This dissertation has been 65—3867 microfilmed exactly as received HORVATH, Allan Leo, 1925- STRATIGRAPHY OF THE SILURIAN ROCKS OF SOUTHERN OHIO AND ADJACENT PARTS OF WEST VIRGINIA, KENTUCKY, AND INDIANA. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1964 Geology University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan STRATIGRAPHY OF THE SILURIAN ROCKS OF SOUTHERN OHIO AND ADJACEHT PARTS OF WEST VIRGINIA, KENTUCKY, AND INDIANA DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio S ta te U n iv e r sity By Allan Leo Horvath, B.S., 14.S ■K -M- # -Jc The Ohio S ta te U n iv e rsity 196U Approved by A dviser Department of Geology ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The writer wishes to express his gratitude to R. L. Bates of The Ohio State University, Department of Geology, who acted as adviser and gave liberally of his time to supervise the preparation of this manuscript; to C. H. Summerson, who helped acquaint the writer with various characteristics of the Silurian outcrop during several trips into the field; to W. C, Sweet for technical information; to W. L. Calvert and other members of the Ohio Geological Survey who provided data and working space; and to Continental Oil Company, whose release of critical cores and geophysical logs made the investigation possible. I wish to thank Truman Bennett, for his encouragement and help in obtaining information, and Dale Sparling for advice and criticism . Information and fa cilities were made available to me by P. H. Price and V/. R. McCord of the West Virginia Geological Survey; J. B. Patton of the Indiana Geological Survey; E. N. Wilson and J. H. Poteet of the Kentucky Geological Survey; and officials of some of the major o il companies. My thanks are also extended to two earlier investigators of the Niagaran in Ohio. D. A. Busch gave suggestions and R. S. Bowman provided advice and an extended tour of the Niagaran and Cayugan exposures at Plum Run stone quarry. Finally I am indebted to the Department of Geology of Ohio Btate University for financial aid from the Friends of Orton Hall fund and the Bownocker fund, which helped defray field and manuscript expenses. i i i VITA July 6, 1925 Born - Dayton, Ohio 19£6 .... B.S., University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio 1957 .... M.S., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, . Michigan 1957-1960 . Exploration geologist, Atlantic Refining Company, R osw ell, New Mexico I96O-I96U . Teaching Assistant, Department of Geology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio FIELDS OF STUDI Major Field: Geology Studies in Paleozoic Stratigraphy. Professors R. L. Bates, W. C. Sw eet, M. P. N eiss and C. K. Summerson Studies in Paleontology. Professors W. C. Sweet and A. La Rocque IV CONTENTS Page ACKN O'.VLEDGi'iSN T S .......................... i i V IT A ...................................................................................................... iv ILLUSTRATIONS................................................................................ v i i I . INTRODUCTION .............................................................. 1 Purpose of Investigation ................................... 1 Aethods of Investigation .................................... 3 II. oTRiiTIGRAPHY.............................................................. 8 Aedina Group .............................................................. 12 B ra s s fie ld form ation .................................... 13 T uscarora Form ation .................................... 19 Cabot Head F o rm a tio n .................................... 21 plum Creek c l a y .................................... 23 otratigraphic Relations within the Aedina Group ................................................. 2k Clinton Group ......................................................... 2$ Oldham Form ation .............................. 27 Lulbegrud Clay . ........................................ 30 Dayton Formation ............................................ 31 VJaco f o r m a tio n ........................................ 33 B still Formation .............................. 3U Rose Hill form ation ........................... 36 Osgood shale ............................................ UO Eisner Formation ............................................ b2 Laurel lim estone .................................... 16 Aassie shale ............................................ kl Eluphemia d o l o m i t e ............................... i;7 Springfield dolom ite ........................... Ij.ti Reefer Formation ........................................ k9 Rochester Formation .................................... 33 Correlation Problems in bestern Ohio and Indiana ..................................................... 33 Aississinewa shale ............................... 60 Stratigraphic Relations within the Clinton Group ................................................. 62 v Page Lockport Group .............................................................. 65 Lilley Formation ................................................. 66 Cedarville formation ........................... 70 Peebles Formation ..................... 72 McKenzie Formation ............................................. 75 Liston Creek lim estone ...................... 7 9 Huntington limestone ........................... 80 New Corydon limestone ....................... 82 otratigraphic Relations within the Lockport Group ............................................ 83 oalina Group .............................................................. 86 Greenfield formation ............................... 87 Kokomo lim e s to n e .............................. 92 Williamsport sandstone ...................... 9k Wills Creek Form ation ............................... 97 Tymochtee Formation .................................... 101 Tonoloway F o r m a t i o n .................................... 106 Raisin River Formation ............................... 110 btratigraphic Relations witnin tne Galina Group ................................................. 116 Keyser Limestone .............................. 118 I I I . COHCLUgIOWo Ai\D GlOLUGIC H IC T O R I....................... 123 AFPiSNUIKjSo............................................................................................ 1R1 Appendix a Attinger W ell................................... lit l Appendix b rdller We 1 1 ..................................... 1U5 AEFSitEHCEo G li'E D ............................................................................... 150 v i ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1 Area of investigation ............................................................................ 1 2 Location of lines of principal cross-section and important outcrop localities ................................................ 6 3 Proposed stratigraphic equivalents for the oilurian . 9 U Diagram showing regional stratigraphic relations for the medina G roup ......................................................................................... 13 5 Diagram showing regional stratigraphic relations for the Clinton Group ......................................................................................... 26 6 Cross-section showing Oldham-Brassfield relations .... 26 7 Paleogeographic map of the C linton ............................................. $2 6 Cross-section from north-central Indiana to central O h i o ............................................................................................................. $9 9 Diagram showing regional stratigraphic relations for the Lockport G roup .....................................................................................67 10 cross-section from southwestern Ontario to eastern O h i o ..................................................................................'.................................65 11 Diagram showing regional stratigraphic relations for the Salina Group ............................................................................................. 66 Table 1 Well Locations ..................................................................................... 133 2 Well Data ................................................................................................... 137 P la te I Cross-section A-5 II Cross-section C-D III Cross-section ii-F v i i INTRODUCTION This study of Silurian rocks deals with an area of approxi­ mately U0,000 square miles in Ohio, Kentucky, West Virginia, and border areas of neighboring states, as shown in Figure 1. The eastern margin is that part of the folded Appalachians along the Virginia-West Virginia state lin e, extending northward to Cumberland, Maryland; the western margin is along the Cincinnati arch, paralleling the Indiana-Ohio state line and continuing southward into north-central Kentucky. These two marginal areas include major outcrops of Silurian rocks on opposite sides of the Appalachian basin. The northern boundary extends from Indiana across central Ohio to Pennsylvania; and the southern boundary extends from Madison County, Kentucky, to Alleghany County, Virginia. The northern boundary was selected in order to tie in with the recent Silurian study of Ulteig (1963) in northern Ohio; the southern, to include type localities for some of the Silurian formations discussed in the report. Purpose of Investigation This investigation of the Silurian strata of southern Ohio and parts of adjacent states was undertaken with the purpose of extending into the subsurface the field information obtained by previous workers. The work of Orton (1871) is noteworthy