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Englishbrochuretlig2.Pdf 1 For a time the remains of St. Peter lay with those of St. Paul in a vault on the Appian Way at the place ad Catacumbas, where the Church of St. Sebastian (which on its erection in the 4th century was dedicated to the two Apostles) now stands. The remains had probably been brought there at the beginning of the Valerian persecution in 258, to protect them from the threatened desecration ST. PETER’S SOJOURN IN ROME 17 He said to him the third when the Christian burial-places were confiscated. They were later restored to time: Simon, son of John, do you love me? Peter was grieved because he their former resting-place and, in the 4th century, Constantine the Great had a had said to him the third time: Do you love me? And he said to him: Lord, magnificent basilica erected over the grave of St. Peter at the foot of the Vatican you know all things: you know that I love you. He said to him: Feed my Hill (and another over that of St. Paul on the Via Ostiense). sheep. 18 Amen, amen, I say to you, when you were younger, you girded The Vatican basilica was replaced by the present St. Peter’s in the 16th century. yourself and walked where you would. But when you shall be old, you The vault with the altar built above it (confessio) has been since the 4th century shall stretch forth your hands, and another shall gird you and lead you the most highly venerated martyr’s shrine in the West. In the substructure of the whither you would not. 19 And this he said, signifying by what death he altar, over the vault which contained the sarcophagus with the remains of St. should glorify God. And when he had said this, he said to him: Follow me. Peter, a cavity was made. This was closed by a small door in front of the altar. By John 21: 17-19 opening this door the pilgrim could enjoy the great privilege of kneeling directly Although the fact of St. Peter’s activity and death in Rome is so clearly established, over the sarcophagus of the Apostle. we possess few details of his Roman sojourn. It is generally held that Peter paid a first visit to Rome after he had been miraculously liberated from the prison in From 258 the principal feast of Saints Peter and Paul was kept on 29 June, Jerusalem in 42 AD. Into the Roman list of bishops dating from the 2nd century, on which date solemn Divine Service was held in the above-mentioned three there was introduced in the “Chronograph of 354” the notice of a twenty-five years’ churches from ancient times. pontificate for St. Peter, but we are unable to trace its origin and thus it is possible St. Paul’s Captivity Under The Romans but not certain that he remained there 25 years, ie till his death during the Neronian Paul and the Jewish Leaders in Rome 17Three days later he called persecution. (64-68 AD). together the local leaders of the Jews. When they had assembled, he said Concerning the manner of Peter’s death, we possess a tradition - attested to by to them, “Brothers, though I had done nothing against our people or the Tertullian at the end of the 2nd century and by Origen (in Eusebius, Church History customs of our ancestors, yet I was arrested in Jerusalem and handed over II.1) that he suffered crucifixion. Origen says: “Peter was crucified at Rome with to the Romans. 18When they had examined me, the Romans wanted to his head downwards, as he himself had desired to suffer”. Clement of Rome release me, because there was no reason for the death penalty in my case. in his Letter to the Corinthians (Chapter 5), written c. 80–98, speaks of Peter’s 19But when the Jews objected, I was compelled to appeal to the emperor— martyrdom in the following terms: “Let us take the noble examples of our own even though I had no charge to bring against my nation. 20For this reason generation. Through jealousy and envy the greatest and most just pillars of the therefore I have asked to see you and speak with you, since it is for the sake Church were persecuted, and came even unto death… Peter, through unjust of the hope of Israel that I am bound with this chain.” Acts 28:17-20 envy, endured not one or two but many labours, and at last, having delivered his Falsely accused by the Jews of having brought Gentiles into the Temple, St. testimony, departed unto the place of glory due to him.” Paul was ill-treated by the populace and led in chains to the fortress Antonia in The place of execution was probably the Neronian Gardens on the Vatican, since Jerusalem by the tribune Lysias. The latter having learned that the Jews had there, according to Tacitus, were enacted the gruesome torture and executions of conspired treacherously to slay the prisoner sent him under strong escort to the Neronian persecution; and in this district, in the vicinity of the Via Cornelia and Caesarea, which was the residence of the procurator Felix. Paul had little difficulty at the foot of the Vatican Hills, the Prince of the Apostles found his burial place. Of in confounding his accusers, but as he refused to purchase his liberty, Felix kept this grave Caius already speaks in the 3rd century. him in chains in prison for two years in order to please the Jews, until the arrival of 2 3 his successor, Festus. The new governor wished to send the prisoner to Jerusalem In the presence of God and of Christ Jesus, who is to judge the living and to be tried in the presence of his accusers; but Paul, who was acquainted with the dead, and in view of his appearing and his kingdom, I solemnly urge the snares of his enemies, appealed to Caesar. Thenceforth his cause could be you: 2proclaim the message; be persistent whether the time is favourable or tried only at Rome. The journey of the captive Paul from Caesarea to Rome is unfavourable; convince, rebuke, and encourage, with the utmost patience described by St. Luke in the Acts - there is no doubt that Paul’s trial terminated in teaching. 3For the time is coming when people will not put up with sound in a sentence of acquittal. doctrine, but having itching ears, they will accumulate for themselves 4 Paul Preaches in Rome teachers to suit their own desires, and will turn away from listening to the truth and wander away to myths. 23After they had fixed a day to meet him, they came to him at his lodgings in great numbers. From morning until evening he explained the matter to 5As for you, always be sober, endure suffering, do the work of an evangelist, them, testifying to the kingdom of God and trying to convince them about carry out your ministry fully. 6As for me, I am already being poured out as Jesus both from the law of Moses and from the prophets. 24Some were a libation, and the time of my departure has come. 7I have fought the good convinced by what he had said, while others refused to believe. 25So they fight, I have finished the race, I have kept the faith. 8From now on there is disagreed with each other; and as they were leaving, Paul made one further reserved for me the crown of righteousness, which the Lord, the righteous statement: The Holy Spirit was right in saying to your ancestors through judge, will give to me on that day, and not only to me but also to all who have the prophet Isaiah,26-Go to this people and say, “You will indeed listen, but longed for his appearing. 2 Timothy 4:1-8 never understand, and you will indeed look, but never perceive. 27For this When Paul wrote his Second Epistle to Timothy from Rome, he felt that all human people‘s heart has grown dull, and their ears are hard of hearing, and they hope was lost (4:6); he begs his disciple to rejoin him as quickly as possible, for he have shut their eyes; so that they might not look with their eyes, and listen is alone with Luke. We do not know if Timothy was able to reach Rome before the with their ears, and understand with their heart and turn—and I would heal death of the Apostle. Ancient tradition makes it possible to establish the following them. 28Let it be known to you then that this salvation of God has been sent points: Paul suffered martyrdom near Rome at a place called Aquae Salviae (now to the Gentiles; they will listen.” Acts 28:23-28 Abbazia delle Tre Fontane), somewhat east of the Ostian Way, about two miles Last years of St. Paul from the splendid Basilica of San Paolo fuori le mura (St. Paul outside the walls) This period is wrapped in deep obscurity for, lacking an account in the Acts, we which marks his burial place. The martyrdom took place towards the end of the have only an often uncertain tradition and the brief references of the Pastoral reign of Nero, in the twelfth year (St. Epiphanius), the thirteenth (Euthalius), or the epistles. Paul had long cherished the desire to go to Spain (Romans 15:24, 28) fourteenth (St. Jerome). According to the most common opinion, Paul suffered in and there is no evidence that he was led to change his plan.
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