Guthrum the Dane

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Guthrum the Dane G UTH RUM TH E DAN E ; A TALE OF T H E fiH E P T A R C H Y . R OBE R T T OR Y S . L O N D O N LO NG MA N BR OWN G REEN LONG M A NS , , , , — P A T E R N O S TE R R O W . M I S S R EA N EY O F B R AD F O R D (I N T H E C O UNT Y O F Y O R K ) QIbis Elfi o zm I S P R O U D DY A N D G R AT EF U L L Y I NS CR I B ED B T Y H E A U TH OR . “7 7 54 60 S OUL o f the Last and Mightiest — O f all the Min strels b e thou blest ! Fo r that thou hast bequeathed to me A l o ri o us L G Y great and g E AC , Such as no other si ngl e mind ’ — Save S H A K sPE A R E s ev er left behind ! n o t o f o r - One , earth , earth born gold , o r In acres broad, sums untold, Which may by heirs be wasted may , By lawless force , be swept away Or meanly fi l ched by legal stealth But a b e quest o f m ental Wealth n o t Left to me alone , although ’ As much my own as if twere so to And yet, high thanks art divine ’ As much the world s , as it is mine ’ o r su n E en like the air, like the , en e Enj oyed by all , gross d by none ' D ifi used n e , unspe t ; ntire , though shared ; n n e And u diminished , u impair d ; Ordained to rouse emotions high , And charm— till England ’ s language die r I saw Oh , when at fi st the Tale o f Which tells the redoubted Gael , And o f the Bard whose harp would wake To soothe the Lady of the Lake, a I did not re d . That term were weak The process o f the hour to speak o f Page after page , thy words flame — — To me without a medium came The instant glanced at , glanced the whole o n si ht so u l Not my g , but on my And , thus daguerreotyped, each line Will there remain while life i s mine ' I deemed that lay the sweetest far That ever sung o f love and war ; i And vowed that, ere my dy ng day , I would attempt such lovely lay . But I was young, and had forgot ff S O T ! How di erent were from thine , O C T My genius , and my earthly lot . ’ m i n What though y ear , boyhood s time , Delighted, drank the flowing rhyme O P n o Though then , like P E , fool to fame , m m I lisped in nu bers , for they ca e , And waked , uncensured , unapproved , ? An echo of the strain I love d e And what though , in matur r days , a n d few e With none to j udge , to prais , Survived and ruled the impulse strong , And my heart lived and moved in son g — Still poor , unfriended, and untaught , A o f Cyclops in my Cave Thought , o f da Long sought I round, ere glimpse y n Consoled me with its enteri g ray . At length it came and then I tried T i n 0 wake my Harp lonely pride . w as m ee My Harp ade from stunted tr , ’ The growth o f Glendale s barest lea e Yet fresh as prouder stems it gr w , n And drank , with leaf as gree , the dew Bright showers, from Till or Bowmont shed, Its roots with needful moisture fed 13 2 ' Gr ay birds, Northumbrian skies that wing , Amid its branches loved to sin g And purple Cheviot ’ s breezy air - n e Kept up a life like quiveri g ther . m e From Harp , thence rudely fra d and strung , 7 Ah h o w should strain like thin e be flu ng ’ a If moved by Hope s mbitious dream , i t I struck to some lofty theme , A l l harshly j arred its tortured chords , ’ ’ As plaining such should be its lord s ; But all its sweetness wakened still To lay of North e rn stream o r hill ’ To C R A V EN S emerald dales transferred m That si ple Harp with praise was heard . n th e The ma liest sons, loveliest daughters , ’ That flourish by the Aire s y oung waters , ’ By gentle Ribble s verdant side , ’ A n d Wh arfe s e by the impetuous tid , Lan ded . u e its strains And for this ca s , While t hrobs my breast to kin d applause Nay, when , beneath the turf laid low, No ki n d applause my bre ast can kn ow ’ P o et s b l essi n a - A g , he rt bequeathed , ’ o f e O er the domains Craven br athed , Shall be to every hill an d plain o r Like vernal dew, summer rain , A n d o r stay with her , while bud bell e n o r u D cks lowla d mead , pland fell — — There min dfu l stil l o f th e e I strove To frame a lay o f war and love . I roused o l d heroes from the urn Bade buried m onks to day return w n And waked fair maids, hose dust had lai Ages in lead, to bloom again My grateful wish to pou r along o f Those emerald dales the charm song , ’ And do for M al h am s Lake and Cave ’ What thou hadst don e for Katri n e s wave . Not that the pride impelled m e n o w That h ad inspir e d my youthfu l v o w ; b u t l ike no tes I would some essay , Not rashly wake a ri val lay ! B u t y e ars o f gloom an d strife cam e on Dark