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Pope Gregory X and the Crusades
1 POPE GREGORY X AND THE CRUSADES A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE SCHOOL OF HISTORY AT QUEEN MARY, UNIVERSITY OF LONDON BY PHILIP BRUCE BALDWIN UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF DR. THOMAS ASBRIDGE 2 FOR MY PARENTS 3 ABSTRACT This study examines the crusading movement during the reign of Pope Gregory X in the latter part of the thirteenth century, before the Latin presence in the Levant came to an end. It seeks to demonstrate the important position of this little-known pope, who formed the bridge between what can now be seen as two separate eras in the crusading period, namely, the era of the traditional passagium generale, and the ‘new’ era of the passagium particulare. To do this, it will study Western and Muslim sources to understand the condition of the Holy Land during Gregory’s pontificate to see the effect it had on the manner in which he organised his crusade, using both traditional and ‘new’ methods. By drawing on sources from crusading in Iberia, it will show that Gregory approached the crusade flexibly, and was not, as commonly described by historians, wholly obsessed with the Holy Land. It also seeks to dispel one of the more popular myths surrounding Gregory, which is that he wanted to change the government of the kingdom of Jerusalem by putting Charles of Anjou in charge there. A study of the Angevin chancery records – little used by crusade historians – will demonstrate that it was not Gregory’s idea, but rather Charles’ own. Finally, using Gregory’s papal registers and chronicle evidence, this study will attempt to imagine the crusade that would have occurred had Gregory not died prematurely. -
MONKS, POPES, and THEIR POLITICAL INTRIGUES by John Alberger
MONKS, POPES, AND THEIR POLITICAL INTRIGUES By John Alberger MONKS, POPES, AND THEIR POLITICAL INTRIGUES CHAPTER I. CATHOLICISM A POLITICAL ORGANIZATION Guizot, speaking of the Christian Church, says: "I say the Christian Church, and not Christianity, between which a broad distinction is to be made." The Catholic Church has little except the name of Christianity, while it is secretly a political organization to establish "the supremacy of the Pope over all persons and things," which, according to Bellarmine's view, "is the main substance of Christianity." If we have recourse to the lexicon to ascertain the signification of the term religion, we may arrive at a definite conclusion respecting its classical use: but if we are guided in our inquiry by the popular acceptation, we will discover that its definitions are as numerous as the inhabitants of the globe, and as various as their features. We have Natural religion, Pagan religion, Hindoo religion, Jewish religion, Christian religion, and Mahometan religion. Among Christian sects some believe religion to consist in individual feeling, some in baptism, some in reverence for the clergy, some in problematical creeds and dogmas, some in observances of church ordinations, some in rhapsodies, and some in a species of sentimentalism. The Boston Pilot says: "There can be no religion without an Inquisition;" but Thomas Paine, with nobler philosophy, thinks "religious duties consist in doing justice, loving mercy, and endeavoring to make our fellow creatures happy." The diversity and discordance which have arisen respecting the import of this term, originate from its compound nature adapting it to designate one idea, or a variety of ideas. -
Quedam De Quibus Dubitans': on Preaching the Crusade in Alfonso X's Castile
`QUEDAM DE QUIBUS DUBITANS': ON PREACHING THE CRUSADE IN ALFONSO X'S CASTILE PETER LINEHAN St John' s College, Cambridge In terms of dramatic content, Alfonso X' s return to Castile from his meeting with Pope Gregory X at Beaucaire was altogether the equal of Henry IV of Germany' s journey to Canossa almost two hundred years before. The effect, however, was wholly different. For whereas by appealing to the priest in Gregory VII the bare-footed German ruler' s démarche may have called the other's bluff, in December 1275 there was no disguising the fact that the learned king returned borne a broken man. On setting out for his encounter with the pontiff fourteen months earlier, he had been in his pomp. Now, seriously iii, possibly even cancerous, and with the imperial strategy by which for almost two decades ah l his endeavours had been influenced shot from under him, in little over a year as well as the possibility of an empire he had lost his son and heir and, in addition to other close relations to whom he was attached, his archbishop of Toledo also. It was at this point that the reign of Alfonso X began to unravel. Immediately the old peninsular agenda resurfaced itself. The Marinid forces of Abu Yusuf which had already claimed the archbishop D. Sancho' s scalp were still at the gate. When the king reached Valladolid in the last week of February 1276, therefore, measures to deal with that threat were the absolute priority. 2 All this is familiar enough. -
Blessed John of Vercelli
