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Notes

Introduction

1. Throughout this book “Man” and “man” are used differentially. “Man,” with an uppercase M, denotes collective masculinity—effectively all men. “man,” with a lowercase m, denotes a flesh and blood, gendered human walking the neighbor- hood streets. 2. Agentic: having or exhibiting full agency—social cognition theory perspective in which people are producers as well as products of social systems. 3. Androcentrism: the practice, conscious or otherwise, of placing male human beings or the masculine point of view at the center of one’s view of the world and its culture and history.

Chapter 1-1

1. Antiwomen writers of the Enlightenment are further explored in Chapter 2-3, specifically in relation to biological determinism. 2. Her emphasis. 3. Thesocial death of Woman alludes to my theory detailed in Chapter 1-4 that the social death of Woman was a symbolic genocide. 4. This, of course, reminds one of ’s views on women. While it is acknowledged that the Ancient Greek were a major influence on many Enlightenment thinkers, space does not permit the inclusion of such a discussion.

Chapter 1-3

1. Primary research, June 2012—personal conversation with Malovany-Chevallier at the 20th International Conference in Oslo, Norway. 2. In later experiments, Milgram also used women. While women showed higher levels of stress, in the situation they behaved like women qua men. Beauvoir is excellent on this phenomenon. Men are, however, the focus of this book. 3. These circumstances, these conditions, are explored fully in the next chapter. 4. Phallocratic: relating to, resulting from, or advocating masculine power and dominance. 198 NOTES

Chapter 1-4

1. While also a sociocultural construct, gender operates on a more fundamen- tal ontological level in the condition of being human. This is explored in Chapter 2-3. 2. United Nations General Assembly Genocide Resolution, 1946, 96 (i). 3. This is discussed in more detail in Section II.

Chapter 1-5

1. The origin of destructive masculinity is explained in Chapter 2-5. Whether destructive masculinity is essentially and endemically male or transported across gender with masculinity as its vector is explored in Section IV. 2. In invoking ’s notion of abjection here, there is an intended ironic implication that what is abjected “out there” is also always-already from “in here,” so in effect there is no final escape from that which is abjected. 3. “Thoughtless” here means “lacking thought.”

Chapter 2-1

1. The conscious and unconscious choices men make is explored more fully in Chapter 4-6.

Chapter 2-2

1. I fully acknowledge but do not explore chromosomal abnormalities that provide exceptions to the male/female modality. I do think that such variations are wor- thy of study, but because of their comparative rarity and the limited space in this study, I leave them to others for now. 2. The phrase “swimmers in the secret sea” is borrowed from the title of a book by American novelist William Kotzwinkle (2010).

Chapter 2-3

1. This attitude has permeated since Aristotle wrote that women are not in fact fully human. Aristotle’s “first principles” are the existence of slaves by and the inferiority of women (Irwin, 1989: 358). 2. This reference to women working during II is repeated and expanded in Chapter 4-4.

Chapter 2-4

1. Editorial (leader-writer unknown), Australian Financial Review, Friday, October 29, 2012. NOTES 199

Chapter 2-5

1. Exploration of the daughter and the Oedipal schism is limited in this project, not because it is unimportant but because the topic at hand is destructive mas- culinity and its root cause.

Chapter 2-6

1. Social is explored more fully in Chapter 4-6.

Chapter 3-1

1. Thomas Kuhn was an American physicist, historian, and of sci- ence whose controversial 1962 book The Structure of Scientific was deeply influential in both academic and popular circles, introducing the term “paradigm shift.” 2. The state of being “” or “different.”

Chapter 3-2

1. Raewyn Connell, born Robert William (Bob) Connell, widely known as R. W. Connell, is a sociologist and masculinities scholar. Her work is explored in Chapter 4-4.

Chapter 3-3

1. addresses this topic in more detail in Chapter 4-4 The One- Gendered State. 2. In this book, the end of is postulated as 1991. This is explored in detail in the following chapter. 3. I am consciously paraphrasing Owens here.

Chapter 4-2

1. All examples of consumer behavior described in this chapter have as their source my own primary research over two decades, with KPMG and Roy Morgan Research as data sources.

