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Supplementary Chapter: Technical Notes
Supplementary Chapter: Technical Notes Tomoki Nakaya, Keisuke Fukui, and Kazumasa Hanaoka This supplementary provides the details of several advanced principle, tends to be statistically unstable when ei is methods and analytical procedures used for the atlas project. small. Bayesian hierarchical modelling with spatially structured random effects provides flexible inference frameworks to T1 Spatial Smoothing for Small-Area-Based obtain statistically stable and spatially smoothed estimates of Disease Mapping: BYM Model and Its the area-specific relative risk. The most popular model is the Implementation BYM model after the three authors who originally proposed it, Besag, York, and Mollié (Besag et al. 1991). The model T. Nakaya without covariates is shown as: oe|θθ~Poisson Disease mapping using small areas such as municipalities in ii ()ii this atlas often suffers from the problem of small numbers. log()θα=+vu+ In the case of mapping SMRs, small numbers of deaths in a iii spatial unit cause unstable SMRs and make it difficult to where α is a constant representing the overall risk, and vi and read meaningful geographic patterns over the map of SMRs. ui are unstructured and spatially structured random effects, To overcome this problem, spatial smoothing using statisti- respectively. The unstructured random effect is a simple cal modelling is a common practice in spatial white noise representing the geographically independent epidemiology. fluctuation of the relative risk: When we can consider the events of deaths to occur inde- vN~.0,σ 2 pendently with a small probability, it is reasonable to assume iv() the following Poisson process: The spatially structured random effect models the spatial correlation of the area-specific relative risks among neigh- oe|θθ~Poisson ii ()ii bouring areas: where oi and ei are the observed and expected numbers of wu deaths in area i, and is the relative risk of death in area i. -
Did You Know?
Did You Know? By *Marjorie Charlot Black presence in the military and in wars can be traced to various periods of the ancient world and across cultures. Jugurtha was a North African patriot who initiated the Jugurthine War (112–105 B.C.). His guerrilla warfare would inflict embarrassing defeat upon the Roman legions. Authors Brunson and Rashidi quote Graham Webster when he wrote, “The wars of Jugurtha demonstrated the value of the nimble Moorish horsemen who Trajan later found so useful against the Dacians.”1 Black Conquistadors Juan Bardales was a free black slave who participated in the conquests of Honduras and Panama. For the part he played in the conquest of Honduras, he received an award consisting of an annual subsidy of 50 pesos.2 Nuflo de Olano was a slave conquistador and explorer. He was part of the Vasco Núñez de Balboa expedition, along with 30 other Africans, 190 Spaniards, and 1,000 Native Americans when they went through the jungle to cross the Isthmus of Panama. De Olano in 1513 was with Balboa when they first saw the Pacific Ocean.3 Antonio Pérez was a free North African who was a cavalryman and one of Diego de Losada’s most valued captains in 1568. Pérez took part in the conquest of Venezuela.4 He was described as “an old soldier of African wars who had been with the emperor at the storming of Tunis.”5 Juan Portugués was either black African or black Portuguese. He was involved in the conquest of Venezuela.6 Miguel Ruíz was a free Spanish mulatto who was a conquistador in Peru and one of two blacks in Francisco Pizarro’s company at Cajamarca. -
Tokugawa Ieyasu, Shogun
