DOCSLIB.ORG

Vikings – Lesson 3 Why Did Alfred Sign a Treaty with Guthrum?

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Vikings – Lesson 3 Why Did Alfred Sign a Treaty with Guthrum? Vikings – Lesson 3 Why did Alfred sign a treaty with Guthrum? Subject Knowledge Notes Guthram was one of the leaders, alongside Halfdan, of the Viking Great Army that invaded Britain in 871. The Viking army attacked the Anglo-Saxon states of Wessex, Northumbria and Mercia. In 875 the army split in two. Half, led by Halfdan, went north into Scotland and breifly into Ireland while the other half, led by Guthrum, went into East Anglia and set up base there. In the following year Guthrum moved his army into Wessex and advanced as far as Exeter. Possibly it is here that the Vikings were defeated by Alfred but defeated or not the Vikings did not stay long and they went to Mercia. In early 878 during the winter months Guthrum attacked Wessex and caught Alfred unprepared. Alfred was forced to flee and he took refuge at Athelney. Alfred rebuilt his army and defeated Guthrum at the Battle of Edington. Alfred converted Guthrum to Christianity and gave him land as part of Danelaw where he ruled until his death in 890. Taken from http://www.timeref.com/people/hpr1085.htm In around 880, King Alfred the Great agreed the following treaty with Guthrum (d. 890), one of the viking leaders. The text begins: ‘This is the peace which King Alfred and King Guthrum and the councillors of all the English people, and all the people who are in East Anglia, have all agreed and confirmed with oaths. First concerning our boundaries: up the Thames, and then up the Lea, and along the Lea to its source, then in a straight line to Bedford, then up the Ouse to Watling Street’. This treaty is important for revealing the extent of Alfred’s enlarged kingdom, comprising Wessex and parts of the former kingdom of the Mercians. London, in particular, remained on the ‘English’ side. The text also suggests that Scandinavian settlement was already taking place in East Anglia. Before the treaty was agreed, Guthrum had left his base at Cirencester and taken his army back to East Anglia, where they settled and ‘shared out the land’. Much may lie hidden beneath the bare record of these events. The treaty is preserved in a book compiled around 1100, which contains an important collection of legislation from the time of Alfred to that of Cnut. Taken from https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/treaty-between-alfred-and-guthrum Resources Further reading: http://www.earlyenglishlaws.ac.uk/laws/texts/agu/ ; https://www.ourmigrationstory.org.uk/oms/making-peace-scandinavian-migrants-in-the-reign-of-king-alfred Useful videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_K6P3T0NIjo Lesson Three: Why did Alfred sign a treaty with Guthrum? • Display the question for today’s lesson (slide 2) • Ask pupils to complete the review from last lesson (slide 3) in silence. • Circulate to spot which misconceptions or difficulties are apparent 5 minutes • Display answers for the quiz (slide 4) and ask pupils to self- or peer-mark. • • Read Great Heathen Army (slide 5) – emphasise that the image is of a re-enactment. • Note that these weren’t the small raids and invading, the Vikings joined together to create a big army that could attack all of Britain. • Ask pupils to answer question 1, check answer (865) and then continue reading. 5 minutes • Ask pupils to discuss why the Vikings hadn’t attacked Wessex. • They should discuss how Alfred the Great had paid them not to attack. Remind them of the connection with last term’s unit and the way prior learning strengthens our understanding. 5 minutes • Display a map of Britain (slide 6) to show how the Viking armies split and attacked different places. • Continue reading Guthrum vs Alfred (slide 7) • Display the map again, to show the Viking forces taking all of the east of England. • Note how Alfred defeated Guthrum. 5 minutes • He is often referred to as Alfred the Great. • However, note that he then signed a treaty. Vikings – Lesson 3 Why did Alfred sign a treaty with Guthrum? • You could question the pupils about why he would do this? (Better to strike a deal when you are in a position of power, wanted to create a peace, etc. • Ask pupils to reorder the events of the battles between Guthrum and Alfred (slide 8). • Pupils should complete this in partners, referring back to the text. • This will give pupils a chance to use the language of battles, treaties (agreements/deals), Danegeld etc. 10 minutes • Display the answers for pupils to correct their work • Now all pupils have the correct order, they can tell the story of Alfred versus Guthrum throughout the 870s. • Circulate as pupils retell the story, and push for them to use specific language. 