Chapter 4-5

1. I conducted the research using Roy Morgan “Single Source” as my fieldwork provider (Australia, United States, United Kingdom, New Zealand). Analysis was conducted using Asteroid tabulation software. 200 NOTES

2. I am indebted to Steve Jones, professor of genetics at University College Lon- don, some of whose expressions used in this paragraph are drawn from the unpublished transcript of an interview conducted with him by documentary filmmaker Lou Petho. 3. Again, these are data from my own primary research, conducted in association with Roy Morgan Research. 4. W. K. Frankena provides a very good critique of Moore in “The Naturalistic Fal- lacy” published in Mind, Vol, 48, No 192 (Oct 1939) by Oxford University Press.

Chapter 4-6

1. This phrase has been informed by Eric Santner (1993: 10). References

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Abbot, Tony, 83 Bidney, David, 36 Abu Ghraib, 170, 171, 193 biological determinism, xv, 55, 57, 58, Adams, Abigail, 12 59, 60, 61, 69 Adams, John, 9, 12, 13, 15, 43 Black, Edwin, 48, 49 Adorno, Theodor, 120, 188, 189, 195 Blumberg, Rae Lesser, 78 Age of anxiety, 187, 188, 189, 190, Braidotti, Rosi, 161 191, 192 bricolage, xvi, xvii age of reason, 16 Brownmiller, Susan, 102, 103 agentic (full agency), xiv, xvi, xviii, 15, 25, 59, 91, 99, 158, 166, 174, 175, Calder, Nigel, 58 176, 182, 183, 185, 191, 195 Cantor, Norman, 19, 139, 140 Alcoff, Linda, 72 Card, Claudia, 31, 39, 39, 40, 41 Alexander, Richard, 183, 185, 187, 217 Carrigan, Tim, 165, 166 Anderson, Laurie, 127, 128 Chafetz, Janet, 79 androcentrism, xiv, 4, 5, 15, 39, 42, 43, Char, René, 135 59, 73, 74, 76, 77, 79, 93, 123, 191 Chomsky, Noam, 157, 158, 160 Arendt, Hannah, 14, 29, 32, 49, 50, 135, Chouliaraki, Lilie, 20 141, 162 chromosomes, 67, 68 Auden, W. H., 191 Churchland, Patricia, 177, 185 collective feminine, xiv, 4, 37, 38, 41, Baier, Kurt, 184, 195 47, 142 banality of evil (Arendt), 14, 49 Connell, R. W., 117, 165, 166, 168, Barta, Tony, 37 170, 171 Baudrillard, Jean, 118, 136, 138, 140 Cowley, Michael, 82, 83, 84 Bauman, Zygmunt, xiv, xvi, 3, 19, 23, Crone, Manni, 180, 183 29, 30, 36, 42, 47, 49, 50, 82, 101, cultural imaginary, xiv, xvii, 5, 6, 20, 113, 114, 118, 135, 136, 137, 150, 26, 33, 36, 37, 41, 47, 63, 87, 89, 94, 155, 156, 170, 171, 175, 180, 183, 95, 108, 114, 121, 122, 141, 142, 161, 184, 192, 193 163, 173 Beattie, Tina, 107 Beauvoir, Simone de, 21, 27, 28, 30, dark other space (Foucault), 23, 28, 33, 31, 32, 37, 49, 59, 60, 61, 63, 66, 67, 37, 42, 47, 142, 176 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 75, 77, 84, 101, Darwin, Charles, 7, 9, 14, 15, 18, 43, 104, 142, 169, 194 60, 61, 72, 178, 179, 180 Benjamin, Walter, 188, 189 Darwin, Erasmus, 7, 32 214 INDEX

