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Bo01 City of Tomorrowmalmö 154 Bo01 City of Tomorrow Malmö Klas Tham et al. Bo01 City of Tomorrow: Ontwerp woningen/Design of the Landschapsarchitect/Landscape * Projecten uitgewerkt in Mumford to Malmö’, Mikael Hård & Barometergatan, Propellergatan, homes: 26 architecten/architects, architect: Jeppe Aagaard Andersen projectdocumentatie/Projects are Thomas J. Misa (red./ed.), Urban Sundspromenaden, Västra o.a./including Bengt Anderson & Supervisie/Supervision: Klas Tham elabrated on in the planning machinery: inside modern Varvsgatan, Malmö, Zweden/ White Arkitekter (Solid Wood-The Aantal woningen (totaal)/Number documentation European cities (Cambridge, MA: Sweden Swedish House-European Village); of homes (total): 350 (2001), 650 MIT Press, 2008), 281-298. Initiatief/Initiative: Malmö Stad/ Bjørn Larsen & Kild Halby (2006), 1400 bewoners/ Bronnen/Sources: http://www.water-in-zicht.nl/ The City of Malmö (Local Kirkegaard (The Norwegian House- inhabitants. Prognose Västra Kate Givan, What does good projecten/bo01-malmo-zweden Investment Programme-LIP), Bo01 European Village*); Erskine & Hamnen bij volledige realisatie: leadership look like? Lessons from (geraadpleegd/accessed 19 juni/ AB (Svensk Bostadsmassa), Tovatt Arkitektkontor AB 30.000 inwoners; dichtheid: 40 Bo01, Sweden (Edinburgh: June 2013). Sydkraft AB, Zweedse staat/the (Scaniaplatsen); Moore Ruble won/ha/ Västra Hamnen’s Architecture and Design Scotland, http://projects.iea-shc.org/task39/ Swedish state, Europese Unie/the Yudell Architects and Planners prognosis when fully completed: 2010). projects/projects/DNH.pdf European Union (Tango*), Nyréns Arkitektkontor 30,000 inhabitants; density: 40 Bengt Persson (red./ed.), (geraadpleegd/accessed 19 juni/ (Kajpromenaden); White AB, Malmö homes/ha Sustainable City of Tomorrow. Bo01 June 2013). (Havshuset); Wingårdh Aantal woningen (per project)/ – Experiences of a Swedish http://www.moorerubleyudell.com/ Arkitektkontor AB (Kajplats 01) Number of homes (per project): The Housing Exposition (Stockholm: projects/tango-bo01-exhibition- Stedenbouwkundig plan/Urban Norwegian House: 14; Tango: 27 Formas, 2005). housing# (geraadpleegd/accessed Housing Exhibitions plan: Quality Programme en Plangebied/Planning area: 25 ha CMHC, Innovative Buildings. Bo01 19 juni/June 2013). masterplan door Klas Tham (Västra Hamnen: 160 ha) Sustainable Housing Development http://www.archnewsnow.com/ (hoofdontwerper en Initiatief/Initiative- Oplevering/ Malmö, Sweden (Canada Mortgage features/Feature34.htm programmacoördinator)/Quality Completion date: 1995-2001 and Housing Corporation, 2005). (geraadpleegd/accessed 19 juni / Programme and masterplan by Tentoonstelling/Exhibition: 17 G.E. Kidder Smith, Sweden Builds June 2013). Klas Tham (lead designer and mei-16 september 2001/17 May - (New York: Reinhold Publishing project coordinator), 16 September 2001 Corporation, 1957). Stadsbyggnadskontoret (Malmö Andrew Jamison, ‘Greening the City Planning Office) City: Urban Environmentalism from Woningbouwtentoonstellingen DASH Dash9 opmaak def.indd 154 6/12/13 13:24 Malmö, met 270.000 inwoners de derde stad van Malmö, with its 270,000 inhabitants, is the third-largest DASH Zweden, is sinds 2000 door de brug over de Öresund city in Sweden. Since 2000, Malmö has been connected to met Kopenhagen verbonden, maar had een imago van Copenhagen by the Öresund Bridge, yet it has continued to verloederde havenstad. Om daar vanaf te komen vatte struggle with its image as a dilapidated port city. To shed de stad het plan op – samen met de Zweedse staat en this image, the city developed a plan (together with the Sundspromenaden met op de een reeks andere partners – zich conform het LIP Swedish state and a range of other partners) to transform achtergrond de woonblokken van (Local Investment Programme, 1998-2003) te ontwikke- Malmö into an exemplary sustainable city, in accordance de woningbouwtentoonstelling with the LIP (Local Investment Programme, 1998-2003). A ViBo i Ribershus uit 1938 len tot een voorbeeldig duurzame stad. Als vliegwiel Sundspromenaden with the blocks daarvoor diende de woningbouwtentoonstelling ‘Bo01 flywheel in this process was the housing exhibition known as of the 1938 ViBo i Ribershus Framtidsstaden’ (City of Tomorrow) in Västra Hamnen ‘Bo01 Framtidsstaden’ (City of Tomorrow), which was held in housing exhibition in the (Westelijk Havengebied), die aan de hand van een kwa- the Västra Hamnen (Western Harbour) section of Malmö. On background liteitsprogramma richtlijnen gaf voor een gevarieerde the basis of a quality programme, this exhibition offered architectonische verschijningsvorm en kwaliteit, ecolo- guidelines in terms of a varied architectural appearance and gische materiaalkeuze, 100 procent hergebruik van quality, the use of ecological