omens girt the British Thron e ; f th e The Disaf ected and Bad , e m Who hop s from wild com otion had , e n Gav tow s to tumult and to flame , — ’ And tre a son wrought i h WI L LI A M S n am e was e That no time , in idl lays , To kin dle fe uds of other days ’ I m tuned y Harp to Order s cause , ’ And sung for Britain s Ki ng an d Laws ! For party A y b u t party then ’ Was l e d by E ngland s greatest men H i m hi s By , to save country born H i m e e n By , Whom all the p opl mour ; ’ ’ S T Y S n n e Twas graced by ANLE oble am , A n d vaunt e d that o f gal lant G R AEME . — r Men far too high , too pu e , too proud , To flatter either co u rt or crowd M en — e b o mov d y patri tic zeal , ’ ' And s eeking nought b u t England s weal D ull w ere the h e ad could style th e m an Wh o e them n . follow d , a partisa — Far from thy Tweed m y birth that claims I find myself o n regal T H AMES PE N E R The swans that S S loved to sing , Before m e prune the snowy wing ; In Surrey woods, by moonlight pale , ’ I list to T HOMSON S nightingale U se the same walks that poet used, O P And muse , where P E himself hath mused What wonder if the wish, that burned S o strong in youth , in age returned ; — ’ — And mid such scenes m y Harp again ? Took up the long - abandoned strain B ut ah when o f the high design Is traced at length the closing line , — I say n o t How unlike to thine The forward child of youthful pride , That bold Presum ption long hath died But— How unlike to that which first m ue u On y enrapt r d Fancy b rst , n e an d Whe , fr sh fair, my untried theme — Rose like a landscap e i n a dream That landscape hath familiar grown , i s i s n And half of t romance flow . e n n ew Thus r gio s , in distance seen , m e n Have sunny vales of s ooth st gree , m n And ountai s which , as they ascend , sk With the blue y so softly blend , — That givi ng nought o f ea rth to V iew They seem to b e ethereal too But , visited , the change is harsh e The vales that look d so smooth , are marsh Bru shwood an d h eath th e hills array ; And rock an d quagmire bar the way n wh o e Yet rou d that marsh , se k the vale , e May violet find , or primrose pal o n Yet those hills , who choose to climb M ay m ee t th e crow -flo wer or th e thyme ’ h as m While e en the rock for flowers roo , ’ And e en the quagmire boasts its bloom w ’ And , ell I hope , that Northman ne er Will lend a cold, fastidious ear , n e To hear a ative Bard r hearse , I n th e good old heroic verse , h o l d o f e an d n d How , h art strong of ha , H i s D I S F T R S w o n E R N AN H A HE NO R T H U M B L A D .
Recommended publications
  • The Influence of Old Norse on the English Language
    Antonius Gerardus Maria Poppelaars HUSBANDS, OUTLAWS AND KIDS: THE INFLUENCE OF OLD NORSE ON THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE HUSBANDS, OUTLAWS E KIDS: A INFLUÊNCIA DO NÓRDICO ANTIGO NA LÍNGUA INGLESA Antonius Gerardus Maria Poppelaars1 Abstract: What have common English words such as husbands, outlaws and kids and the sentence they are weak to do with Old Norse? Yet, all these examples are from Old Norse, the Norsemen’s language. However, the Norse influence on English is underestimated as the Norsemen are viewed as barbaric, violent pirates. Also, the Norman occupation of England and the Great Vowel Shift have obscured the Old Norse influence. These topics, plus the Viking Age, the Scandinavian presence in England, as well as the Old Norse linguistic influence on English and the supposed French influence of the Norman invasion will be described. The research for this etymological article was executed through a descriptive- qualitative approach. Concluded is that the Norsemen have intensively influenced English due to their military supremacy and their abilities to adaptation. Even the French-Norman French language has left marks on English. Nowadays, English is a lingua franca, leading to borrowings from English to many languages, which is often considered as invasive. But, English itself has borrowed from other languages, maintaining its proper character. Hence, it is hoped that this article may contribute to a greater acknowledgement of the Norse influence on English and undermine the scepticism towards the English language as every language has its importance. Keywords: Old Norse Loanwords, English Language, Viking Age, Etymology. Resumo: O que têm palavras inglesas comuns como husbands, outlaws e kids e a frase they are weak a ver com os Nórdicos? Todos esses exemplos são do nórdico antigo, a língua dos escandinavos.