10 minutes • Read Aftermath and display the image of Guthrum being baptised (slide 9) • Ask pupils what the image shows. They might notice the text of Alfred and Guthrum • Ask pupils about the significance of this baptism (they now worshipped the same God, Alfred was Godfather to Guthrum). • Ask pupils about how this would be an advantage to both Alfred and Guthrum (Guthrum may inherit 5 minutes Wessex, Alfred would stop the attacks and could call himself King of all the English) • Ask pupils to complete the “but, because, so” exercise (slide 10). • Share different responses as a class. Praise pupils who use specific language/events/dates in their answers. • Ask pupils to then redraft their answers to improve them. 10 minutes • Ask pupils to complete their learning review (slide 11). • They should jot down the most important things they learnt today. • You could share some of these. 5 minutes .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Influence of Old Norse on the English Language
    Antonius Gerardus Maria Poppelaars HUSBANDS, OUTLAWS AND KIDS: THE INFLUENCE OF OLD NORSE ON THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE HUSBANDS, OUTLAWS E KIDS: A INFLUÊNCIA DO NÓRDICO ANTIGO NA LÍNGUA INGLESA Antonius Gerardus Maria Poppelaars1 Abstract: What have common English words such as husbands, outlaws and kids and the sentence they are weak to do with Old Norse? Yet, all these examples are from Old Norse, the Norsemen’s language. However, the Norse influence on English is underestimated as the Norsemen are viewed as barbaric, violent pirates. Also, the Norman occupation of England and the Great Vowel Shift have obscured the Old Norse influence. These topics, plus the Viking Age, the Scandinavian presence in England, as well as the Old Norse linguistic influence on English and the supposed French influence of the Norman invasion will be described. The research for this etymological article was executed through a descriptive- qualitative approach. Concluded is that the Norsemen have intensively influenced English due to their military supremacy and their abilities to adaptation. Even the French-Norman French language has left marks on English. Nowadays, English is a lingua franca, leading to borrowings from English to many languages, which is often considered as invasive. But, English itself has borrowed from other languages, maintaining its proper character. Hence, it is hoped that this article may contribute to a greater acknowledgement of the Norse influence on English and undermine the scepticism towards the English language as every language has its importance. Keywords: Old Norse Loanwords, English Language, Viking Age, Etymology. Resumo: O que têm palavras inglesas comuns como husbands, outlaws e kids e a frase they are weak a ver com os Nórdicos? Todos esses exemplos são do nórdico antigo, a língua dos escandinavos.
    [Show full text]
  • The Viking Age
    Laval University From the SelectedWorks of Fathi Habashi March, 2020 The iV king Age Fathi Habashi Available at: https://works.bepress.com/fathi_habashi/615/ The Viking Age INTRODUCTION The Viking Age (793-1066) is a period in history during which the Scandinavians expanded and built settlements throughout Europe. They are sometimes referred to as Norsemen and known to the Greek as Varangians. They took two routes: the East - - the present-day Ukraine and Russia, and the West mainly in the present-day Iceland, Greenland, Newfoundland, Normandy, Italy, and the British Isles. The Viking were competent sailors, adept in land warfare as well as at sea. Their ships were light enough to be carried over land from one river system to another. Viking ships The motivation of the Viking to invade East and West is a problem to historians. Many theories were given none was the answer. For example, retaliation against forced conversion to Christianity by Charlemagne by killing any who refused to become baptized, seeking centers of wealth, kidnapping slaves, and a decline in the profitability of old trade routes. Viking ship in Oslo Museum The Vikings raids in the East and the West of Europe VIKINGS IN THE EAST The Dnieber The Vikings of Scandinavia came by way of the Gulf of Finland and sailed up the Dvina River as far as they could go, and then carried their ships across land to the Dnieper River, which flows south to the Black Sea. They raided villages then they became interested in trading with the Slavs. Using the Dnieper, they carried shiploads of furs, honey, and wax south to markets on the Black Sea, or sailed across that sea trade in Constantinople.