Tokugawa Ieyasu, Shogun 徳川家康 Tokugawa Ieyasu, Shogun Constructed and resided at Hamamatsu Castle for 17 years in order to build up his military prowess into his adulthood. Bronze statue of Tokugawa Ieyasu in his youth 1542 (Tenbun 11) Born in Okazaki, Aichi Prefecture (Until age 1) 1547 (Tenbun 16) Got kidnapped on the way taken to Sunpu as a hostage and sold to Oda Nobuhide. (At age 6) 1549 (Tenbun 18) Hirotada, his father, was assassinated. Taken to Sunpu as a hostage of Imagawa Yoshimoto. (At age 8) 1557 (Koji 3) Marries Lady Tsukiyama and changes his name to Motoyasu. (At age 16) 1559 (Eiroku 2) Returns to Okazaki to pay a visit to the family grave. Nobuyasu, his first son, is born. (At age 18) 1560 (Eiroku 3) Oda Nobunaga defeats Imagawa Yoshimoto in Okehazama. (At age 19) 1563 (Eiroku 6) Engagement of Nobuyasu, Ieyasu’s eldest son, with Tokuhime, the daughter of Nobunaga. Changes his name to Ieyasu. Suppresses rebellious groups of peasants and religious believers who opposed the feudal ruling. (At age 22) 1570 (Genki 1) Moves from Okazaki 天龍村to Hamamatsu and defeats the Asakura clan at the Battle of Anegawa. (At age 29) 152 1571 (Genki 2) Shingen invades Enshu and attacks several castles. (At age 30) 豊根村 川根本町 1572 (Genki 3) Defeated at the Battle of Mikatagahara. (At age 31) 東栄町 152 362 Takeda Shingen’s151 Path to the Totoumi Province Invasion The Raid of the Battlefield Saigagake After the fall of the Imagawa, Totoumi Province 犬居城 武田本隊 (別説) Saigagake Stone Monument 山県昌景隊天竜区 became a battlefield between Ieyasu and Takeda of Yamagata Takeda Main 堀之内の城山Force (another theoried the Kai Province. -
By Municipality) (As of March 31, 2020)
The fiber optic broadband service coverage rate in Japan as of March 2020 (by municipality) (As of March 31, 2020) Municipal Coverage rate of fiber optic Prefecture Municipality broadband service code for households (%) 11011 Hokkaido Chuo Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11029 Hokkaido Kita Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11037 Hokkaido Higashi Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11045 Hokkaido Shiraishi Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11053 Hokkaido Toyohira Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11061 Hokkaido Minami Ward, Sapporo City 99.94 11070 Hokkaido Nishi Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11088 Hokkaido Atsubetsu Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11096 Hokkaido Teine Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11100 Hokkaido Kiyota Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 12025 Hokkaido Hakodate City 99.62 12033 Hokkaido Otaru City 100.00 12041 Hokkaido Asahikawa City 99.96 12050 Hokkaido Muroran City 100.00 12068 Hokkaido Kushiro City 99.31 12076 Hokkaido Obihiro City 99.47 12084 Hokkaido Kitami City 98.84 12092 Hokkaido Yubari City 90.24 12106 Hokkaido Iwamizawa City 93.24 12114 Hokkaido Abashiri City 97.29 12122 Hokkaido Rumoi City 97.57 12131 Hokkaido Tomakomai City 100.00 12149 Hokkaido Wakkanai City 99.99 12157 Hokkaido Bibai City 97.86 12165 Hokkaido Ashibetsu City 91.41 12173 Hokkaido Ebetsu City 100.00 12181 Hokkaido Akabira City 97.97 12190 Hokkaido Monbetsu City 94.60 12203 Hokkaido Shibetsu City 90.22 12211 Hokkaido Nayoro City 95.76 12220 Hokkaido Mikasa City 97.08 12238 Hokkaido Nemuro City 100.00 12246 Hokkaido Chitose City 99.32 12254 Hokkaido Takikawa City 100.00 12262 Hokkaido Sunagawa City 99.13 -
Oda Nobunaga in Japanese Videogames the Case of Nobunaga’S Ambition: Sphere of Influence (Koei, 2013)
Trabajo Fin de Máster Oda Nobunaga en los videojuegos japoneses El caso de Nobunaga’s Ambition: Sphere of Influence (Koei, 2013) Oda Nobunaga in Japanese videogames The case of Nobunaga’s Ambition: Sphere of Influence (Koei, 2013) Autora Claudia Bonillo Fernández Directoras Elena Barlés Báguena Amparo Martínez Herranz Facultad de Filosofía y Letras/ Departamento de Historia del Arte Curso 2017-2018 2 ÍNDICE I. PRESENTACIÓN DEL TRABAJO .......................................................................................................................... 3 1. Delimitación del tema y causas de su elección ..................................................................................................... 3 2. Estado de la cuestión ............................................................................................................................................. 5 3. Objetivos del trabajo ............................................................................................................................................. 9 4. Metodología .......................................................................................................................................................... 9 4.1. Búsqueda, recopilación, lectura y análisis de material bibliográfico ........................................................... 10 4.2. Búsqueda, recopilación, lectura y análisis de material documental ............................................................. 11 4.3. Trabajo de campo ........................................................................................................................................ -
