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VIKINGS REACH OUT YEAR 4 name: class: Knowledge Organiser • Vikings • Year 4 Vocabulary Timeline Vikings People from Scandinavia (Norway, 789 CE First Scandinavian raids Sweden and Denmark). They wer also 793 CE Viking attack on Lindisfarne referred to as ‘Norsemen’ (men of the 865 CE Great Heathen Army invades (a large North) or ‘Danes’. Viking army) Danelaw The Land which King Alfred agreed to 878 CE Battle of Edington - King Alfred defeats give to the Vikings. Here they followed Guthrum. Guthrum is then baptised. their own laws - not the Anglo-Saxon ones. The most important city in the 927 CE Athelstan unites the English kingdoms Danelaw was York (or Jorvik as the 985 CE Bjarni Herjolfsson discovers America by Vikings knew it). accident Raid A surprise attack with the aim of 991 CE Battle of Maldon leads to the first Danegeld. stealing things. Vikings would raid Payments had previously been made but homes and even monasteries to steal they were not Danegelds. as much as they culd. However, not all 1013 CE King Sven Forkbeard of Sweden lands and Vikings were raiders. becomes King of England Danegeld Money paid to Vikings to try and stop 1016 CE King Cnut becomes King of England them invading and raiding. The saxons 1066 CE Edward the Confessor dies, leading to gave them silver to leave. several contenders claiming the throne. Longship Long, narrow boats which the Vikings Harold Godwinson, a Saxon becomes King, used for raiding. They could travel up defeats the Viking Harald Hadrada, but is rivers as well as across the sea and then killed by William the Conqueror at the were ideal for a quick getaway. Battle of Hastings. The Saxon and Vikings ages end, and the era of Norman rule in Pagan During the Viking times, people who Britain begins. believed in multiple gods. Monotheist Somene who believes in only one god. Polytheist Someone who believes in multiple gods. Important People Saga A story or myth, especially abut early Viking voyages. King Alfred King of Wessex from 871 to 889, defended Wessex from the Viking Valhalla A great hall where dead heroes conquest. Labelled himself The feasted with the gods. King of the English. Asgard A sky world - where the gods live. Guthrum King of the Vikings in Danelaw at the time of the treaty with the Saxons. Athelstan First King to unite all of the English Norse Gods kingdoms, 927. King Aethelred II Became King at 7 years Odin Chief god the Unready old. He introduced an official agreement known as Danegeld Thor God of thunder, fertility, the sky and with the Vikings. law King Cnut King of England, Denmark and Loki God of mischief and chaos Norway. He ruled England from Freya Goddess of love, beauty, fertility and 1016 to 1035. war Bjarni Herjolfsson Norse explorer who sighted The Frey God of fertility (Freya’s brother) Americas in 985. Leif Erikson Icelandic explorer who was the first European to set foot in North America. William First Norman King of the Conqueror England. This victory marks the end of the Viking age. He invaded England from Normandy* *This area was called Normandy because it was originally a stronghold of the Vikings (Norse Men). So the Normans were actually Vikings! 2 Lesson Question You will learn Learning Review Why did the Vikings • Where the Vikings came from. invade Britain? • What life was like in the Viking homelands. • What Britain had to offer to invaders. • How the Vikings settled in Britain What happened at • Why Lindisfarne was such an important Lindisfarne in 793? island. • Who lived on Lindisfarne. • How the Vikings found and attacked the island. • How we know about the attacks. Why did Alfred • The Anglo Saxon King Alfred. sign a treaty with • The Great Heathen Army. Gurthum • The Viking warrior Guthrum. • How Guthrum became Æthelstan. Were the Vikings • The Irish priest Brendan. The Viking explorer the first Europeans Bjarni Herjólfsson to discover the • The Viking explorer Leif Erikson. Americas? • The Italian explorer Christopher Columbus. Who were the Norse • The similarities between the Norse and Gods? Anglo-Saxon Gods. • The story of Odin’ s eye. • The death of Baldur. Did King Cnut try to • How Cnut became King. stop the tide from • Cnut’ s religious beliefs and activities. coming in? • The different explanations for Cnut trying to stop the tide. 3 Lesson 01 Why did the Vikings raid and invade Britain? Who were the Vikings? 