Urban Form at the Edge: Proceedings of ISUF 2013, Volume 1 1
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Urban Form at the Edge: Proceedings of ISUF 2013, Volume 1 1 Urban Form at the Edge: Proceedings from ISUF 2013 will be published in two volumes. This volume is the first. Editors: Paul Sanders, Mirko Guaralda & Linda Carroli © Contributing authors, 2014 This publication is copyright. Apart from fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without written permissions. Enquiries should be made to individual authors. All contributing authors assert their moral rights. First published in 2014 by: Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Creative Industries Faculty – School of Design in conjunction with International Seminar on Urban Form GPO Box 2434 Brisbane, QLD 4001 Australia QUT School of Design: https://www.qut.edu.au/creative- industries/about/about-the-faculty/school-of-design ISUF: http://www.urbanform.org ISBN 978-0-9752440-4-3 National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry: International Seminar on Urban Form (20th : 2013 : Brisbane, Queensland) Urban form at the edge : proceedings from ISUF2013. Volume 1 / Paul Sanders, Mirko Guaralda, Linda Carroli editors. 9780975244043 (ebook) (Volume 1) Cities and towns--Congresses. Sociology, Urban--Congresses. urban anthropology--Congresses. Sanders, Paul, editor. Guaralda, Mirko, editor. Carroli, Linda, editor. 307.76 All opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not reflect views of the publishers and their associates. Permission to republish images is the responsibility of authors, who have confirmed they have secured appropriate permissions to republish any images appearing in their essay. Urban Form at the Edge: Proceedings of ISUF 2013, Volume 1 2 Contents Acknowledgements 5 Introduction 6 Paul Sanders, Mirko Guaralda, Kai Gu, Tony Hall and Leigh Shutter CITIES ON THE EDGE | cities on edge conditions At bustling edges of Empire: colonial cities founded for trade, extraction and administration 8 before 1800 Pedro Guedes Informality on the edge: an insight into the informal settlements in Tehran conurbation, Iran 22 Solmaz Hosseinioon OFF CENTRE | urban form in emerging economies and postcolonial countries Confronting ideological struggles: urban enclaves within the growing enthusiasm for 31 privatisation in China Jiawen Han and Harry Margalit Transformation of the position of historic centre in modernisation: case study of Skopje’s Old 39 Bazaar, R. Macedonia Aleksandra Krstikj and Hisako Koura ON THE EDGE OF THE CITY | peripheral areas and urban form in suburbia Expression of city edges in different cultures and its influence on urban landscape design: a 53 comparison between the urban-rural interface in Brazil and New Zealand medium-sized cities Glauco Cocozza and Sílvia Tavares Precarious housing in risk areas: perspectives within vulnerable communities in Brazil 64 Gabrielle Astier de Villatte Wheatley Okretic and Laura Machado de Mello Bueno Suburban zone of ‘The Transect’: comparing morphologies and design qualities of residential 73 neighbourhoods in Sydney, Kolkata and Miami Sumita Ghosh EDGE CITIES | new urban conditions Diaspora typo-morphology: front and back of Taipei railway stations: modernity, hybridity and 86 diaspora of the postcolonial city Po Ju Huang and Chaolee Kuo Edge form design between natural and artificial: a case study of the Northern New Town of 96 Nanchong, Sichuan Enqi Wang and Xin Wang Urban Form at the Edge: Proceedings of ISUF 2013, Volume 1 3 The new urban conditions to answer old demands of the urban life 105 Stael de Alvarenga Pereira Costa, Jaqueline Duarte Santos and Maria Manoela Gimmler Netto REGIONAL CENTRES | cities and towns with local importance, at the edge of national or regional urban networks Correlation analysis between underground spatial configuration and pedestrian flows by space 116 syntax measures: a case study of underground mall complex in Nagoya Station Kouhei Okamoto, Toshiyuki Kaneda, Akira Ota and Rim Meziani The new order of dwelling as morphological restructuring of Taiwan shophouse, with a case 129 study on Tainan Shu-Li Huang and Chaolee Kuo PUSHING THE EDGE | new technologies and new techniques Hybrid place: blurring the edge between the digital and physical layers of the city 137 Glenda Caldwell Pushing the urban edge: high speed public transports as future shapers of cities 146 Todor Stojanovski Using the ‘Subtracto-Silhouette’ parametric view-shed method in structure planning and 165 architectural design Marcus White Biographies 179 Urban Form at the Edge: Proceedings of ISUF 2013, Volume 1 4 Acknowledgements ISUF 2013 Conference Organising Committee Paul Sanders, QUT Mirko Guaralda, QUT Kai Gu, University of Auckland Tony Hall, Griffith