    [Show full text]
  • The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle’, 865–96
    Clare Downham, University of Liverpool 2 Annals, armies, and artistry: ‘The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle’, 865–96 ‘THE ANGLO-SAXON CHRONICLE’ from 865 to 896 is an engrossing description of affairs in England during the mature years of Alfred the Great, king of the West Saxons and then overking of the Anglo-Saxons (871–99). Much of the narrative is pre-occupied with the description of viking-campaigns, and it is a major source for understanding how vikings first came to conquer and settle English territory. Nevertheless, it is striking that the presentation of information in ‘The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle’ for those years was influenced by stylistic and political considerations. These can provide important clues to the circumstances of the composition of annals 865 to 896. For the years 865–96 there seem to be two distinct phases of chronicling activity in ‘The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle’. The first runs from A.D. 864/5 to 891/2 (annals 865–92) and belongs to the Chronicle’s ‘Common Stock’ (60 B.C.–A.D. 892), while the second constitutes its first continuation, for the four years 893– 6. Ruth Waterhouse has discussed the former section.1 She has drawn attention to the distinct word-order of annals 865–91 and the stylistic features (such as its verbs of motion) which distinguish it from what precedes and what follows.2 Peter Sawyer has argued persuasively that this section properly ends at 892 (not 891), which is therefore where that ‘Common Stock’ of the Chronicle ends.3 It is also in this section that the beginning of the year was calculated from September.4 1R.
    [Show full text]
  • VIKINGS 2020 Vikings
    VIKINGS 2020 vikings Week 4 | Sunday, October 4, 2020 | NRG Stadium | Noon CT | FOX 2020 record game summary REGULAR SEASON......................................... 0-3 The Minnesota Vikings (0-3) travel to play the NFC NORTH ....................................................0-1 Houston Texans (0-3) with kickoff is set for noon CT at HOME ............................................................ 0-2 NRG Stadium. The Texans are coming off a 28-21 road AWAY .............................................................0-1 loss against the Steelers. The Vikings lost 31-30 at home against the Titans. The Vikings three-game losing streak 2020 schedule to start the season is just the third three-game losing streak in seven seasons under Head Coach Mike Zimmer. sun sept 13 gb noon l, 43-34 The Vikings 6.03 yards per carry leads the NFL, sun sept 20 @ ind noon l, 28-11 sun sept 27 ten noon l, 31-30 while RB Dalvin Cook ranks third individually with 294 sun oct 4 @ hou noon fox rushing yards and sixth with 6.13 yards per carry. Cook’s sun oct 11 @ sea 7:20 pm nbc 181 rushing yards in Week 3 set a new career high and sun oct 18 atl noon fox marked the highest total in the NFL this season. sun oct 25 bye LB Eric Kendricks, who has led the team in tackles sun nov 1 @gb noon* fox for five consecutive seasons, currently ranks tied for sun nov 8 det noon* cbs first in the NFL with 33 total tackles through Week 3. mon nov 16 @ chi 7:15 pm* espn sun nov 22 dal 3:25 pm* fox DE Yannick Ngakoue has recorded a strip sack in each of sun nov 29 car noon* fox the last two games, becoming just the fourth player in sun dec 6 jax noon* cbs team history to have consecutive games with at least 1.0 sun dec 13 @ tb noon* fox sack and one forced fumble, joining DT John Randle, DE sun dec 20 chi noon* fox Jared Allen and DE Brian Robison.