Davis, Colin, 5, 59, 135, 137, 138, Foster, Hal, 111 142, 162 Foucault, Michel, 5, 6, 7, 15, 16, 17, 23, Dawkins, Richard, 57, 58, 64, 72, 35, 108, 109, 159 177, 179 Frawley, David, 154 deep/depth ideology, 11, 118, 120, 129, French Republic, 10, 11 139, 191 French Revolution, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, Derrida, Jacques, 44, 75, 108, 109, 124, 13, 14, 27, 28, 35, 139 135, 137, 138, 148, 159 Freud, Sigmund, 65, 70, 87, 88, 89, 90, des Pres, Terrence, 84 97, 101, 141, 159, 165, 187, 188, 192 Descartes, René, 6, 26 Fukuyama, Francis, 140 Dichter, Ernest, 116 DNA, 66, 68, 179 Gadamer, Hans-Georg, 18 Docx, Edward, 109, 110, 111, 113, 116, Gaus, Gerald, 184 121, 129, 130, 131, 132 Geddes, Patrick, 70 Donskis, Leonidas, 136, 150, 156, 171, gender inequality, xvi, 9, 16, 25, 61, 70, 192, 193, 194 73, 79, 80 Dworkin, Andrea, 91 gender inequity, 76, 89, 95, 160 gender stereotypes, 68, 77, 78, 79, 80, Eagleton, Terry, 118 82, 84, 85, 143 Eden without Eve, 21, 42, 44, 89, 192 genes, xiii, 55, 57, 58, 59, 64, 67, 68, Ehrenreich, Barbara, 117 177, 178, 179, 180, 184, 186 Eichmann, Adolf, 23, 29 genocide, xiv, 28, 29, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, Einstein, Albert, 21, 82 40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 47, 49, 59, 82, 102, Eisenstein, Zillah, 168, 192 107, 169, 170, 171, 172, 188 Eliot, T. S., 136, 138, 139, 140 genocide of Woman, xiv, xv, 36, 37, 41, Emile (Rousseau), 9, 10 42, 44, 45, 50, 51, 55, 63, 73, 74, 85, Enlightenment, xiv, xv, xvi, xvii, 3, 4, 108, 123, 141, 142, 145, 160, 163, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 167, 170, 173, 174, 188, 189, 192 18, 21, 26, 33, 35, 43, 77, 79, 108, genotype, 57, 177, 186 123, 135, 137, 141, 145, 149, 154, Germon, Jennifer, 116 158, 161, 194, 195 Gillard, Julia, 83 essentialism, xiii, xv, 37, 61, 65, 69, 70, Gladwell, Malcolm, 192 90, 91, 165 Gouges, Olympe de, 9, 11 evolution, 5, 6, 7, 14, 56, 57, 58, 70, 97, Gould, Carol, 26 107, 111, 130, 140, 177, 178, 179, Gould, Stephen J, 57, 64, 177, 186 180, 181, 182, 183, 195 Gribbin, John, 107, 111 Grosz, Elizabeth, 64, 65, 72, 74, 75, 76 Fairclough, Norman, 20 Guenther, Lisa, 75 Farrelly, Colin, 76 Gunderson, Joan, 12, 13 Fausto-Sterling, Anne, 61 Felski, Rita, 6, 17, 20, 21, 25, 26, 28, 79, Habermas, Jürgen, 17, 110, 139 130, 137 habituation, 83 Fieser, James, 180, 181, 182 Halberstam, Judith (Jack), 166, 167, First World War, 27, 28, 31, 35 168, 169, 173 flux, 72, 135, 137, 139, 153, 155, 163 Halter, Reese, 172, 173 Forsythe, William, 124, 125, 126 Hamilton, V. Lee, 42 INDEX 215

