1919 1920 1921 1922 January Recruitment for 'Black and Tans' begins May 3 Temporary partition of January Irish War of Independence/ January 7 Anglo-Irish Treaty Northern Ireland Anglo-Irish War starts July Belfast shipyard expulsions of Catholics narrowly ratified in Dublin and 'disloyal Protestants' June 22 King George V opens first session Early Irish Volunteer Force reorganises June 1 Royal Ulster Constabulary of Northern Ireland parliament with others to form Irish Republican Army August Belfast trade boycott of British interests established July 8-11 End of Irish War of Independence/ June 28 Versailles Treaty marks official end of WWI October Ulster Special Constabulary established June 28 Irish Civil War begins Anglo-Irish War November 21 'Bloody Sunday' Dublin Ends in May 1923 December 6 Anglo-Irish Treaty signed in London Partition December 23 Government of Ireland Act 1920 Partition in Ireland: The Great Divide in Ireland: Partition Anglo Irish War/Irish War of Independence Mary Alice Young née Macnaghten Restoration of Order in Ireland Act, August 1920 Partition recollects on 1920: January 1919 to July 1921 ‘Politics were seething ... So, Westminster passed the Restoration of Order in Ireland Act, on Wednesday, 10 March, we of Ulster The Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) became Hundreds of workmen 1920 to control conflict across Ireland. Martial Law was Breaking of the Ulster Covenant of Ulster all went to Belfast for the most the primary target for the Irish Republican left the city and awful meeting I ever attended. declared in eight counties. Dáil Éireann was added to a list of The demands of the Ulster Army (IRA). On July 17, 1920 the murder of went to Dublin. It went on and on and we were banned organisations which included Sinn Féin and Cumann all desperately tired and Unionists had been conceded with RIC Divisional Commissioner Colonel Gerard WS Ref #: 971, Witness: Officer IV, 1914 na mBan. In Ballycastle the houses of Ada McNeill, cousin of BMH.WS0971. hungry when Sir Edward the exclusion of just six of the nine Smyth in County Cork added to sectarian Ronald McNeill, 1st Baron Cushendun and Roger Casement Antrim Carson asked for a show of counties of Ulster. The Irish Antrim tensions. His funeral in his hometown of hands on throwing overboard were reported as being raided by police forces. Armagh Unionist Alliance voiced the Armagh Banbridge led to a charged atmosphere BALLYCASTLE the counties of Donegal, Cavan BARRACKS RAIDED and Monaghan, because we concerns of Southern Unionists and Cavan resulting in attacks on suspected Sinn Down Policemen held up at revolver were afraid that they might point. Rifles, ammunition & The Government of Ireland Act 1920 those from the abandoned three Royal Irish Féiners. Belfast shipyards expelled Catholics grenades carried off. sink our little Ulster ship. I Clare Ulster counties. In County Cavan, Fermanagh Constabulary A sensational occurrence took place in have never heard such and ‘disloyal Protestants’, those that were Ballycastle on Sunday afternoon last, badge. when a party of Sinn Féiners, Ulster’s Prayer ‘Don’t Let Go!’ Irish political postcard depicting Monaghan and Donegal thousands Cork numbering close on twenty, made a impressive speeches as those Londonderry Courtesy of Coleraine Museum. identified with the Belfast Labour Party all nine counties of Ulster. raid on the police barracks and carried made by Lord Farnham and had signed the Ulster Covenant and off a number of rifles, ammunition, Photographic reproduction held in private collection. because of its alleged Sinn Féin sympathies. hand grenades, and Verey lights. Donegal Bob Maxwell. They had come organised into UVF divisions. Many Tyrone Courtesy of Ballymoney Free Press September 2nd, 1920. from France, where our Ulster volunteers became part of the 36th Down Battalion had been reinforced Carlow Dublin Foundation of a Legacy from these three counties, and, Ulster Division commanded by Cavan while the men out there were Major General Nugent from Mount Fermanagh Lloyd George appointed the Irish Committee in October fighting and dying for King and Nugent, County Cavan. Clare 1919 to draft new measures for Irish Home Rule: The Country, we were throwing Galway down their homes. Mr Moles Cork Government of Ireland Act. It recommended initially that was the chief opposition, with Kerry nine counties of Ulster form a separate jurisdiction his confounded statistics. Donegal Kildare controlled by a Belfast parliament and the remaining The result was to me and Dublin twenty-three controlled by Dublin. Partition was at this many others a dishonourable business. To throw over those Kilkenny Suspects being brought into Bandon Barracks Cyclists of Royal Irish Constabulary and 1st stage introduced as a short-term measure, nine counties First Ulster Cabinet in 1921 Galway Cork after a round up, possibly following Battalion Essex regiment preparing three counties on a show of From L to R: King’s County (Laois) the murder of Sergeant William Mulhern of for a joint patrol. were