    [Show full text]
  • History Channel's Fact Or Fictionalized View of the Norse Expansion Gypsey Teague Clemson University, [email protected]
    Clemson University TigerPrints Presentations University Libraries 10-31-2015 The iV kings: History Channel's Fact or Fictionalized View of the Norse Expansion Gypsey Teague Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/lib_pres Part of the Library and Information Science Commons Recommended Citation Teague, Gypsey, "The iV kings: History Channel's Fact or Fictionalized View of the Norse Expansion" (2015). Presentations. 60. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/lib_pres/60 This Presentation is brought to you for free and open access by the University Libraries at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in Presentations by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 The Vikings: History Channel’s Fact or Fictionalized View of The Norse Expansion Presented October 31, 2015 at the New England Popular Culture Association, Colby-Sawyer College, New London, NH ABSTRACT: The History Channel’s The Vikings is a fictionalized history of Ragnar Lothbrok who during the 8th and 9th Century traveled and raided the British Isles and all the way to Paris. This paper will look at the factual Ragnar and the fictionalized character as presented to the general viewing public. Ragnar Lothbrok is getting a lot of air time recently. He and the other characters from the History Channel series The Vikings are on Tee shirts, posters, books, and websites. The jewelry from the series is selling quickly on the web and the actors that portray the characters are in high demand at conventions and other venues. The series is fun but as all historic series creates a history that is not necessarily accurate.
    [Show full text]
  • ST EDMUND Dedicated to St Edmund and All the Bright Spirits of Old England Who Bring Comfort and Growing Hope That All the Wrong Shall Yet Be Made Right
    THE LIGHT FROM THE EAST: ENGLAND’S LOST PATRON SAINT: ST EDMUND Dedicated to St Edmund and all the Bright Spirits of Old England Who Bring Comfort and Growing Hope That all the Wrong Shall Yet Be Made Right. by Fr Andrew Phillips CONTENTS: Foreword Prologue: Seven Kingdoms and East Anglia Chapter One: Childhood of a King Chapter Two: Edmund’s Kingdom Chapter Three: Edmund’s Martyrdom Chapter Four: Sainthood of a King Epilogue: One Kingdom and Anglia Appendix Bibliography To Saint Edmund This booklet was originally published in parts in the first volume of Orthodox England (1997–1998). This online edition has been revised by Fr Andrew Phillips and reformatted by Daysign, 2020. The Light from the East: England’s Lost Patron Saint: St Edmund Foreword FOREWORD Tis a sad fact, illustrative of our long disdain and neglect of St Edmund 1, formerly much revered as the Patron Saint of England, that to this day there exists no Life of Ithe Saint which is readable, reliable and accessible to the modern reader. True, there is the Life written in Ramsey by St Abbo of Fleury over a thousand years ago in c. 985. Written in Latin but translated shortly afterwards into Old English by that most orthodox monk Ælfric, it is based on an eyewitness account. We think it reliable, but it is not accessible and it covers only a short period of the Saint’s life. True, a great many mediæval chroniclers wrote of St Edmund, among them – Hermann of Bury StEdmunds, Symeon of Durham, Geoffrey Gaimar, Geoffrey of Wells, William of Malmesbury, Osbert of Clare, Florence of Worcester, Jocelin of Brakelond, William of Ramsey, Henry of Huntingdon, Ingulf of Crowland, Matthew Paris, Roger of Wendover, Denis Piramus, Richard of Cirencester and John Lydgate.
    [Show full text]
  • The Vikings Pdf, Epub, Ebook
    THE VIKINGS PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Else Roesdahl | 352 pages | 01 Jan 1999 | Penguin Books Ltd | 9780140252828 | English | London, United Kingdom The Vikings PDF Book Young men were expected to test themselves in this manner. Roam Robotics, a small business located in San Francisco, California, has developed a lightweight and inexpensive knee exoskeleton for Still, Leif established new colonies and even traded with the natives. If a dispute could not be settled, they often resorted to duels or torturous trials known as ordeals [source: Wolf ]. It's best used at 36 points and above to really appreciate the details. And who can blame her? Lagertha Katheryn Winnick , the first wife of Ragnar Lothbrok Travis Fimmel , made quite a name for herself throughout the series. We'll look at the military and nonmilitary technology used by the Vikings in the next section. An elected or appointed official known as a law-speaker acted as an impartial judge to guide the meetings. During Operation Enduring Freedom in late and throughout , forward- deployed S-3B Viking tankers flew more than percent over their normal flight hours underway, enabling air wing strike fighters to reach their assigned kill boxes and return safely to the aircraft carrier from Afghanistan. Sortie rates of 30 missions a day were not uncommon for squadrons operating from carriers in the eastern Mediterranean and the Persian Gulf. No whispering over ale in the Great Hall; it's all shouting with this boisterous crew. It is unknown how many real berserkers existed -- they show up most frequently in Nordic sagas as powerful foils for the heroic protagonist [source: Haywood ].
