The TASC (Total Allowable Scallop Culture)

an approach for the issue on the overproduction in Yezo giant scallop cultivation in

Fisheries Research Agency, Masahito HIROTA

PICES Session7 oct.26 (Portland)

11/12/2010 FISHRIES RESEARCH AJENCY JAPAN What is TASC?

Meaning Initial of [Total Allowable Scallop Culture] （Original word of “Mutsu Bay” in prefecture） Contents ① Background about TASC ② Eestimate of cultivation quantities [from Feed / Income ] ③ Coordination for agreement in stakeholders 1,291 fishers and processors

11/12/2010 FISHRIES RESEARCH AJENCY JAPAN Yezo giant scallop aquaculture in JAPAN [type of aquaculture / distribution map]

Mutsu Bay, Aomori pref.

・・・culture 700,000 ・・・sowing 600,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 Southern Limits 100,000 0 Pacific ocean ton

Aquaculture (hanging) Seabed sowing

Southern Limits 11/12/2010 FISHRIES RESEARCH AJENCY JAPAN Yezo giant scallop aquaculture in Mutsu Bay [Map / Temperature / Aquaculture ratio / Species ratio] N42

Hokkaido Aquaculture ratio (Annual statistics of Fishery and Fish culture 2008) others N41.5 8% Mutsu 30km Bay 41% Mutsu Bay N41 51% Pacific Ocean

Aomori Prefecture E140 E140.5 E141 Production ratio in Mutsu Bay

℃ Sea temperature change （2008-2009） (Date:) 100% 25 80% 20 Survivable temperature 60% 15 Actively growth temperature 40% 10 20% Survivable temperature 5 0% temperature … 0 Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Yezo Giant Scallop Seacucumber or others FISHRIES RESEARCH AJENCY JAPAN 11/12/2010 Yezo giant scallop aquaculture in Mutsu Bay [Over cultivation, Low income and Low quality]

Surface buoys Surface of the sea

Interval Peal Net method Adjustment buoys

Lantern Net method

Anchor Sand bags g / piece Changes of yield weight 18 40 (Moving average) Changes of interval 35 14 30

10 25 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 cm 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

(Date: Aomori Prefecture Fisheries Research Center Aquaculture Institute) 11/12/2010 Overworking on the sea [Over cultivation caused the over work ] in Mutsu Bay

HOURS Working Hours 6.0 (only unloading/day) Start time AM 3:00 AM 3:25 AM 3:35 4.0 AM 3:45 AM 4:00

2.0

0.0 47cm 42cm 38cm 33cm 28cm 1998 １．８Ｈ 6.2 hours ３.０ hours on the sea land works Interval of hanging facilities on the sea

2007 ２.９hours 3.1 hours ４.０ hours DATE : From TASC investigation (HIROTA, 2007)

PM0 4:00 2 4 6AM 8 3:00 10 finish start FISHRIES RESEARCH AJENCY JAPAN 11/12/2010 Yezo giant scallop aquaculture in Mutsu Bay [Over cultivation also led mother scallop shortage]

90 1 year scallop

） Hanging Shell Sexual 3 Processing 2-3 years Frozen term(years) length mature × 10 60 2-3 years Fresh Boiled 1～1.5 7～9cm × Low

30 Frozen 2～2.5 11～13cm ○ High Production, Metric Tons( Metric Production,

～ 0 Fresh 2～2.5 11 13cm ○ High

Fig. Changes in annual processing production of each scallop size and age Managerial efficiency : Re-productivity: :Aomori Fisheries Cooperative Association survey High Low

FISHRIES RESEARCH AJENCY JAPAN 11/12/2010 Summary of issue to be solved [:in Mutsu Bay scallop cultivation Industry]

1. Quality loss and unstable of management

2. Overworking on the sea

3. Re-production loss from mother scallop lack

Quality loss Overwork on sea Mother scallop lack FISHRIES RESEARCH AJENCY JAPAN 11/12/2010 TASC is composed of two analysis [:Feed environment / management simulation]

① Analysis of proper production Feed environment

1) primary production 2) inflow of organic substances

② Calculation of proper production Income and cost simulation

1) price function 2) cost analysis

FISHRIES RESEARCH AJENCY JAPAN 11/12/2010 Analysis of proper production from feed Primary production quantity

① Analysis of proper production Feed environment 1) primary production Research and analysis of 2) inflow of organic substances Feed account balance

Scallop culturing capacity in Mutsu Bay million pieces aquaculture sowing total juvenile adult juvenile adult status 2 years shell 748 342 1 year shell 483 140 163 total 1,573 303 1,876 simulation2 years shell 496 236 1 year shell 328 140 163 total 1,060 303 1,363

Yoshida, Kosaka (2002) Aomori Fisheries research center Aquaculture Institute Research site

FISHRIES RESEARCH AJENCY JAPAN 11/12/2010 Analysis of proper production from feed Inflow organic substances

① Analysis of proper production Feed environment Total Allowable Scallop Culture capacity 1) primary production 83,711(ton )+5,860(ton)=89,571(ton) 2) inflow of organic substances Primary Inflow

12

8

4

0

Fig Rate of inflow organic and primary production TASC system report 2009:Aomori Prefecture Fisheries Institute) FISHRIES RESEARCH AJENCY JAPAN 11/12/2010 Calculation of proper production from management Production function

Analysis of correlation Income and cost simulation 1) Production function production quantities and 2) Cost analysis each Price

Result of Multiple regression

Juvenile Adult Sowing Dependent variable Aomori production -0.00269 -0.00080 - Partial Hokkaido sowing - -0.00054 -0.00124 regression coefficient Hokkaido hanging - -0.00077 - ×Production quota Adult production - - -0.00351 (variable) constant 388.559 474.868 557.938 2 Fitting Adjust R 0.91987 0.8854 0.7816 =Total quantity SE 5.8023 8.3085 13.6774 simulation

TASC system report 2009:Aomori Prefecture Fisheries Institute) FISHRIES RESEARCH AJENCY JAPAN 11/12/2010 Calculation of proper production from management Cost Analysis

Earning and expensive simulation 1) Production function 2) Cost analysis Analysis of cost curve

16,000 Production Curve Cost Curve

12,000

8,000 Max Income Level

Value (million yen) 4,000 85,000 ton

0 0 40 80 120 Quantities (thousands ton) TASC system report 2009:Aomori Prefecture Fisheries Institute) FISHRIES RESEARCH AJENCY JAPAN 11/12/2010 Process to agreement for stakeholders

2007.5～2008.4 Meeting 23times Fisheries Reserchers cooperative Association Prefectural government Sectional meeting

2008.4～2008.6 Term of agreements Total quantities 90,000 Meeting (ton) Adult scallop 20 times 20,000 (ton) 20 Fisheries Participants : 840 peoples cooperative Shift period 2 years Association All concerned : 1,291 entrepreneurs distribution rate X Implemented in 2010. Feb

TASC system report 2009:Aomori Prefecture Fisheries Institute) 11/12/2010 Summary

1 TASC has bio and economic grounds [ Feed environment,/income and expense balance]

2 Implementation on Exercise Regulation for Fishery Right

Fisheries Cooperation applying permission government

2010 Feb start

FISHRIES RESEARCH AJENCY JAPAN 11/12/2010