2. The Vikings were just warriors. The Vikings’ homeland was Scandinavia: Do you agree with this statement? modern Norway, Sweden and Denmark. The Vikings were warriors, skilled craftsmen and __________________________________________ boat-builders, adventurous explorers, fantastic __________________________________________ farmers and wide-ranging traders. From Scandinavia they travelled great distances, __________________________________________ mainly by sea (using longboats) – as far as North America to the west, Russia to the east, Lapland to the north and Iraq to the south. Life in Scandinavia Scandinavia, the Viking’s homeland, was overwhelmingly rural (a geographic area outside of towns & cities). The Vikings lived in small settlements of longhouses. The largest villages consisted of only fifteen to fifty farmsteads/longhouses. The vast majority of Vikings earned a meagre (poor) living through agriculture (farming), or along the coast, by fishing. Viking farm work was perilous (deadly). It was gruelling work that required incredible inputs of labour to accomplish the simplest of tasks. Famines, raids, and natural disasters were ever-present dangers that could rob the farming household of their crops and, ultimately, their lives. 3. True or False? Read the statements and circle the correct answer. 1. Where was the Viking’s homeland? The Vikings lived in cities. True / False __________________________________________ Vikings lived in longhouses. True / False The vast majority of Vikings True / False were farmers or fishermen. 4 • Lesson 1 Raiding and Invading Need for Land or Resources Over the course of the Viking Age, the Some historians believe that the Vikings Scandinavians came to occupy large struggled to provide sufficient (enough) territories in Europe, and plundered (raided) resources for their population. Whilst there was much of the rest. The Vikings began exploring land in Scandinavia that could have been Europe from around 789 CE and with this farmed on, it would have required tremendous exploration came raiding – sudden attacks in effort to prepare it for a small growing season which, if successful, plunder and slaves were Traditionally, the eldest son of a Viking family seized. Eventually, following numerous Viking inherited the family’s estate, thus leaving raids, the Scandinavian explorers began younger sons to seek their fortune by emigrating settling in foreign lands and Vikings settlements (moving abroad) or engaging in raids. These developed across Europe. younger sons therefore needed to travel in order to have land. 4. Draw on your map the routes England had a milder climate compared to the Vikings took to Britain Scandinavia, which meant that it had better growing conditions. Additionally, there was a lot of arable land (where crops can grow) that could be farmed on. 5. How was the need for land and resources similar to the AngloSaxons motivations for coming to Britain? __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ Religious Retaliation Potential Motivations for Viking Travel In 772, Charlemagne (a European Christian Many Vikings departed Scandinavia on raids or King) waged wars with pagans in modern- even as settlers for Britain. We will now examine day Germany. As the Vikings were pagans (at the Viking motivations for leaving Scandinavia. the time, someone who believed in multiple gods), some historians believe that the Vikings began raiding Christian countries in response to Charlemagne and other European Christians who were killing or converting pagans to Christians. 6. Do you know about any other religious conflicts? Lesson 1 • 5 Wealth & Honour Settling in Britain The Vikings desired success. They wanted Over time, many Vikings chose to stay in Britain respect, land and riches. One method of finding rather than return to Scandinavia after their wealth was to raid and plunder. Britain at the raids. From 865, Viking communities developed time was relatively wealthy and the Church in across Scotland and England as Viking warriors particular received and stored much of Britain’s began to colonise (settle among and establish wealth. The Pagan Vikings held no reservations control) the British Isles. about taking from the church or indeed from This invasion was hostile and the negotiation the rest of Britain’s population. Arguably, the for land and power was completed by force. desire to receive wealth in plunder and honour in battle provided motivation for many Vikings to depart Scandinavia. Technology & Knowledge The Vikings adopted new kinds of longboats (ships). The Scandinavians were a maritime people due to the geography of their homelands – as it was easier to travel using the sea. The Vikings were exceptional ship builders and innovators, the development of long ships with sails enabled the Vikings to travel much This artist’s picture, based on archaeological evidence, further distances in much quicker times. With the shows what an early Viking settlement in England might improved ships, Viking navigators then began have looked like. exploring and this knowledge of far-away lands was shared upon the return
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