Redalyc.Tokugawa Ieyasu and the Christian Daimyó During the Crisis
Bulletin of Portuguese - Japanese Studies ISSN: 0874-8438 [email protected] Universidade Nova de Lisboa Portugal Costa Oliveira e, João Paulo Tokugawa Ieyasu and the Christian Daimyó during the Crisis Of 1600 Bulletin of Portuguese - Japanese Studies, núm. 7, december, 2003, pp. 45-71 Universidade Nova de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=36100703 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative BPJS, 2003, 7, 45-71 TOKUGAWA IEYASU AND THE CHRISTIAN DAIMYÓ DURING THE CRISIS OF 1600 1 João Paulo Oliveira e Costa Centro de História de Além-Mar, New University of Lisbon The process of the political reunification of the Japanese Empire 2 underwent its last great crisis in the period between the death of Toyotomi Hideyoshi 豊臣秀吉 (1536-1598),3 in September 1598, and the Battle of Seki- gahara, in October 1600. The entire process was at risk of being aborted, which could have resulted in the country lapsing back into the state of civil war and anarchy in which it had lived for more than a century.4 However, an individual by the name of Tokugawa Ieyasu 徳川家康 (1543-1616) 5 shrewdly took advantage of the hesitation shown by many of his rivals and the military weakness or lack of strategic vision on the part of others to take control of the Japanese Empire, which would remain in the hands of his family for more than 250 years. -
1513-Kano Motonobu and Soami Decorate the Abbot's Quarters of The
Chronology 1467- - Onin War: collapse of ccntral authority; beginning of Sengoku 1477 period 1471 - death of the dobo Noami 1474 - Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimasa abandons his office (7 January; Bunmei 5/12/19) 1476? - Soami completes the compilation of the handbook on Higashi- yama aesthetics, Kundaikan sochoki, begun by Noami 1479 - Yamashina Honganji founded by Rennyo, the pontiff of the True Pure Land sect 1482 - Ashikaga Yoshimasa begins building the Higashiyama Villa (site of the Silver Pavilion) 1484 - by this year, a local autonomous council called the Egoshu is functioning in Sakai 1485 - local leaders of the province of Yamashiro form a league (ikki) and take over the administration of the southern part of the prov- ince (until 1493) 1488 - adherents of the True Pure Land sect, organized as the Ikko ikki, take over the province of Kaga (until 1580) 1490 - death of Ashikaga Yoshimasa 1496 - Rennyo founds the Ishiyama Dojo in Osaka: forerunner of the Ishiyama Honganji 1500 - the Gion Festival, lapsed since the Onin War, is revived in Kyoto 1502 - death of the tea master Murata Shuko 1505 - the great popularity of Bon odori in Kyoto causes the shogunate to prohibit the dance 1506 - death ofthe painter Sesshu Toyd (b. 1420) 1507 - Tosa Mitsunobu paints a screen depicting Kyoto for the Asakura daimyo ofEchizen: a prototype Rakuchu-Rakugai-zu byobu X CHRONOLOGY 1513 - Kano Motonobu and Soami decorate the Abbot's Quarters of the Daisen 'in 1515 - Toyohara Sumiaki writes Taigensho, a study of court music 1517 - the rcnga master Saiokuken -
OFFICIAL GAZETTE ENGLISH 80VERNMENT PRINTING AGENGY J ED1VONJ Bg*Q-+-*#+-Fl£+B *=##Ffiib^R