    [Show full text]
  • ST EDMUND Dedicated to St Edmund and All the Bright Spirits of Old England Who Bring Comfort and Growing Hope That All the Wrong Shall Yet Be Made Right
    THE LIGHT FROM THE EAST: ENGLAND’S LOST PATRON SAINT: ST EDMUND Dedicated to St Edmund and all the Bright Spirits of Old England Who Bring Comfort and Growing Hope That all the Wrong Shall Yet Be Made Right. by Fr Andrew Phillips CONTENTS: Foreword Prologue: Seven Kingdoms and East Anglia Chapter One: Childhood of a King Chapter Two: Edmund’s Kingdom Chapter Three: Edmund’s Martyrdom Chapter Four: Sainthood of a King Epilogue: One Kingdom and Anglia Appendix Bibliography To Saint Edmund This booklet was originally published in parts in the first volume of Orthodox England (1997–1998). This online edition has been revised by Fr Andrew Phillips and reformatted by Daysign, 2020. The Light from the East: England’s Lost Patron Saint: St Edmund Foreword FOREWORD Tis a sad fact, illustrative of our long disdain and neglect of St Edmund 1, formerly much revered as the Patron Saint of England, that to this day there exists no Life of Ithe Saint which is readable, reliable and accessible to the modern reader. True, there is the Life written in Ramsey by St Abbo of Fleury over a thousand years ago in c. 985. Written in Latin but translated shortly afterwards into Old English by that most orthodox monk Ælfric, it is based on an eyewitness account. We think it reliable, but it is not accessible and it covers only a short period of the Saint’s life. True, a great many mediæval chroniclers wrote of St Edmund, among them – Hermann of Bury StEdmunds, Symeon of Durham, Geoffrey Gaimar, Geoffrey of Wells, William of Malmesbury, Osbert of Clare, Florence of Worcester, Jocelin of Brakelond, William of Ramsey, Henry of Huntingdon, Ingulf of Crowland, Matthew Paris, Roger of Wendover, Denis Piramus, Richard of Cirencester and John Lydgate.
    [Show full text]
  • Aethelflaed: History and Legend
    Quidditas Volume 34 Article 2 2013 Aethelflaed: History and Legend Kim Klimek Metropolitan State University of Denver Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/rmmra Part of the Comparative Literature Commons, History Commons, Philosophy Commons, and the Renaissance Studies Commons Recommended Citation Klimek, Kim (2013) "Aethelflaed: History and Legend," Quidditas: Vol. 34 , Article 2. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/rmmra/vol34/iss1/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Quidditas by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Quidditas 34 (2013) 11 Aethelflaed: History and Legend Kim Klimek Metropolitan State University of Denver This paper examines the place of Aethelflaed, Queen of the Mercians, in the written historical record. Looking at works like the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and the Irish Annals, we find a woman whose rule acted as both a complement to and a corruption against the consolidations of Alfred the Great and Edward’s rule in Anglo-Saxon England. The alternative histories written by the Mercians and the Celtic areas of Ireland and Wales show us an alternative view to the colonization and solidification of West-Saxon rule. Introduction Aethelflaed, Queen and Lady of the Mercians, ruled the Anglo-Sax- on kingdom of Mercia from 911–918. Despite the deaths of both her husband and father and increasing Danish invasions into Anglo- Saxon territory, Aethelflaed not only held her territory but expanded it. She was a warrior queen whose Mercian army followed her west to fight the Welsh and north to attack the Danes.