Hartman, Geoffrey, 82, 84 Kierkegaard, Søren, 113, 171 Hartsock, Nancy, 159 Kimmel, Michael, 98, 103 Hefner, Hugh, 117 Kincheloe, Joe, xvi Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 9, 43, Kirby, Alan, 147, 149 59, 60, 68, 72, 88, 104, 139 knowledge culture, xvi, 147, 148, hegemony, 10, 19, 33, 55, 108, 113, 129, 149, 150, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 160, 162 158, 161, 162, 174, 187, 188, Heidegger, Martin, 142, 159 194, 195 Heineman, Elizabeth, 102 Kornberger, Martin, 26 Heisenberg, Werner, 110, 137, 141 Kressel, Neil, 190 Heller, Agnes, 114, 154, 161 Kristeva, Julia, 64, 71, 90, 162, 170 Hess, Amanda, 144, 145 Kuhn, Thomas, 108 heterotopia, xvii, 15, 23, 28, 33, 37, 42, 47, 55, 74, 85, 87, 90, 91, 115, 142, Lacan, Jacques, 64, 72, 75, 87, 89, 90, 160, 176 119, 128, 159, 188 Hicks, Stephen, 109, 116, 221 Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste, 7, 14, 178, 179 Hobbes, Thomas, 27 Le Dœuff, Michèle, 73 Hollerith system, 48 Lee, John, 165, 166 Holocaust, xiv, 23, 26, 27, 28, 29, 35, Leonard, Stephen Pax, 154 36, 38, 44, 47, 48, 49, 50, 84, 108, 187 Les Samouraïs (Kristeva), 162 Horney, Karen, 88, 93, 94 Louis XV, 7, 8 Houellebecq, Michel, 193 Louis XVI, 8 humanism, xiv, 5, 16, 138, 161, Lucifer Effect, 30 175, 195 Lyotard, Jean-François, 108, 109, 110, Humphrey, Nicholas, 55, 56 111, 135, 163, 190 Hutcheon, Linda, 50 Huxley, Thomas, 182 MacKinnon, Catharine, xiv, 38, 43, 74, 81, 82, 85, 92, 102, 103, 166 IBM, 48, 49 Madame de Pompadour, 7, 9 incommensurability, 108, 109, 110 Malamuth, Neil, 98, 99, 166 Information Age, 125, 126, 147, Malovany-Chevallier, Sheila, 27 149, 154 Marie Antoinette, 8 Insco, James, 31, 32 Marini, Margaret Mooney, 63, 76, 77, Irigaray, Luce, 21, 37, 38, 72, 75, 77, 89 78, 79, 80 irrealities, xvii, 132, 139, 147, 189 Marsh, Abigail, 184, 185, 186 Marshall, Barbara, 25, 26, 33, 37, 195 Jensen, Robert, 91, 92, 93 Martin, Emily, 68 Jews, 29, 32, 35, 36, 44, 47, 48, 49, Marx, Karl, 22, 23, 26, 126, 135, 159 152, 187 masculine ethos, xiv, 4, 7, 10, 15, 16 Jones, Adam, 37, 40 masculine self-loathing, 188, 189, 190, 191 Kant, Immanuel, 5, 6, 26, 35, 50, 113, Maslow, Abraham, 58, 88, 161, 162 175, 181 Masonic Lodge, 12 Kelman, Herbert, 42, 99 Meeker, B. F., 79 Keniston, Kenneth, 149, 154, 155 Mensch, James, 50 Kerber, Linda, 13 Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, 71, 72 216 INDEX metanarrative, xv, 109, 135, 141, 142, Palmer, Craig T., 97, 98, 104 149, 163, 195 Pateman, Carole, 36, 37, 74, 80 Miles, Graeme, xiii, xiv, 3, 91, 171 Patterson, Orlando, 40, 44, 163 Milgram, Stanley, xiv, 29, 30, 42, 49 Peterson, Dale, 57, 64, 177 Mitcheson, Katrina, 88, 91, 101 phallocracy, 26, 33, 37, 42, 43, Mithen, Steve, 56 44, 47, 75, 88, 89, 92, 93, 116, Mitscherlich, Alexander and Margarete, 118, 157 187, 188, 189 phene, 176, 177, 178, 182, Moi, Toril, 61, 65, 66, 69, 70, 90, 170 184, 186 monoculture, xvi, 147, 148, 149, 150, phenotype, 57, 177, 186 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, Pinker, Steven, 177 161, 162, 175, 187, 188, 190, 192 Playboy, 117 monogender, 158, 160, 176 politics of indifference, xiv, 11, 16, 31, Moore, G. E., 181, 182 82, 83, 118, 120 moral becoming, xvi, 180, 181, 182, pornography, 103, 147, 150, 191 185, 194 poststructuralism, 65, 66, 69, 70, 75, moral blindness, 82, 85, 118, 149, 150, 76, 90, 137, 141, 142 174, 190 Psellos, Michael, xiii, xiv, 3, 4, 89, 91, moral citizens, 175, 176, 181 95, 171, 190 Moral Gene, 177, 185, 186 psyche, 3, 56, 64, 69, 70, 71, 72, 87, 88, Moral Phene theory, xviii, 179, 186 92, 97, 99, 165, 170, 180, 182 mother womb, 21, 87, 130, 170, 190 Mourning and Melancholia (Freud), 188 quantum theory, 22, 107, 110, 111, 124, myth, xvii, 21, 36, 37, 44, 88, 89, 100, 135, 137, 138, 171, 173, 191 101, 131, 140, 154, 163 mythical figure of Woman, 36, 38, Radstone, Susannah, 138, 141, 188 41, 163 rape and sexual assault, xiii, 4, 15, 31, 38, 82, 91, 93, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, narcissism, 21, 92, 137, 141, 155, 171, 102, 103, 166 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 195 reason, 4, 5, 6, 10, 14, 16, 18, 21, 26, 35, Natoli, Joseph, 50 36, 79, 107, 108, 112, 114, 120, 122, networked narratives, 142, 150, 153, 162 142, 145 Nietzsche, Friedrich, 75, 88, 89, 90, 95, reciprocal altruism, 177, 178, 181, 182, 101, 124, 159, 171, 177 183, 185 Nuremberg defense, 31 remasculinization, xv, xvi, 141, 143, 144, 150, 158, 168, 192, 193 Oedipal schism, xiv, xv, 26, 87, 89, 90, Ricoeur, Paul, 121, 122 91, 92, 93, 95, 99, 100, 103, 170, 188, Rogers, Carl Ransom, 59, 99 189, 194 Rorty, Richard, 38, 109, 114, Oldenburg, Ray, 152 124, 148 On the Origin of Species (Darwin), 178 Ross-Smith, Anne, 26 Other, 38, 44, 69, 73, 75, 78, 84, 90, Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 100, 114, 121, 123, 128, 141, 150, 14, 15, 43, 60, 72 151, 159, 180 Roy Morgan Research, xi, 143, Owens, Craig, 108, 120, 121, 127, 128 158, 160 INDEX 217

