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Fundação Getulio Vargas Escola De Administração De Empresas De São Paulo FUNDAÇÃO GETULIO VARGAS ESCOLA DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO DE EMPRESAS DE SÃO PAULO MATTIA BORDON COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT, BRAZILIAN NGOS, AND PRIVATE FIRMS: THE LOCATION DECISION PROCESS OF PROJECTS SÃO PAULO 2020 MATTIA BORDON COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT, BRAZILIAN NGOS, AND PRIVATE FIRMS: THE LOCATION DECISION PROCESS OF PROJECTS Trabalho de conclusão de curso apresentado à Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo da Fundação Getulio Vargas (EAESP/FGV), como requisito para conclusão do Mestrado Profissional em Gestão e Políticas Públicas (MPGPP) Orientador: Prof. Dr. Fernando Burgos Pimental dos Santos (EAESP-FGV) SÃO PAULO 2020 Bordon, Mattia. Community development, Brazilian NGOs, and private firms : the location decision process of projects / Mattia Bordon. - 2020. 83 f. Orientador: Fernando Burgos Pimentel dos Santos. Dissertação (mestrado profissional MPGPP) – Fundação Getulio Vargas, Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo. 1. Comunidade - Desenvolvimento. 2. Organizações não-governamentais. 3. Investimentos - Aspectos sociais. 4. Responsabilidade social da empresa. I. Santos, Fernando Burgos Pimentel dos. II. Dissertação (mestrado profissional MPGPP) - Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo. III. Fundação Getulio Vargas. IV. Título. CDU 316.334.52 Ficha Catalográfica elaborada por: Isabele Oliveira dos Santos Garcia CRB SP- 010191/O Biblioteca Karl A. Boedecker da Fundação Getulio Vargas - SP MATTIA BORDON COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT, BRAZILIAN NGOS, AND PRIVATE FIRMS: THE LOCATION DECISION PROCESS OF PROJECTS Trabalho de Conclusão apresentado à Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo da Fundação Getulio Vargas, como requisito para obtenção do título de Mestre em Gestão e Políticas Públicas. Data de Aprovação: ___/___/____. Banca Examinadora: Prof. Dr. Fernando Burgos Pimental dos Santos (Orientador) – FGV- EAESP Prof. Dr. Mario Aquino Alves FGV- EAESP ______________________________ Prof. Dr. Patricia Maria Emerenciano de Mendoça ______________________________ ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to thank first of all my advisor, Professor Fernando Burgos Pimental dos Santos, for having guided me throughout the realization of this research, having shared with me some contacts and having make me passionate about community development. I thank my family, my parents and my brother for having supported me during my period away from home. I thank all the people that accepted to take part in my interviews since they have been essential for my work. I thank the friends of my fraternity for having supported me during the long hours of work at home. RESUMO Meu trabalho trata do conceito de desenvolvimento comunitário e analisa projetos e organizações que atuam neste contexto. Vou me concentrar em duas questões principais de pesquisa baseadas nas 'comunidades' brasileiras como meu ‘case study’. A primeira pergunta aborda a definição de 'desenvolvimento comunitário'. Este é um tema importante relacionado às questões de desenvolvimento e, quanto à definição de desenvolvimento, recomendo que também a definição de 'desenvolvimento comunitário' seja atualizada regularmente. Darei uma definição desse conceito de acordo com as opiniões atuais de organizações que atuam nesta área, e depois compararei as diferenças nas definições de acordo com empresas que realizam projetos sociais e ONGs. Minha segunda linha de pesquisa abordará fatores que levam ONGs e empresas que se envolvem em projetos de desenvolvimento comunitário a agir em algumas áreas específicas. Realizei entrevistas com essas organizações para entender quais são os fatores que influenciam sua decisão de onde realizar seus projetos. Também neste caso irei considerar se existem diferenças em relação aos resultados no que diz respeito ao setor com e sem fins lucrativos. Algumas das perguntas que irei abordar incluem: qual é o significado de 'desenvolvimento comunitário'? por que a organização decidiu executar o projeto nesta comunidade? Qual o peso da necessidade avaliada, política ou contatos pessoais para decidir onde localizar um projeto social? Por fim, incluí um anexo como minha pesquisa acontece no período do Covid-19. Aproveitei da situação para ver como as organizações que se engajam em projetos sociais na minhas entrevistas mudaram sua forma de operar em resposta à pandemia. PALAVRAS CHAVE: desenvolvimento comunitario, localização, OSC, Covid-19, investimento social privado ABSTRACT My work deals with the concept of community development and analyzes projects and organizations which operate in this context. I will focus on two main research questions based on Brazilian ‘comunidades’ as my case study. The first question addresses the definition of ‘community development’. This is an important theme related to development issues, and, as for the definition of development, I recommend that also the definition of ‘community development’ should be regularly updated. The differential of my work is that I will consider current opinions of organizations working in this area, and then I will compare definitions of this concept according to firms carrying out social projects and NGOs1. My second research line will address factors that lead NGOs and firms which engage in community development projects to take action in some specific areas2. I carried out interviews with these organizations to understand which are the factors that influence their decision of where to undertake their projects. Also in this case I will consider whether there are differences concerning results for the profit and non-profit sector. Some of the questions I will address include: what is the meaning of 'community development'? why did the organization decided to run the project in this community? which is the weight of assessed necessity, politics or personal contacts? Finally I included an annex since my research happened in the period of Covid-19. I took advantage of the situation to see how organizations that engage in social projects that participated in my interviews changed their way to operate in response to the pandemic. KEYWORDS: community development, localization, NGO, Covid-19, private social investment 1 OSCs: Organizações da Sociedad Civil, according to Brazilian legislation 2 With ‘area’ I mean not only a particular geographic area, but also a community which respects some specific characteristics. That could be IDH index, poverty level, lack of energy, attitude of dwellers towards receiving projects from the outside, ecc… TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction .....................................................................................................................................11 Topics of research........................................................................................................................13 Community development ......................................................................................... 13 Relationship between community development, impact investment and community investment ................................................................................................................ 21 Localization choice for projects and their link with infrastructures ......................... 23 Overview of Brazilian actors involved in social projects ............................................27 Non-profit organizations: ......................................................................................... 27 For-profit organizations: ........................................................................................... 30 Government ............................................................................................................. 32 Methodology ...................................................................................................................................34 Hypothesis concerning projects’ location choice .................................................... 39 Comprehensive interview results: community development guidelines .............43 NGOs ....................................................................................................................... 43 Firms & business foundations and institutes .......................................................... 45 Results: community development definition............................................................ 47 Comprehensive interview results: factors influencing projects’ location ...........49 NGOs: ...................................................................................................................... 49 Firms & business foundations and institutes .......................................................... 51 Results: factors that influence projects’ location ..................................................... 53 Summary and analysis of results ..........................................................................................55 Conclusion and recommendations for future studies ..................................................60 Bibliography ....................................................................................................................................61 Annex: how organizations interviewed adapted their projects to Covid-19 .......71 An introduction on social projects to fight Covid-19 ................................................ 71 Comprehensive interview results: how organizations interviewed adapted their projects to Covid-19 ................................................................................................. 76 Summary of results: how organizations interviewed adapted their
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