    [Show full text]
  • Christianity Under Fire
    University of Iceland School of Humanities Department of English Christianity Under Fire: An Analysis of the Treatment of Religion in Three Novels by Bernard Cornwell B.A Essay Kjartan Birgir Kjartansson Kt.: 260192-2059 Supervisor: Ingibjörg Ágústsdóttir May 2015 Abstract This essay discusses the various different ways Christianity affects relations between different characters as well as political and historical events in three historical novels by Bernard Cornwell. Christianity had a large part to play in medieval societies and was often the source of many conflicts, especially in the British Isles. The three novels covered in the essay take place during different periods of time in the medieval history of England, that is, the Arthurian period in The Winter King, the Viking invasions by the Pagan Danes in The Last Kingdom and the high-medieval period in Harlequin. The essay discusses both the historical background of each novel and how these novels depict the Church as it was during the period in question, as well as the Christian and non-Christian characters and religions in general. Furthermore, this essay discusses the troubling youth and life of Bernard Cornwell and how he has admitted to be prejudiced against all religions. Christianity is a religion which Cornwell treats with special contempt, especially when the faith is contrasted with the pagan or otherwise non-Christian faiths in his novels. The medieval Christians in these novels are extremely prejudiced towards their non-Christian counterparts, their adversaries in warfare, whether Christian or not, and even women, who are treated more badly than non-Christian women. Additionally, the Christians are usually seen as more corrupt, lazy, unjust, hypocritical, arrogant and bigoted than others.
    [Show full text]
  • Alfred the Great: the Oundf Ation of the English Monarchy Marshall Gaines
    Eastern Michigan University DigitalCommons@EMU Senior Honors Theses Honors College 2015 Alfred the Great: The oundF ation of the English Monarchy Marshall Gaines Follow this and additional works at: http://commons.emich.edu/honors Recommended Citation Gaines, Marshall, "Alfred the Great: The oundF ation of the English Monarchy" (2015). Senior Honors Theses. 459. http://commons.emich.edu/honors/459 This Open Access Senior Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College at DigitalCommons@EMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@EMU. For more information, please contact lib- [email protected]. Alfred the Great: The oundF ation of the English Monarchy Abstract Alfred the Great, one of the best-known Anglo-Saxon kings in England, set the foundation for the future English monarchy. This essay examines the practices and policies of his rule which left a asl ting impact in England, including his reforms of military, education, religion, and government in the West Saxon Kingdom. Degree Type Open Access Senior Honors Thesis Department History and Philosophy First Advisor Ronald Delph Keywords Anglo-Saxon, Vikings, Ninth Century, Burgh, Reform This open access senior honors thesis is available at DigitalCommons@EMU: http://commons.emich.edu/honors/459 ALFRED THE GREAT: THE FOUNDATION OF THE ENGLISH MONARCHY By Marshall Gaines A Senior Thesis Submitted to the Eastern Michigan University Honors College in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Graduation with Honors in History Approved at Ypsilanti, Michigan, on this date 12/17/15 Alfred the Great: The Foundation of the English Monarchy Chapter I: Introduction Beginning in the late eighth century, Northern Europe was threatened by fearsome invasions from Scandinavia.
    [Show full text]
  • The Winter Camp of the Viking Great Army, Ad 872–3, Torksey, Lincolnshire
    The Antiquaries Journal, 96, 2016, pp 23–67 © The Society of Antiquaries of London, 2016 doi:10.1017⁄s0003581516000718 THE WINTER CAMP OF THE VIKING GREAT ARMY, AD 872–3, TORKSEY, LINCOLNSHIRE Dawn M Hadley, FSA, and Julian D Richards, FSA, with contributions by Hannah Brown, Elizabeth Craig-Atkins, Diana Mahoney-Swales, Gareth Perry, Samantha Stein and Andrew Woods Dawn M Hadley, Department of Archaeology, University of Sheffield, Northgate House, West Street, Sheffield S14ET, UK. Email: d.m.hadley@sheffield.ac.uk Julian D Richards, Department of Archaeology, University of York, The King’s Manor, York YO17EP, UK. Email: [email protected] This paper presents the results of a multidisciplinary project that has revealed the location, extent and character of the winter camp of the Viking Great Army at Torksey, Lincolnshire, of AD 872–3. The camp lay within a naturally defended area of higher ground, partially surrounded by marshes and bordered by the River Trent on its western side. It is considerably larger than the Viking camp of 873–4 previously excavated at Repton, Derbyshire, and lacks the earthwork defences identified there. Several thousand individuals overwintered in the camp, including warriors, craftworkers and merchants. An exceptionally large and rich metalwork assemblage was deposited during the Great Army’s overwintering, and metal processing and trading was undertaken. There is no evidence for a pre-existing Anglo-Saxon trading site here; the site appears to have been chosen for its strategic location and its access to resources. In the wake of the overwintering, Torksey developed as an important Anglo-Saxon borough with a major wheel-thrown pottery industry and multiple churches and cemeteries.