Santner, Eric, 22, 135, 163, 187, 188, Thatcher, Margaret, 126, 127, 169 189, 190, 192 The Age of Anxiety(Auden), 191 Sartre, Jean-Paul, 30, 72, 159, 161, 165, Thomson, J. Arthur, 70 166 Thornhill, Randy, 97, 98, 104 Schrödinger, Erwin, 33, 150 Tomlinson, Max, 59, 60, 61, 72 Second World War, xiv, 27, 28, 31, 35, tyrannical reason, 27, 35, 43, 85, 107 43, 45, 78, 102, 107, 115, 129, 148, 159, 173 uncertainty principle, 123, 137 Seidler, Victor, 168, 169, 194, 195 unearned privilege of men, v, 43, 146, Self-Analysis (Horney), 93 166, 167, 191 sex and gender, 63, 64, 65, 66, 70, 71 Universal Declaration of Human simultaneity, 148, 152, 158, 164, 165, Rights, 38 169, 180, 208 utility (usefulness), 19, 20, 43, 78, 153, Sloterdijk, Peter, 119, 120, 122 155, 156, 160 Smith, Daniel, 191 social death, xiv, 15, 21, 26, 33, 36, 37, Vaknin, Shmuel, 189, 190 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 44, 51, 88, 120, 145, 146, 160, 163, 171, 188, 190 war against nature, xiii, xiv, 172, 173, social intelligence, 55, 56, 59, 98, 99 174, 194, 195 social morality, 101, 118, 144, 156, 161, Warren, Mary-Anne, 39, 40 184, 195 Weber, Max, 22, 23, 26, 156 Sontag, Susan, 137 Weismann, August, 67, 179 Spencer, Herbert, 60, 72, 180, 181, 183 Weitz, Morris, 138, 139 Spivak, Gayatri, xv, 72, 93 Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 109 Stalin, Joseph, 40 Witz, Anne, 25, 26, 33, 37, 195 Stewart, Thomas, 147 Wollstonecraft, Mary, 10, 12 superior orders, 31, 32, 102 Wrangham, Richard, 57, 58, 64, 177 Wright, Robert, 177 Tatman, Lucy, xi, xvii, 36, 142, 173 temporality, 30, 108, 110, 121, 138, 139, Zimbardo, Philip, xiv, 30, 170 140, 141, 142 Žižek, Slavoj, xv, 89, 119, 120, 122, 127