University Leigh Shutter, Griffith University Scientific Committee Paul Sanders, Mirko Guaralda, Kai Gu, Tony Hall, Leigh Shutter, Teresa Marat-Mendes, Vitor Oliveira, Michael Barke, Jeremy Whitehand, Marco Pompili, Nicola Marzot, Ivor Samuels, Peter Larkham, Gordon Holden, Rosie Kennedy, Anoma Kumarasuriyar, Kathi Holt-Damant, Claudia Taborda, Emilio Garcia, Milica Muminovic, Gillian Lawson, Ian Weir, Philip Crowther, Veronica Garcia Hansen, Debra Cushing, Luisa Bravo, Damrongsak Rinchumphu, Jaz Choi, Marcus White, Nicola Marzot. Graphic Design & Cover Art Manuela Taboada Conference Administration Emma White, Jenny Greder, Maree Francis Urban Form at the Edge: Proceedings of ISUF 2013, Volume 1 5 Introduction Urban morphology as a field of study has developed primarily in Europe and North America, and more recently emerging as a recurrent topic in China and South America. As a counterpoint to this centric view, the ISUF 2013 conference explored aspects of ‘urban form at the edge’. In particular the conference examined ‘off centre areas’ such as India, Africa, Middle East, Central Asia and Australasia which require innovative approaches to the study of traditional, as well as post-colonial and contemporary, morphologies. Broader interpretations of urban form at the edge focus on minor centres and suburbia, with their developing and transilient character; edge cities and regional centres; and new technologies and approaches that are developing alongside established methods, tools and theories of urban morphology. Sub-themes for the conference, which comprise the sections of this book, were: • Cities on the Edge – cities on edge conditions, such as natural limits or political boundaries • Off centre – urban form in emerging economies and postcolonial countries • On the Edge of the City – peripheral areas and urban form in suburbia • Edge Cities – new urban conditions • Regional centres – cities and towns with local importance, but at the edge of national or regional urban networks • Pushing the Edge – new technologies and new techniques. Although Australia has historically been considered at the edge of the world due to its location, the conference will take advantage of its relative proximity to Africa, India and South East Asia, especially targeting the seminar to these geographical areas, and directly addressing the challenge for ISUF to develop into these continents. The South East Queensland region incorporates both Brisbane and its neighbour the Gold Coast City. It is the fastest growing metropolitan region in Australia. The rapid processes of urban transformation have brought about challenges that are comparable with the experience of many developing nations. We would like to thank QUT students and staff who volunteered their time before and during the conference; without their support the event would not have been possible. Conference Organising Committee Paul Sanders, QUT Mirko Guaralda, QUT Kai Gu, University of Auckland Tony Hall, Griffith University Leigh Shutter, Griffith University Urban Form at the Edge: Proceedings of ISUF 2013, Volume 1 6 CITIES ON THE EDGE cities on edge conditions Urban Form at the Edge: Proceedings of ISUF 2013, Volume 1 7 At the bustling edges of Empire: colonial cities founded on trade, extraction and conquest before 1700 Pedro Guedes School of Architecture, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Email: p. [email protected] Abstract. Settlements established by Europeans in Asia, the Americas and Africa, some dating back to the 16th century, are at the core of many of today’s global cities. Notions of siting, orientation, subdivision of land and the placing of important institutions in relation to ceremonial space are embedded in the urban tissue of a great number of surviving urban complexes. Strong traces of origins persist even in cases where the built fabric has suffered catastrophic or incremental erasure through conflict, natural disasters or property speculation. This paper describes and compares cities founded by the Portuguese, Spanish and Dutch. Using contemporary maps, views and other records, the study explores how their character and arrangements have endured and the importance ideas scripted into the ambitions of the original founders, which are still present. Keywords: colonial cities, Portuguese enclaves, Spanish grid, VOC outposts, overseas settlements Recasting the world Early in the 16th century, global shifts in networks of trade and power began when Portuguese fleets entered the Indian Ocean and Spain brought the Old World into contact with the New in the Americas (Boorstin, 1986). Both Spain and Portugal were seeking direct routes to the fabled lands of spices and luxuries in the East. During the 15th century, the Portuguese had explored West