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Urologic Robotic Surgery in Clinical Practice Prokar Dasgupta Editor Urologic Robotic Surgery in Clinical Practice Prokar Dasgupta Editor Urologic Robotic Surgery in Clinical Practice Foreword by James O. Peabody and Mani Menon 123 Editor Prokar Dasgupta Department of Urology Guy’s Hospital London UK [email protected] ISBN: 978-1-84800-242-5 e-ISBN: 978-1-84800-243-2 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-84800-243-2 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Control Number: 2008936130 c Springer-Verlag London Limited 2008 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licenses issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc., in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. Product liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for information about drug dosage and application thereof contained in this book. In every individual case the respective user must check its accuracy by consulting other pharmaceutical literature. Printed on acid-free paper Springer Science+Business Media springer.com To family, friends, and the science of robotics Foreword Computer-enhanced (robotic) surgery is an accepted part of the treatment of various surgical diseases. Since its inception at the turn of this century—8 years ago—robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy has become the predominant form of surgical treatment for clinically localized prostate cancer in the United States. While robotic-assisted prosta- tectomy is the first procedure to be performed in great numbers, it is projected that other procedures such as laparoscopic hysterectomy will begin to be performed more commonly with robotic assistance. In fact, most surgical disciplines are beginning to adopt robotic assistance for some of their procedures. Advanced removal and reconstructive procedures are regularly performed in general surgery, head and neck surgery, gynecologic surgery, pediatric surgery, and cardiovascular surgery. The robotic platform that is commonly used (da VinciTM from Intuitive Surgical) has evolved over the past decade with development of the 4th arm, the tile pro feature, smaller instrumentation and newer instrumentation for specific procedures. It is anticipated that further developments will make this platform and future platforms even easier and more effective to use. Cost remains an extremely important issue for practitioners, hospitals, health plans, and governments as they consider adoption of computer-assisted surgery. This continues to be a barrier to wider adoption of the technology. It is hoped that costs for this equipment will decline as the technology develops and new manufacturers begin to produce robotic platforms, but so far this has not happened. Professor Dasgupta was among the first in the UK to em- brace the use of computer-enhanced (robotic) surgery and his vii viii Foreword textbook is a timely addition to the field of robotic-assisted urologic surgery. This field has rapidly passed through a period of procedure development and the techniques (with variations) that are presented within the book are now well developed. The chapters cover the most-common procedures in urology that are being performed with contributions by a variety of international experts. In addition, it addresses the important issues of economics and the basic science and tech- nology of robotics. Surgery is evolving toward less invasive approaches to most procedures and what we have learned through the development of laparoscopic approaches and now computer enhancement should allow for even more minimal access. Multiple instruments will be placed through a single access site and natural orifices will be used as ports of entry. Sim- ulation will allow surgeons to practice the operation before doing it on the patient. Each of these should allow us to do less harm to our patients while we are trying to help them. These are exciting times to be a surgeon. James O. Peabody MD FACS and Mani Menon MD FACS Vattikuti Urology Institute Henry Ford Health System Detroit, MI USA Contents 1 Robotic Technology ............................. 1 Oussama Elhage and Nicholas Hegarty 2 The Basic Science of Robotic Surgery ............. 21 Ben Challacombe and Dan Stoianovici 3 Robotic Prostatectomy .......................... 45 Vipul R. Patel, Kenneth J. Palmer, Geoff Coughlin, and Mario F. Chammas 4 Comparison of Robotic Laparoscopic and Open Radical Prostatectomy .......................... 67 Evangelos Liatsikos, Panagiotis Kallidonis, Jens-Uwe Stolzenburg, Roger Kirby, and Christopher Anderson 5 Robotic-Assisted Radical Cystectomy ............ 113 P. Dasgupta, P. Rimington, A.K. Hemal, and M.S. Khan 6 Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty ....... 133 Declan G. Murphy, Jamie Kearsley, and Anthony J. Costello 7 Robotic Pediatric Urology ....................... 149 Iqbal S. Shergill, Manit Arya, and Imran Mushtaq ix x Contents 8 Robotic Gynecology/Urogynecology .............. 159 Kankipati Shanti Raju, Andreas John Papadopoulos, and Mohammad Shamim Khan 9 Anesthesia and Robotic-Assisted Surgery .................... 181 Lisa Blake, Marcin Sicinski, and Sanjay Gulati 10 Health Economics of Robotic Surgery ............ 195 Qing Wang, David Armstrong, and Alistair McGuire Index .............................................. 233 Contributors Christopher Anderson Department of Urology, St Georges Hospital, London, UK e-mail: [email protected] David Armstrong Department of General Practice, Kings College London School of Medicine, London, UK e-mail: [email protected] Manit Arya University College Hospital, London, UK e-mail: manit [email protected] Lisa Blake Department of Anesthetics, Guy’s & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK e-mail: [email protected] Ben Challacombe Department of Urology, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK e-mail: [email protected] Mario F. Chammas Jr Department of Urology, Nancy School of Medicine, Nancy, France Anthony J. Costello Department of Urology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia e-mail: [email protected] xi xii Contributors Geoff Coughlin Center for Robotic & Computer-Assisted Surgery, Columbus, OH, USA P. Dasgupta Department of Urology, Guy’s & St Thomas’ Hospitals and King’s College London School of Medicine, London, UK e-mail: [email protected] Oussama Elhage Department of Urology, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK e-mail: [email protected] Sanjay Gulati Department of Anesthetics, Guy’s & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK e-mail: [email protected] Nicholas Hegarty Department of Urology, Guy’s Hospital & King’s College London, School of Medicine, London, UK e-mail: [email protected] A.K. Hemal All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India e-mail: [email protected] Panagiotis Kallidonis Department of Urology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece Jamie Kearsley Department of Urology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia e-mail: [email protected] Mohammad Shamim Khan Department of Urology, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK e-mail: [email protected] Roger Kirby The Prostate Center, London, UK e-mail: [email protected] Contributors xiii Evangelos Liatsikos Department of Urology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece Alistair McGuire LSE Health and Social Care, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK e-mail: [email protected] Declan G. Murphy Department of Urology, Guy’s & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London; Department of Urology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia e-mail: [email protected] Imran Mushtaq Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children, London, UK e-mail: [email protected] Vipul R. Patel Department of Robotic & Minimally Invasive Urologic Surgery, Florida Hospital Global Robotics Institute, Celebration, FL, USA e-mail: vipul.patel.md@flhosp.org Kenneth J. Palmer Department of Urology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA Andreas John Papadopoulos Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Maidstone Hospital, Maidstone, UK e-mail: [email protected] Kankipati Shanti Raju Department of Gynecologic Oncology, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK e-mail: [email protected] xiv Contributors P. Rimington East Sussex Hospitals, Eastbourne, UK e-mail: [email protected] Iqbal S. Shergill St Bartholomews & the Royal London Hospitals, London, UK e-mail: Super [email protected] Marcin Sicinski Department of Anesthetics, Guy’s & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK e-mail: [email protected] Dan Stoianovici Department of URobotics, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA e-mail: [email protected] Jens-Uwe Stolzenburg Department of Clinical Andrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany Qing Wang Department of General Practice and Primary Care, School
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