    [Show full text]
  • Aethelflaed: History and Legend
    Quidditas Volume 34 Article 2 2013 Aethelflaed: History and Legend Kim Klimek Metropolitan State University of Denver Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/rmmra Part of the Comparative Literature Commons, History Commons, Philosophy Commons, and the Renaissance Studies Commons Recommended Citation Klimek, Kim (2013) "Aethelflaed: History and Legend," Quidditas: Vol. 34 , Article 2. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/rmmra/vol34/iss1/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Quidditas by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Quidditas 34 (2013) 11 Aethelflaed: History and Legend Kim Klimek Metropolitan State University of Denver This paper examines the place of Aethelflaed, Queen of the Mercians, in the written historical record. Looking at works like the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and the Irish Annals, we find a woman whose rule acted as both a complement to and a corruption against the consolidations of Alfred the Great and Edward’s rule in Anglo-Saxon England. The alternative histories written by the Mercians and the Celtic areas of Ireland and Wales show us an alternative view to the colonization and solidification of West-Saxon rule. Introduction Aethelflaed, Queen and Lady of the Mercians, ruled the Anglo-Sax- on kingdom of Mercia from 911–918. Despite the deaths of both her husband and father and increasing Danish invasions into Anglo- Saxon territory, Aethelflaed not only held her territory but expanded it. She was a warrior queen whose Mercian army followed her west to fight the Welsh and north to attack the Danes.
    [Show full text]
  • Christianity Under Fire
    University of Iceland School of Humanities Department of English Christianity Under Fire: An Analysis of the Treatment of Religion in Three Novels by Bernard Cornwell B.A Essay Kjartan Birgir Kjartansson Kt.: 260192-2059 Supervisor: Ingibjörg Ágústsdóttir May 2015 Abstract This essay discusses the various different ways Christianity affects relations between different characters as well as political and historical events in three historical novels by Bernard Cornwell. Christianity had a large part to play in medieval societies and was often the source of many conflicts, especially in the British Isles. The three novels covered in the essay take place during different periods of time in the medieval history of England, that is, the Arthurian period in The Winter King, the Viking invasions by the Pagan Danes in The Last Kingdom and the high-medieval period in Harlequin. The essay discusses both the historical background of each novel and how these novels depict the Church as it was during the period in question, as well as the Christian and non-Christian characters and religions in general. Furthermore, this essay discusses the troubling youth and life of Bernard Cornwell and how he has admitted to be prejudiced against all religions. Christianity is a religion which Cornwell treats with special contempt, especially when the faith is contrasted with the pagan or otherwise non-Christian faiths in his novels. The medieval Christians in these novels are extremely prejudiced towards their non-Christian counterparts, their adversaries in warfare, whether Christian or not, and even women, who are treated more badly than non-Christian women. Additionally, the Christians are usually seen as more corrupt, lazy, unjust, hypocritical, arrogant and bigoted than others.