    [Show full text]
  • The Lady of Mercia Pdf, Epub, Ebook
    THE LADY OF MERCIA PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Paul Magrs | none | 31 May 2013 | Big Finish Productions Ltd | 9781781780732 | English | Maidenhead, United Kingdom The Lady of Mercia PDF Book During the relatively peaceful period between and AD, Alfred was building burhs at key locations in his kingdom. Stream the best stories. As noted before, Aethelred and Aethelflaed had only one daughter, and the former did not have any known close male relatives. Simon Keynes points out that all coins were issued in Edward's name, and while the Mercian rulers were able to issue some charters on their own authority, others acknowledged Edward's lordship. The assumption that Mercia was in some sort of limbo in this period, subordinate to Wessex and waiting to be incorporated into "England" cannot be sustained Annie Whitehead delves into all the corners of Mercia, her history and conflicts and relates the story of not just the land, but of the generations of people who occupied it. School children know all about King Alfred burning the cakes, but more importantly, this Saxon king left behind an extraordinary legacy, reforming the traditions and structure of early English society, maintaining peace and introducing structure, judicial processes and education…. Historians have had to gather much of what they know of Aethelflaed from sources other than the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, which serves as the main source for the period. The stories of these women is told with a passion and eloquence which makes every chapter a pleasure to read. Johnson, B. Derby was the first to fall to the English; she lost "four of her thegns who were dear to her" in the battle.
    [Show full text]
  • The Relationship Between King Alfred the Great and Ceolwulf II of Mercia (874-C.879)
    Penn History Review Volume 26 Issue 2 Article 2 February 2020 The Relationship between King Alfred the Great and Ceolwulf II of Mercia (874-c.879) Brent Weisberg University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/phr Recommended Citation Weisberg, Brent (2020) "The Relationship between King Alfred the Great and Ceolwulf II of Mercia (874-c.879)," Penn History Review: Vol. 26 : Iss. 2 , Article 2. Available at: https://repository.upenn.edu/phr/vol26/iss2/2 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/phr/vol26/iss2/2 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Alfred the Great and Ceolwulf II The Relationship between King Alfred the Great and Ceolwulf II of Mercia (874-c.879) Brent Weisberg, University of Pennsylvania Introduction Studying King Ceolwulf II of Mercia presents one with a situation not unlike the one former US Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld’s described concerning American intelligence work in Iraq in 2002: "there are known knowns… there are known unknowns… but there are also unknown unknowns."1 The "known knowns" of Ceolwulf’s reign are few and far between. All we have to bear witness to the life and legacy of Ceolwulf, the last independent ruler of Mercia, are two charters of his, a few mentions in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle as well as two of its likely derivatives, and several dozen coins.2 The few coins we have, particularly examples of Two Emperors type coins from the recent Watlington hoard find, provide material evidence of Ceolwulf’s reign that may be used to corroborate or contravene literary evidence.3 I shall seek to elucidate the history of Ceolwulf that I discern to be most plausible through the lens of his relationships with King Alfred of Wessex and the Vikings.
    [Show full text]
  • King of the Danes’ Stephen M
    Hamlet with the Princes of Denmark: An exploration of the case of Hálfdan ‘king of the Danes’ Stephen M. Lewis University of Caen Normandy, CRAHAM [email protected] As their military fortunes waxed and waned, the Scandinavian armies would move back and forth across the Channel with some regularity [...] appearing under different names and in different constellations in different places – Neil Price1 Little is known about the power of the Danish kings in the second half of the ninth century when several Viking forces ravaged Frankia and Britain – Niels Lund2 The Anglo-Saxon scholar Patrick Wormald once pointed out: ‘It is strange that, while students of other Germanic peoples have been obsessed with the identity and office of their leaders, Viking scholars have said very little of such things – a literal case of Hamlet without princes of Denmark!’3 The reason for this state of affairs is two-fold. First, there is a dearth of reliable historical, linguistic and archaeological evidence regarding the origins of the so-called ‘great army’ in England, except that it does seem, and is generally believed, that they were predominantly Danes - which of course does not at all mean that they all they came directly from Denmark itself, nor that ‘Danes’ only came from the confines of modern Denmark. Clare Downham is surely right in saying that ‘the political history of vikings has proved controversial due to a lack of consensus as to what constitutes reliable evidence’.4 Second, the long and fascinating, but perhaps ultimately unhealthy, obsession with the legendary Ragnarr loðbrók and his litany of supposed sons has distracted attention from what we might learn from a close and separate examination of some of the named leaders of the ‘great army’ in England, without any inferences being drawn from later Northern sagas about their dubious familial relationships to one another.5 This article explores the case of one such ‘Prince of Denmark’ called Hálfdan ‘king of the Danes’.