Blessed John of Vercelli By Paul C. Perrotta, O.P., Ph.D. NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS Holy Name Society 141 East 65th St., N.Y. 1956 * * * Nihil Obstat: John F. Ryan, O.P. Thomas Shanley, O.P. Imprimi Potest: Very Reverend T.S. McDermott, O.P., S.T.M., S.T.Lr., LL.D. Prior Provincial Imprimatur: Most Reverend Michael J. Ready, D.D., Bishop of Columbus Printed in U.S.A. * * * [Page 4] TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD.......................................5 HIS YOUTH......................................7 HIS EARLY APOSTOLATE..........................12 JOHN AS PROVINCIAL............................18 THE INQUISITOR................................24 CRUSADER......................................30 MASTER GENERAL................................36 PAPAL TIMBER..................................43 LEGATE APOSTOLIC..............................52 ECUMENICAL COUNCILOR..........................59 THE HOLY NAME SOCIETY.........................64 CONCILIATOR...................................69 PATRIARCH.....................................75 THOMIST.......................................82 DEATH AND BEATIFICATION.......................89 [Page 5] FOREWORD Little more than three years ago we at National Headquarters inaugurated a crusade of prayer in honor of the founder of the Holy Name Society, Blessed John of Vercelli. The objective of the crusade was to make him better known and to pray for his early canonization. From that time until the publishing of this pamphlet on his life, Blessed John has become known throughout the United States and in all countries where the Holy Name Society is established. On one of my trips to Europe last year, it was my pleasure to visit the town of Vercelli, about three hundred and seventy miles northwest of Rome. There I had the privilege of visiting with the Dominican Fathers and the places made sacred by the presence and work of our founder. Now, after pretty nearly seven hundred years of the establishment of the Society, we are publishing a pamphlet on his life. -
Volume XII / Issue I the QUOTABLE DOMINICAN St
PRAY FOR THIS TO END Volume XII / Issue I THE QUOTABLE DOMINICAN St. Dominic de Guzman 1170 – 1221 Founder of the Order of Preachers Feast Day: August 8 “ Fight the good fight, […] against the ancient foe; fight him insistently with fasting and prayers because no one will win the crown of victory without engaging in the contest in the proper way.” —St. Dominic writing to the nuns of Madrid DID YOU KNOW? While Pope Francis is the first Jesuit Pope, four Dominicans have been the Successor of St. Peter, and three out of the four have been declared either a Blessed or a Saint. They are: • Blessed Pope Innocent V (r. 1276) • Blessed Pope Benedict XI (r. 1303–04) • St. Pope Pius V (r. 1566–72) • Pope Benedict XIII (r. 1724–30) Our sincere gratitude is extended to all those who helped make this edition of the newsletter possible. Photo Credits: Fr. Lukasz Misko, O.P., Fr. Benedict Croell, O.P. (Angelicum) Cover Photo: Even though our churches have been empty for months, like this cover image of an empty St. Dominic’s Church in San Francisco, you are never far from our prayers. We continue to celebrate Masses for you Pictured: St. Pope Pius V everyday, and pray for the health and safety of you and your loved ones. And thank you for your prayers and generosity during this difficult time. 2 MissionWest | opwest.org You have been a blessing to our Dominican communities! A LETTER TO YOU from the vicar provincial for advancement COVID-19 and violence can kill the body, but distance from God can kill the soul Dear Friends, We miss you! It goes without saying that these times have been very strange and uncertain. -
San Giovanni in Laterano
(003/29) San Giovanni in Laterano St. John at the Lateran Piazza di San Giovanni Laterano (003/29) The official name is Archbasilica of the Most Holy Saviour and Sts. John the Baptist and the Evangelist at the Lateran, Cathedral of Rome, Mother and Head of all churches (003/29) History: On the façade, an inscription proclaims that this is SACROSANCTA LATERANENSIS ECCLESIA OMNIUM URBIS ET ORBIS ECCLESIARUM MATER ET CAPUT, "The Most Holy Lateran Church, Mother and Mistress of all churches of the city and the World". It is the first cathedral of Rome, where Emperor Constantine allowed the Pope to set up the episcopal chair after 312. The first mention in ancient sources is from 313, when a consistory of bishops was held in domum Faustae in Laterano. This refers to Fausta, Constantine's second wife, who was a convert. It is the first church not only in Rome but in the Christian world. The Popes lived in the Lateran palace until Clement V (1305-1314) transferred the papal seat to Avignon. After the return of the Pope to Rome in 1377, the Vatican palace was chosen as the papal residence. In this area, once stood a palace belonged to the Laterani family. Their house stood near the Basilica, probably towards the current Via Amba Aradam, and covered the entire land area that also includes the current basilica area. According to the "Annals" of Tacitus in 65 A.D. the palace and land was confiscated by the Emperor Nero, as Plautius Lateran, appointed consul for the year 65, conspired against the emperor himself in the conspiracy called the "Pisoni". -