OFFICIAL GAZETTE ENGLISH 80VERNMENT PRINTING AGENGY j ED1VONJ Bg*Q-+-*#+-fl£+B *=##ffiIB^r EXTRA No. 12 THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 15, 1951 their usual place of residence on land pro- NOTIFICATIONS vided they had one, regardless of time re- maining aboard ship. They were enumerat- Prime Minister's Office Notification ed as living aboard ship, of course, if they No. 24 had no other place of residence; February 15, 1951 (5) Persons in prisons and juvenile detention According to the results of the 1950 Census of houses whose penalties had been fixed were Population, the population ofx Aichi-ken, Fuku- enumerated at these institutions. Persons shima-ken, Fukui-ken, Miyagi-ken, Ishikawa-ken, who were detained but whose penalties were Tochigi-ken, Yamagata-ken, Shimane-ken, Kochi- not fixed were enumerated at their usual ken, Ibaragi-ken, Niigata-ken, Kumamoto-ken, place of residence outside the institution ; Nagano-ken, Yamaguchi-ken, Nagasaki-ken, Aki- (6) Persons who had no usual place of resid- ta-ken, Ehime-ken and Gifu-ken and the gun, ence were enumerated at the place where shi, ku, maehi and mura within these prefec- they were staying on October 1, 1950. tures, as of October 1, is as follows: Figures in parentheses in these tables show Prime Minister the number of persons enumerated in prisons YOSHIDA Shigeru and juvenile detention houses, according to item Population of To, Do, Fu, Ken, Gun, Shi, (5) of the preceding paragraph. Thess numbers Ku, Machi (Cho) and Mura (Son) are, of course, included in the total shown for each area. In accordance with Article 5 paragraph 1 of In accordance with Article 5 paragraph 1 of the Cabinet Order for the Census of 1950 (Cabi- the Cabinet Order for the Census of 1950, the net Order No. -
Encyclopedia of Japanese History
An Encyclopedia of Japanese History compiled by Chris Spackman Copyright Notice Copyright © 2002-2004 Chris Spackman and contributors Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License.” Table of Contents Frontmatter........................................................... ......................................5 Abe Family (Mikawa) – Azukizaka, Battle of (1564)..................................11 Baba Family – Buzen Province............................................... ..................37 Chang Tso-lin – Currency............................................... ..........................45 Daido Masashige – Dutch Learning..........................................................75 Echigo Province – Etō Shinpei................................................................ ..78 Feminism – Fuwa Mitsuharu................................................... ..................83 Gamō Hideyuki – Gyoki................................................. ...........................88 Habu Yoshiharu – Hyūga Province............................................... ............99 Ibaraki Castle – Izu Province..................................................................118 Japan Communist Party – Jurakutei Castle............................................135 -
Oda Nobunaga En Los Videojuegos De Japón
ISBN 978-84-17157-60-9 ISBN 978-84-17157-60-9 Colección Historia y Videojuegos 9788417 157609 9788417 157609 5 VIDEOJUEGOS E HISTORIA: ENTRE EL OCIO Y LA CULTURA Juan Francisco Jiménez Alcázar Gerardo F. Rodríguez (Coords.) VIDEOJUEGOS E HISTORIA: ENTRE EL OCIO Y LA CULTURA ediciones Proyecto de investigación I+D+I: Proyecto de investigación I+D+I: Historia y videojuegos (II): cono- Historia y videojuegos (II): cono- cimiento, aprendizaje y proyección cimiento, aprendizaje y proyección del pasado en la sociedad digital del pasado en la sociedad digital (HAR2016-78147-P) (HAR2016-78147-P) 5 Juan Francisco Jiménez Alcázar y Gerardo F. Rodríguez (Coords.) Videojuegos e historia: entre el ocio y la cultura Colección Historia y Videojuegos nº 5 Videojuegos e historia: entre el ocio y la cultura / J.F. Jiménez y G.F. Rodríguez (Coords.).– Murcia : Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2018. – (Colección Historia y Videojuegos ; 5) (Editum) I.S.B.N.: 978-84-17157-60-9 Videojuegos-Aspectos culturales. Jiménez Alcázar, Juan Francisco. Rodríguez, Gerardo (Gerardo Fabián), (1967-) Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones. 794:004.4 1ª Edición 2018 Reservados todos los derechos. De acuerdo con la legislación vigente, y bajo las sanciones en ella previstas, queda totalmente prohibida la reproducción y/o transmisión parcial o total de este libro, por procedimientos mecánicos o electrónicos, incluyendo fotocopia, grabación magnética, óptica o cualesquiera otros procedimientos que la técnica permita o pueda permitir en el futuro, sin la expresa autorización por escrito de los propietarios del copyright. Proyecto de investigación I+D+I: Historia y videojuegos (II): conocimiento, aprendizaje y proyección del pasado en la sociedad digital (HAR2016-78147-P). -
