11, 26, 39, 44, 45, 72, 73, 95, 98–102, 107, 121, 73, 102, 120, 298 125, 126, 136–138, 141–144, and Ulster unionists, 12, 14, 27, 34, 155n35, 166, 167, 213, 214, 261 35, 39, 44, 45, 47, 53, 56, 57, Ulster’s Solemn League and Covenant, 75, 78, 91, 92, 95, 106, 119, 94–96, 98, 100, 106, 123, 128, 123, 124, 130, 144, 146, 147, 211, 212 174, 182, 246, 247, 257–260, Union Defence League (UDL), 102, 262 143 United Irish League (UIL), 7, 31, 34, Unionist Anti-Partition League 85 (UAPL), 193, 210, 219 United States of America, 40, 49, 180, Unionist Clubs, 49, 74, 92 183, 209–211 Unionist Party, 102, 177, 255, 256, 260, 277, 295, 298, 299 danger of home rule split, 120, 129, W 146, 151 Willoughby de Broke (19th Baron), electoral prospects for 1915, 15, 73, 52, 101 101, 102, 107, 119, 124, 132, Wilson, Henry, 142, 227, 256, 262 138, 145, 149, 151, 152 Women’s suffrage, 6, 9, 32, 79, 125 and exclusion, 15, 27, 71, 72, Worthington-Evans, Laming, 232, 89–91, 107, 119, 151 254, 256, 259–262, 271