Notes Introduction 1. Throughout this book “Man” and “man” are used differentially. “Man,” with an uppercase M, denotes collective masculinity—effectively all men. “man,” with a lowercase m, denotes a flesh and blood, gendered human walking the neighbor- hood streets. 2. Agentic: having or exhibiting full agency—social cognition theory perspective in which people are producers as well as products of social systems. 3. Androcentrism: the practice, conscious or otherwise, of placing male human beings or the masculine point of view at the center of one’s view of the world and its culture and history. Chapter 1-1 1. Antiwomen writers of the Enlightenment are further explored in Chapter 2-3, specifically in relation to biological determinism. 2. Her emphasis. 3. Thesocial death of Woman alludes to my theory detailed in Chapter 1-4 that the social death of Woman was a symbolic genocide. 4. This, of course, reminds one of Aristotle’s views on women. While it is acknowledged that the Ancient Greek philosophers were a major influence on many Enlightenment thinkers, space does not permit the inclusion of such a discussion. Chapter 1-3 1. Primary research, June 2012—personal conversation with Malovany-Chevallier at the 20th International Simone de Beauvoir Conference in Oslo, Norway. 2. In later experiments, Milgram also used women. While women showed higher levels of stress, in the situation they behaved like women qua men. Beauvoir is excellent on this phenomenon. Men are, however, the focus of this book. 3. These circumstances, these conditions, are explored fully in the next chapter. 4. Phallocratic: relating to, resulting from, or advocating masculine power and dominance. 198 NOTES Chapter 1-4 1. While also a sociocultural construct, gender operates on a more fundamen- tal ontological level in the condition of being human. This is explored in Chapter 2-3. 2. United Nations General Assembly Genocide Resolution, 1946, 96 (i). 3. This is discussed in more detail in Section II. Chapter 1-5 1. The origin of destructive masculinity is explained in Chapter 2-5. Whether destructive masculinity is essentially and endemically male or transported across gender with masculinity as its vector is explored in Section IV. 2. In invoking Julia Kristeva’s notion of abjection here, there is an intended ironic implication that what is abjected “out there” is also always-already from “in here,” so in effect there is no final escape from that which is abjected. 3. “Thoughtless” here means “lacking thought.” Chapter 2-1 1. The conscious and unconscious choices men make is explored more fully in Chapter 4-6. Chapter 2-2 1. I fully acknowledge but do not explore chromosomal abnormalities that provide exceptions to the male/female modality. I do think that such variations are wor- thy of study, but because of their comparative rarity and the limited space in this study, I leave them to others for now. 2. The phrase “swimmers in the secret sea” is borrowed from the title of a book by American novelist William Kotzwinkle (2010). Chapter 2-3 1. This attitude has permeated since Aristotle wrote that women are not in fact fully human. Aristotle’s “first principles” are the existence of slaves by nature and the inferiority of women (Irwin, 1989: 358). 2. This reference to women working during World War II is repeated and expanded in Chapter 4-4. Chapter 2-4 1. Editorial (leader-writer unknown), Australian Financial Review, Friday, October 29, 2012. NOTES 199 Chapter 2-5 1. Exploration of the daughter and the Oedipal schism is limited in this project, not because it is unimportant but because the topic at hand is destructive mas- culinity and its root cause. Chapter 2-6 1. Social morality is explored more fully in Chapter 4-6. Chapter 3-1 1. Thomas Kuhn was an American physicist, historian, and philosopher of sci- ence whose controversial 1962 book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions was deeply influential in both academic and popular circles, introducing the term “paradigm shift.” 2. The state of being “Other” or “different.” Chapter 3-2 1. Raewyn Connell, born Robert William (Bob) Connell, widely known as R. W. Connell, is a sociologist and masculinities scholar. Her work is explored in Chapter 4-4. Chapter 3-3 1. Noam Chomsky addresses this topic in more detail in Chapter 4-4 The One- Gendered State. 2. In this book, the end of postmodernity is postulated as 1991. This is explored in detail in the following chapter. 3. I am consciously paraphrasing Owens here. Chapter 4-2 1. All examples of consumer behavior described in this chapter have as their source my own primary research over two decades, with KPMG and Roy Morgan Research as data sources. Chapter 4-5 1. 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