Holy Dominicans Biographical Summaries & Feast Days of Dominican Saints and Blesseds with Selected Patrons and Commemorations
Holy Dominicans Biographical Summaries & Feast Days of Dominican Saints and Blesseds with Selected Patrons and Commemorations Catherine Dominic Martin de Porres 1 Holy Dominicans 2 The Dominican Province of St. Joseph New York, New York 1997 VERITAS Cover photos: St. Catherine of Siena, frescoe, Vanni, Church of St. Dominic, Siena St. Dominic, bronze, Thomas McGlynn, O.P., Madonna del Arco, Naples, 1974 St. Martin de Porres, bronze, Thomas McGlynn, O.P. Providence College, 2nd casting, 1978 Vocations Office Address Vocation Director St. Vincent Ferrer Priory 869 Lexington Avenue New York, NY 10021-6680 Tel. 212–744–2080; FAX: 212–327–3011 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. FOREWORD 5–6 II. BIOGRAPHICAL SUMMARIES LISTED BY MONTH 7–43 III. PRINCIPAL PATRONS OF THE ORDER 45–46 IV. PRINCIPAL COMMEMORATIONS 47–50 V. THE UNIVERSAL CALL TO HOLINESS 51–52 N SUPPLEMENT A. LISTING OF SAINTS & BLESSEDS BY CENTURY 54–55 B. LISTING OF SAINTS & BLESSEDS BY MONTH 56–57 C. ALPHABETICAL INDEX LISTING OF SAINTS & BLESSEDS 58–59 D. PUBLICATION INFORMATION 60 E. SOURCE INFORMATION 60–61 F. SELECTED READINGS 62–63 4 The Coronation of the Virgin, Fra Angelico, Upper floor, cell 9, San Marco, Florence. Frescoe, 1440-1. This coronation scene includes the founders of the Benedictines, the Dominicans, and the Franciscans—each representing a special reli- gious charism in the life of the Church. The act of the coronation, set in heaven, is performed not, as in the painting in the Uffizi and the reliquary panel at San Marco, before a host of onlookers, but in isolation, with six kneeling saints who proclaim, but do not assist in, the main scene. -
John Wycliffe a Light Shining in a Dark Place
John Wycliffe A Light Shining in a Dark Place by Pastor Gary J. Hall Table of Contents Acknowledgements Introduction Chapter 1 Early Life Chapter 2 Education in Oxford University Chapter 3 The Personal Reformation of John Wycliffe Chapter 4 Attack on the Corruption of the Friars Chapter 5 Political Work of John Wycliffe Chapter 6 Pope Gregory's Bulls Chapter 7 John Wycliffe Addresses Parliament Chapter 8 Trial at Lambeth Palace Chapter 9 The Two-Headed Beast Chapter 10 Attack on the Mass Chapter 11 The Peasants' Revolt and the Blackfriars Trial Chapter 12 Wycliffe Presents His Case Before Parliament Chapter 13 Lutterworth Chapter 14 Death of the Morning Star Appendix 1 The Theology of John Wycliffe Appendix 2 The Influence of John Wycliffe Conclusion Acknowledgements Among those whom have assisted in the preparation of this book, I would particularly like to thank my wife, Margaret, for patiently proof-reading the several drafts of the text. Special thanks is also due to the Rev. William Coppack, M.Th. D.D., Ecclesiastical Secretary to The Fellowship of Evangelistic Ministries and Principal of The Institute of Evangelistic Ministries, for all the help and encouragement he has given, and to Richard Warren, a faithful member of my congregation at Living Word Bible Church, for visiting numerous libraries and bookshops on my behalf in my quest for materials relating to the history of the 14th Century. Finally, and yet above all others, thanksgiving must go to our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ who inspired my heart to write about England’s first reformer. Introduction John Wycliffe’s intellectual brilliance, personal integrity and courage made him a mighty man of faith in the fourteenth century. -
Historical and Legal Milestones of Medieval Papal Elections1 DRAHOMÍR SUCHÁNEK
wbhr 1|2012 Historical and Legal Milestones of Medieval Papal Elections1 DRAHOMÍR SUCHÁNEK The legal order of papal elections had long been governed by the tradi- tions of early Christian communities. There had been no clear and bind- ing rules stipulating the election steps and handling any disputes. As in many other areas of Church life, appropriate legislation was adopted as a defensive reaction to negative features – corruption, intrigue, power struggles, etc. The first legal framework for the selection of the Roman Bishop therefore came into existence quite late, at the very end of the 5th century. In 499, a synod assembled in Rome. In light of the demean- ing squabbles during the previous year’s papal election,2 it felt a need to set binding rules stipulating the course of subsequent papal elections. The synod adopted provisions to prevent the election from becoming a power clash. It decided that as long as the legitimate Pope is alive no negotiations concerning his successor may be held. The candidate who objectively collected the most votes was to become the Pope.3 Further- more, it was allowed that the governing Pope could determine or rec- ommend his successor. Finally, it was clearly established that if the Pope did not determine his successor, it was up to the Roman clergy to elect him.4 In the following centuries, details of the papal election were modified in various ways; however, a basic and fundamental legal rule was still missing. Basically, the principle was applied of electing a new bishop through the decision of the church community (clergy and the people) with the respective metropolitan and neighboring bishops re- taining their rights (e.g. -