proposed as this was thought to make future hands was surely lacking in Kerry Sir Richard Dawson Bates, Minister for Home Affairs; the Royal Irish Constabulary in July 1920. Photographer unknown. © IWM (Q71699) reunification straightforward. Ulster Unionist leaders dignity and consideration and Photographer unknown. © IWM (Q71694) Leitrim were opposed to this and stated that they would resist so puzzling was it, that James Charles Stewart Henry Vane-Tempest-Stewart, Kildare G Leslie sitting beside me said, 7th Marquess of Londonderry, Secretary of State for Air; Limerick the bill under these terms. They negotiated the Kilkenny In Lisburn on August 22, 1920 the IRA murdered District Inspector Oswald Swanzy for “By Jove, Farnham won it”. Sir James Craig, 1st Viscount Craigavon, exclusion of just six of the historic nine Ulster counties. He hadn’t and I am sure the Prime Minister of Northern Ireland; Londonderry his involvement in the murder of the Lord Mayor of Cork Tomas Mac Curtain. DI Swanzy Burning of the Custom House (after Laois majority was strongly for had been transferred from Cork to Lisburn where his death led to hundreds of Hugh MacDowell Pollock, Minister of Finance; the fire) Dublin by IRA in an attempt Longford Moles, but we all left that to disrupt British Rule. The fire which Leitrim The Ulster Specials Sir Edward Mervyn Archdale, suspected Nationalists being driven out. meeting feeling miserable, started on 25 May, 1921, blazed for Minister of Agriculture and Commerce; Louth like traitors.' 5 days and destroyed centuries of Limerick The Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) John Miller Andrews, Minister of Labour. Local Government records. Mayo was revived by the Ulster The Recollections of Mary Alice Young née Macnaghten ©National Portrait Gallery Photographer W.D. Horgan. Courtesy of NLI. Longford UVF Armband UVF Badge (1867-1946) of Dundarave and Galgorm County Antrim. By Dr Eull Dunlop. Unionist Council in June 1920, in Courtesy of Courtesy of Meath Published by Mid-Antrim Historical Group:32. Louth response to IRA attacks. The Coleraine Museum. Coleraine Museum. On 23 December, 1920 the Government of Ireland Act passed into law outlining Monaghan Special Constables Act was parliaments for Southern Ireland, Northern Ireland and a Council of Ireland. Mayo requested and through this the Offaly Ireland was temporarily partitioned on May 3, 1921 into two separate jurisdictions. Meath Ulster Special Constabulary (USC) Queen’s County (Carlow) Monaghan was established in October 1920: These jurisdictions would begin to function following elections to both new IRA intelligence gathering, 2 2 Brigade, 2 Northern Division, IRA Cumann na mBan Roscommon Brigade, 2 Northern Division. Intelligence gathering across Donegal. War of Independence Full time A-Specials, Part Time Parliaments. In the southern Irish elections, May 24, 1921, Sinn Féin returned a Offaly Courtesy of the Bureau of Military History. Courtesy of the Bureau of Military History. Sligo Medal. B-Specials and Reservist Limavady police barracks and majority but not recognising the Irish Parliament of the 1920 Act, set up the Roscommon During the War, C-Specials. Many UVF members war memorial. second Dáil. Tipperary Cumann na mBan joined, which led to USC being Courtesy of Limavady Museum. Sligo Reinforcement provided support to Tyrone the Irish Republican regarded with distrust by the The Parliament of Northern Ireland Tipperary As resignations began to escalate Army. There were Nationalist community. Waterford within the RIC, authorities two brigades in Waterford County Antrim. ‘We, in our turn, raided the The Government of Ireland recruited temporary constables Courtesy of private collection. Westmeath Act 1920 outlined the role of Westmeath from unemployed men, many of homes of both Protestant and the executive, legislature Wexford whom were war veterans. They Catholic parents whose Sons Wexford and judiciary for the new Wicklow became known as the Black and had joined, or were about to join, Wicklow Northern State. Tans, named after a famous pack the Ulster Specials.’ Black and Tans Bureau of Military History, 1913-21 Statement document of hounds, because the uniform No. W.S. 1663. Sir Edward Carson declined © IWM Q113489 was initially a mixture of two to lead the new Northern colours. Ex-Army Officers were Ireland Government. recruited for the Auxiliary Following the May 1921 Recruiting of Special Division, a heavily armed mobile Belfast Parliament election, Inside double page illustration from Constables unit designed to combat the hit Royal Ulster and Special Constabulary PUBLIC MEETING Sir James Craig became the Crowds around the Robinson Cleaver Building Christmas card. Date unknown. IN COLERAINE In 1921 Mr Denis Henry and run tactics of the IRA. first Prime Minister of Belfast for the State Opening of Parliament in Courtesy of Coleraine Museum. NO FINER FORCE appointed Lord Chief THAN R.I.C. Justice of Northern Northern Ireland. On June Belfast City Hall. An enthusiastic meeting for the Ireland.