    [Show full text]
  • The Danish Wars and the Establishment of the Borough and County of Buckingham
    THE DANISH WARS AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BOROUGH AND COUNTY OF BUCKINGHAM ARNOLD H. J. BAINES The Mercians, whose administration had been shattered by the Danish invasions, accepted A If red as their king in 886, and his treaty with Gu thrum of that year defined the Danelaw boundary. Where his writ ran, Alfred regulated the burdens of taxation and military service by reference to 5- and 10-hide units, in a scheme that enabled him to maintain a mobile field force with rotating levies. At the same time a corresponding Danish system was being imposed on the areas of Mercia relinquished to the Danes. The Hundred of Stodfold between the Great Ouse and Whittlewood Forest was occupied in part by detachments of the Danish army of Northampton, and this accounts for the presence of Danish reckoning alongside English in that hundred. The Stodfold Danes submitted to Edward the Elder in 914, the rest of the army of Northampton in 917. In Stodfold, 6-carucate and 5-hide units appear from the Domesday returns to have been of roughly equal economic value; each hide was therefore some 20% more valuable than a carucate, and when carucates were treated as hides for taxation their burden was proportionately greater. The area contributing to the defence of Edward's burh of Buckingham was defined by the number of men needed to man the perimeter of that stronghold; though originally a military command rather than a civil jurisdiction, this area gave rise to the county, to which the Chiltern Hundreds were soon added.
    [Show full text]
  • Anglo-Saxon Kings Use Your Knowledge About King Alfred the Great and King Athelstan to Answer the Questions
    Anglo-Saxon Kings Use your knowledge about King Alfred the Great and King Athelstan to answer the questions. You can also use the Anglo-Saxon Kings Information Sheet to help you. 1. What was the last remaining Anglo-Saxon kingdom in AD 878? 2. When did King Alfred the Great become king? 3. What happened when the Vikings invaded Wessex in AD 878? 4. What happened at the Battle of Edington? 5. Who was Guthrum? 6. When did King Alfred agree a treaty to divide up land with the Vikings? 7. What was Danelaw? 8. When did Athelstan become king? 9. Which kingdom did King Athelstan take back from the Vikings? 10. Which Scottish king did Athelstan manage to control? Page 1 of 2 visit twinkl.com Anglo-Saxon Kings 11. When was the Battle of Brunanburh? 12. How did Athelstan help to strengthen the British relationships overseas? 13. Who do you think was the greater king: Alfred the Great or Athelstan? 14. In what ways do you think the two kings are similar and in what ways are they different? Page 2 of 2 visit twinkl.com Anglo-Saxon Kings Answers Use your knowledge about King Alfred the Great and King Athelstan to answer the questions. You can also use the Anglo-Saxon Kings Information Sheet to help you. 1. What was the last remaining Anglo-Saxon kingdom in AD 878? The last remaining kingdom in AD 878 was Wessex. 2. When did King Alfred the Great become king? King Alfred the Great became king in AD 871. 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Joint Cabinet Crisis the Great Heathen Army
    Joint Cabinet Crisis The Great Heathen Army Hamburg Model United Nations “Shaping a New Era of Diplomacy” 28th November – 1st December 2019 JCC – Great Heathen Army Hamburg Model United Nations Study Guide 28th November – 1st December Welcome Letter by the Secretary Generals Dear Delegates, we, the secretariat of HamMUN 2019, would like to give a warm welcome to all of you that have come from near and far to participate in the 21st Edition of Hamburg Model United Nations. We hope to give you an enriching and enlightening experience that you can look back on with joy. Over the course of 4 days in total, you are going to try to find solutions for some of the most challenging problems our world faces today. Together with students from all over the world, you will hear opinions that might strongly differ from your own, or present your own divergent opinion. We hope that you take this opportunity to widen your horizon, to, in a respectful manner, challenge and be challenged and form new friendships. With this year’s slogan “Shaping a New Era of Democracy” we would like to invite you to engage in and develop peaceful ways to solve and prevent conflicts. To remain respectful and considerate in diplomatic negotiations in a time where we experience our political climate as rough, and to focus on what unites us rather than divides us. As we are moving towards an even more globalized and highly military armed world, facing unprecedented threats such as climate change and Nuclear Warfare, international cooperation has become more important than ever to ensure peace and stability.
    [Show full text]