materials, energy that is 100 energie, groene publieke ruimten en technische infra- percent recoverable, green public spaces and technical structuur. Bo01 is schatplichtig aan de twintigste- infrastructure. Bo01 is indebted to the twentieth century eeuwse woningbouwtraditie in Zweden, waar het over- housing tradition in Sweden, where the majority of the grote deel van de bevolking in (kleine) appartementen population lives in (small) apartments in the cities, with a in de steden woont, in een hoge dichtheid. De wijkeen- high degree of density. The 1940s notion of the heid uit de jaren 1940, die de Zweedse verzorgingsstaat ‘neighbourhood unit’, which symbolized the Swedish welfare symboliseerde, bestond uit woningen en een centrum state, consisted of houses and a downtown centre with all met alle denkbare voorzieningen. Dit model is als inspi- imaginable amenities. This model was used as the ratiebron voor Bo01 gebruikt. inspiration for Bo01. Het voornaamste doel van de tentoonstelling was According to the lead designer and programme een debat op gang te brengen over de vraag: ‘hoe we coordinator Professor Klas Tham (in collaboration with the vandaag leven en hoe we dat in de toekomst willen Stadsbyggnadskontoret, or City Planning Office), the main doen, en om te streven naar het beste in esthetisch en purpose of the exhibition was to prompt a debate on the ecologisch opzicht en in schone technologie, waarbij question of ‘how we live today, and how we want to live in de behoeften van de mensen centraal staan; duurzaam- the future, striving for the best in aesthetic and ecological heid is daarbij naast de meest verstandige optie ook de terms, and also in terms of clean technology, with the needs meest attractieve,’ aldus hoofdontwerper en program- of the people being the main focus; in this process, macoördinator prof. Klas Tham (in samenwerking met sustainability is not only the most sensible option, but also Stadsbyggnadskontoret). Tham’s absolute passie voor the most attractive one.’ Tham’s absolute passion for people de mens spreekt uit zijn stedenbouwkundige ontwer- is expressed in his urban designs, which include aspects pen, waarin aspecten als onthulling, verrassing, rijk- such as reveals, surprise, richness, complexity and intimacy. dom, complexiteit en intimiteit worden verwerkt. Bo01 In addition to a housing focus, Bo01 was also concerned zou – naast woningbouw – vooral moeten gaan over with sustainable urban development. In Tham’s urban plan, duurzame stedelijke ontwikkeling. In Tham’s steden- an outer ring of apartment buildings along the quays of the bouwkundig plan biedt een buitenring van apparte- Öresund offers shelter to apartment blocks and low-rise mentengebouwen langs de kaden van de Öresund buildings, with land-bound dwellings and a ‘twisted’ street beschutting aan appartementenblokken en laagbouw pattern (‘a grid’, as Tham puts it, ‘that has been distorted by met grondgebonden woningen en een twisted straten- the wind’) along a saltwater canal and Ankarparken. Halfway patroon (volgens Tham ‘een grid dat is vervormd door along the canal, the twist is accentuated by The Turning de wind’) langs een zoutwaterkanaal en Ankarparken. Torso, a 190 m tower designed by Santiago Calatrava that De twist wordt halverwege het kanaal geaccentueerd was not completed until 2006. Although delays meant that door The Turning Torso, een 190 m hoge toren, ontwor- this project was not included in the actual exhibition, it is a pen door Santiago Calatrava, en pas opgeleverd in landmark in the modern tradition of yesterday, one with 2006. Hoewel dit project door vertraging buiten de which Malmö wants to present itself to the world as a city of eigenlijke tentoonstelling viel, is het een landmark in sustainable urban development. de moderne traditie van gisteren waarmee Malmö zich Bo01 has become a ‘best practice example pilot project’ als stad van de duurzame stedelijke ontwikkeling van for a sustainable neighbourhood with a varied range of morgen aan de wereld wil presenteren. homes and an additional urban programme, replete with Bo01 is een best practice example pilot project voor 100 per cent renewable energy. The car-free public space een duurzaam stadsdeel met een gemengd woningaan- (parking ratio: 0.7 per dwelling) allows for attractive cycling bod en aanvullend stedelijk programma geworden, and walking trails. Bo01 is characterized by the recycling of voorzien van 100 procent vernieuwbare energie. De water, raw materials and waste, as well as the use of natural autovrije openbare ruimte (parkeernorm: 0,7 per resources such as solar and wind energy. By encouraging woning) maakt aantrekkelijke fietsroutes en wandelin- architectural diversity without imposing any restrictions, it gen mogelijk. Hergebruik van water, grondstoffen
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