    [Show full text]
  • Thevikingblitzkriegad789-1098.Pdf
    2 In memory of Jeffrey Martin Whittock (1927–2013), much-loved and respected father and papa. 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A number of people provided valuable advice which assisted in the preparation of this book; without them, of course, carrying any responsibility for the interpretations offered by the book. We are particularly indebted to our agent Robert Dudley who, as always, offered guidance and support, as did Simon Hamlet and Mark Beynon at The History Press. In addition, Bradford-on-Avon library, and the Wiltshire and the Somerset Library services, provided access to resources through the inter-library loans service. For their help and for this service we are very grateful. Through Hannah’s undergraduate BA studies and then MPhil studies in the department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic (ASNC) at Cambridge University (2008–12), the invaluable input of many brilliant academics has shaped our understanding of this exciting and complex period of history, and its challenging sources of evidence. The resulting familiarity with Old English, Old Norse and Insular Latin has greatly assisted in critical reflection on the written sources. As always, the support and interest provided by close family and friends cannot be measured but is much appreciated. And they have been patient as meal-time conversations have given way to discussions of the achievements of Alfred and Athelstan, the impact of Eric Bloodaxe and the agendas of the compilers of the 4 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 5 CONTENTS Title Dedication Acknowledgements Introduction 1 The Gathering
    [Show full text]
  • A Viking Encounter’ the Vikings Came from the Scandinavian Countries of Norway, Sweden and Denmark
    Map of Viking Routes Year Five – ‘A Viking Encounter’ The Vikings came from the Scandinavian countries of Norway, Sweden and Denmark. The time between 787AD and 1050AD is known as the time of the Vikings. Initially, they settled in northern Scotland and eastern England, also establishing the city of Dublin in Ireland. Around 1000AD, some Vikings settled in North America, but did not stay long. They also travelled to southern Spain and Russia, and traded as far away as Turkey. ‘A Viking Encounter’ Useful Websites https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/ztyr9j6 https://www.jorvikvikingcentre.co.uk/ https://www.natgeokids.com/uk/discover/history/general-history/10- facts-about-the-vikings/ https://www.funkidslive.com/learn/top-10-facts-about-vikings/# https://www.dkfindout.com/uk/history/vikings/ Were the Vikings victorious or simply vicious? –The 840 AD – Viking – Danish Vikings 878-886 AD– King Alfred divides 900-911 AD – The Vikings 787-789 AD 866 AD Vikings begin their settlers establish the city of establish a kingdom in England under the Danelaw Act, raid the Mediterranean, and attacks on Britain. Dublin in Ireland. York, England. granting Vikings north & east England. found Normandy in France. Ragnar Lodbrok (740/780-840 AD) Ivar the Boneless (794-873 AD) Erik the Red (950AD-1003AD) Ragnar Ladbrok is a legendary Danish and Swedish Viking leader, who is Ivar the Boneless was a notoriously Erik Thorvaldsson, known as Erik the Red, was a largely known from Viking Age Old ferocious Viking leader and commander Norse explorer, famed for having founded the Norse poetry and literature (there is who invaded what is now England.
    [Show full text]
  • Quick Questions
    The Magic Hammer Quick Questions When the Vikings first came to Britain they were Pagans, 1. Who did the Vikings worship originally? worshipping Norse gods. The king of the gods was Odin, who had a son, Thor, the God of Thunder. Thor’s magic hammer, which could kill an army or bring peace to the world, was missing; the unintelligent frost giant, Thrym, 2. Which two words mean the same as ‘get back’? had stolen it! Loki, the giant and god of Mischief, was sent to find Thrym to retrieve the hammer. However, Thrym laughed and gave Loki an ultimatum: “I will return the hammer if I am given Freya, the Goddess of Love, to be my wife.” Loki had a mischievous plan - rather than send poor Freya, Thor put on a 3. Why do you think that Thrym stole the magic dress and went to reclaim his hammer. hammer? 4. Do you think that Thor managed to recover his hammer? Why do you think this? visit twinkl.com visit twinkl.com The Magic Hammer Answers When the Vikings first came to Britain they were Pagans, 1. Who did the Vikings worship originally? worshipping Norse gods. The king of the gods was Odin, who Accept: Norse gods. had a son, Thor, the God of Thunder. Thor’s magic hammer, which could kill an army or bring peace 2. Which two words mean the same as ‘get back’? to the world, was missing; the unintelligent frost giant, Thrym, Accept: ‘retrieve’ and ‘reclaim’. had stolen it! Loki, the giant and god of Mischief, was sent to find Thrym to retrieve the hammer.
    [Show full text]