Visualization for Changes in Relationships Between Historical Figures in Chronicles
Visualization for Changes in Relationships between Historical Figures in Chronicles Masahiko ITOH Mina AKAISHI Institute of Industrial Science Faculty of Computer and Information Sciences The University of Tokyo, Japan Hosei University, Japan [email protected] PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency [email protected] Abstract Our framework first provides a mechanism for extract- ing networks of historical figures from historical data and A huge number of historical documents that have been for visualizing time-varying changes in the structure of net- accumulated for a long time are currently being digitized. works along with a timeline in a 3D space. It also allows However, it is difficult for us to analyze and obtain insight users to extract networks of people with multiple aspects into the past from such documents. This paper proposes such as “battle” or “gift” and to compare the differences an interactive visualization system to extract networks of and similarities in their evolutions. Users can observe the historical figures from historical data and to show time- appearances of groups of people, the important persons in varying changes in their relationships. It enables users to these groups, and changes in the structure of the groups. explore changes in the structure of the network interactively. It is desirable to grasp not only structural changes but Moreover, it extracts characteristics of each relationship, also characteristics of relationships between people, such as such as hostile or friendly relations, and visualizes them on friendly or unfriendly relationships. We therefore provide the network. It enables us to understand changes in past so- mechanisms for extracting components of relationships and ciety better by exploring changes in relationships between visualizing them by coloring them different colors. -
Fürst Akechi Mitsuhide (1528? – 1582)
1 Fürst Akechi Mitsuhide (1528? – 1582) Da meine Familie das Kamon (= Familienwappen) mit dem Kikyo (Ballonblume) trägt wie Akechi Mitsuhide, kann es sein, dass es eine Verbindung gibt zwischen diesem und unserer Familie. Aus diesem Grund, und weil Akechi Mitsuhide für meine Augen als ein ehrbarer Samurai erscheint, habe ich mich entschlossen, über diesen im Ausland kaum bekannten aber in Japan sehr berühmten Samurai-Fürst zu schreiben. Allerdings hat auch ein anderer berühmter Fürst Kato Kiyomasa, der etwas später als Akechi gelebt hat, auch dieses Kamon getragen. Daher ist es nicht klar, zu welchem von Beiden unsere Familie näher steht. Dokumentarisch belegt ist, dass meine Familie mütterlicherseits im Nord-Kyûshû (der südlichsten der vier Hauptinseln Japans) gelebt hat. Akechi Mitsuhide soll in seiner Zeit als Rônin (= herrenloser Samurai) auch im Nord-Kyushu verweilt haben. Und Katô Kiyomasa hatte sein Herrscahftsgebiet im Mittel-Kyûshû. Außerdem gibt es die Theorie, dass sowohl Akechi als auch Kato einer gemeinsamen Sippe namens Toki angehört haben. Die Zeit und die Begegnung mit Oda Nobunaga Im Gegensatz zu einer weit verbreiteten Volksmeinung steht die heutige Geschichtsforschung ihm ziemlich positiv gegenüber. Denn lange galt er als Herrenmörder, und obwohl er für 11 Tage lang zwischen der Ära von Oda Nobunaga und der von Toyotomi Hideyoshi Herrscher über Japan war, wird dies oft nicht erwähnt. (Anm.: wenn der ganze Name geschrieben wird, kommt der Familienname zuerst, wie das in Japan üblich ist. Damals wurden auch nur Vornamen bei V.I.P. oft verwendet.) Tatsache ist, dass Akechi Mitsuhide seinen Herrn Oda Nobunaga mit einem Überraschungscoup zum Selbstmord getrieben hat.