Papers of the British School at Rome
Papers of the British School at Rome http://journals.cambridge.org/ROM Additional services for Papers of the British School at Rome: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here The Portraits of the Popes Rt. Rev. Mgr. H. K. Mann Papers of the British School at Rome / Volume 9 / January 1920, pp 159 - 204 DOI: 10.1017/S0068246200005614, Published online: 09 August 2013 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0068246200005614 How to cite this article: Rt. Rev. Mgr. H. K. Mann (1920). The Portraits of the Popes. Papers of the British School at Rome, 9, pp 159-204 doi:10.1017/S0068246200005614 Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/ROM, IP address: 128.122.230.132 on 01 Apr 2016 PAPERS OF THE BRITISH SCHOOL AT ROME. VOL. IX. No. 6. THE PORTRAITS OF THE POPES. BY THE RT. REV. MGR. H. K. MANN, D.D. OF late years it would appear that the subject of Papal Iconography The Papa, has been singularly neglected ; nor as far as we are aware has the subject Busts at been at all exhaustively treated in any monograph. Yet if its claim to importance calls for justification, it should suffice to quote the following FIG. I.—PAPAL BUSTS IN THE DUOMO OF SIENA. passage in which J. A. Symonds records the impression made upon him by the busts of the Popes (Fig. i) which adorn] the walls of the Duomo of Siena : ' One most remarkable feature ' he wrote ' of the Duomo of Siena is a line of heads of the Popes carried all round the church above the lower arches. -
Archbasilica of St. John Lateran
Archbasilica of St. John Lateran The Papal Archbasilica of St. John Lateran (Italian: Arcibasilica Papale di San Giovanni in Laterano), com- monly known as St. John Lateran’s Archbasilica, St. John Lateran’s Basilica, and just The Lateran Basil- ica, is the cathedral church of the Diocese of Rome and the official ecclesiastical seat of the Bishop of Rome, who is the Pope. It is the oldest and ranks first among the four Papal Basil- icas or major basilicas of Rome (having the cathedra of the Bishop of Rome), and the oldest church in the Next to the formal entrance is the Archbasilica’s claim to be the West.[2][3] It claims the title of ecumenical mother church head Mother Church in the entire world. Note the Laurel wreath and the Papal Tiara. among Roman Catholics. The current archpriest is Agostino Vallini, Cardinal Vicar General for the Diocese of Rome.[4] The President of the French Republic, cur- rently François Hollande, is ex officio the “first and only 2 Lateran Palace honorary canon" of the basilica, a title held by the heads of the French state since King Henry IV of France. Main article: Lateran Palace The large inscription on the façade reads, Clemens XII Pont Max Anno V Christo Salvatori In Hon SS Ioan Bapt et Evang, a highly abbreviated Latin inscription meaning The archbasilica stands over the remains of the Castra "Pope Clement XII, in the fifth year of his reign, dedi- Nova equitum singularium, the 'new fort' of the imperial cated this building to Christ the Savior, in honor of Saint cavalry bodyguard. -
'18-19 Disciple 8 Session Overview
February St. Dominic’s RCIA Program Disciple The Communion of 5 Saints & Mary 8 Goal • An important aspect of the Catholic faith is community (The Body of Christ). This community is not limited to those around us; instead, it extends throughout the world and across the ages. The Church believes in the in the Communion of Saints, people who lived extraordinary lives of faith and are now in heaven with God. These saints inspire us with their lives and continue to support us with their prayers and intercessions. Among the saints no one is venerated more than Jesus’ mother Mary. Mary is an image and model of the Church and an inspiration and constant support for us all. Agenda • Welcome, Reminder of Rite of Acceptance this Sunday (2) • Opening Prayer (3) Angels, Archangels, Thrones, Dominions, Principalities, Powers, heavenly Virtues, Cherubim and Seraphim; all Saints of God, holy men and women, and especially my patrons: intercede for me that I may be worthy to offer this Sacrifice to almighty God, to the praise and glory of His name, for my own welfare and also that of all His holy Church. Amen. ~ from the Roman Missal • Video Clip: Insight into Saints (10) • Presentation: Saints (35-40) • Discussion (15) • Who is a Catholic saint that intrigues you or inspires you? –What is it about their story that interests you? • Name one person living (or who was alive when you were younger) that you would ask to help you or pray for you? – Why did you trust them to help or pray for you? • Break (10) • Presentation: Mary (30-35) • Mariana (Q & A on Liturgy) (5, time permitting) • Dismissal Housekeeping • Feb.