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HMSA4, Against a Melanosomal Fraction of Human Malignant Melanoma'

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HMSA4, Against a Melanosomal Fraction of Human Malignant Melanoma' (CANCER RESEARCH 46, 2904-291 1, June l986J Development and Characterization of a Mouse Monoclonal Antibody, MoAb HMSA4, against a Melanosomal Fraction of Human Malignant Melanoma' Yutaka Akutsu and Kowichi Jimbow2 Department ofDermatology, Sappom Medical College, Sapporo, Japan ABSTRACF the rough ER of melanoma cells but not in melanosomes(18). In other recent studies (19), the antigen identified by MoAb To characterize the biologicalproperty unique to melanocytesand to NKI/C-3 was shown to be localized in the cytoplasm of mela utilize this property to establish laboratory diagnostic tools for malignant noma cells and concentrated in vacuoles and sometimes on melanoma, monoclonal antibody (MoAb) human melanosoine-associated antigen-l (HMSA-1), a mouse monoclonal antibody, was developed melanosomes. This study reports the development of MoAb against purified melanosomal fractions of human melanoma. MoAb HMSA-l by using isolated and solubilized melanosomal frac HMSA-1 belongsto an IgG1 (tc)subclass.Fractionationofcell organelles tions of human melanoma and describesthe specificity and the combined with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay analysis indicated distribution of antigen(s) reactive with it in normal and patho that the antigen(s) reactive with MoAb HMSA-1 is localized in mela logical tissues. The purity of melanosomal fraction was ana nosome and endoplasmic reticulum fractions and that it Is related to lyzed by enzyme markers of cytoplasmic organelles and by melanosomal protein and its precursor forms. The localization of the electron microscopy (20, 21). antigen In the melanosome and endoplasmic reticulum was also confirmed by immunoelectronmicroscopy.Characteristically, MoAb HMSA-1 re acted with formalin-fixed and paraffin-processed tissues of melanocytic MATERIALS AND METHODS nevi and malignant melanoma, including amelanotic lesions. It did not react with normal melanocytes, normal tissues and organs from fetuses Preparation ofMelanosomal Fraction from Human Melanoma Thsue. and adults, or most non-melanocytic tumors. Thus MoAb HMSA-I Human melanoma tissue was obtained from fresh autopsy melanoma identifies the differentiation antigen for the melanosome-associated prop tissues of liver and lung and was processed to isolate melanosomal erty in neoplastic melanocytes and is a useful adjunct for immunohisto fractions by our previously describedmethod (3, 18, 20, 22). In brief, logical diagnosis of melanocytic lesions on routine paraffin sections. melanoma tissue was minced with a 0.25 M sucrose-4 mM phosphate @ buffer, pH 6.8 (2 ml/g oftumor), to which 10 phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride prepared in isopropyl alcohol was added to avoid proteolytic INTRODUCI1ON digestion. Then it was homogenized with a tissue grinder (Nihon Seiki Synthesis of melanosomes is a unique biological property in Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) at 1000 rpm for 3 mm. Nuclear and cell fragments were sedimented by layering the homogenates on 0.5 M normal and malignant melanocytes. Melanosomes are mem sucrose and spinning them at 500 rpm for 10 mm. The crude melano brane-delimited organelles and are composed of the melanin somal fraction was then purified by a discontinuous sucrose density forming enzyme tyrosinase, structural matrix proteins, melanin, gradient ultracentrifugation (1.0—2.0 M sucrose) at 105,000 x g for 2 h and lipids (1—3).Themelanocytes which in many genetic dis with a Hitachi RPS-25S rotor. Next, the melanosomal fraction was orders exhibit abnormal melanin pigmentation synthesize mel suspended in 0.1% Brij 35 and 0.5% sodium deoxycholate in 4 nmi anosomes that are disoriented in their matrix or that are cx phosphate buffer, pH 6.8, at a concentration of about 15 mg of protein tremely large or associated with a peculiar substructure (4, 5). per ml, stirred with a Polytron homogenizer(Kinematica,Luzern, The melanosomes in malignant melanoma and certain forms Switzerland gauge 5), and centrifuged (105,000 x g, 30 mm). The of pigmented melanocytic nevi also become markedly aberrant supernatant was collected, applied to a DE52 column, and eluted with in their matrix substructures as well as in their manner of 0.25 MKCI in 4 mMphosphate buffer, pH 6.8. Immunization. Four 3-month-old BALB/c mice were immunized with organization (6—9). the melanosomal fraction of human malignant melanoma For the The development of MoAb3 to form cell components has initial immunization, 2.0 mg of melanosomal protein in 0.5 ml of provided specific tools for elucidating the molecular nature of phosphate buffer was injected s.c. with Freund's complete adjuvant. the antigenic properties of the cells (10). Antigenic determi After a 2-week rest, the mice were boosted s.c. 3 times with the same nants with unique biological properties defined by MoAb have amount of melanosomal protein in Freund's incomplete adjuvant. A been utilized for characterization of tumor-associated products test bleed was carried out through the eyes after the third boost. and in immunohistopathological and even therapeutic ap Hybridomas Secreting Antibodies. Three days after the last boost proachesto malignant melanoma (11—15).Most ofthese MoAb with an i.p. injection ofthe solubilized melanosomal fraction, the spleen have been directed against surface antigen(s) on the melanoma was aseptically removed, and splenocyteswere dissociated with scissors cells. Occasionally, however, MoAb which identify the cyto and a syringe to make a single cell suspension. Splenocytes (1 x 10 cells)werethenfusedwith the non-secretingmyelomacellsof Sp2/O- plasmic components have also been developed (16, 17). We Ag14 (6 x 10' cells) in the presence of44.6% polyethylene glycol 4000 have shown recently that MoAb 465.12, which belongs to the and 10.7% dimethyl sulfoxide in RPMI 1640 medium (10, 23). The latter category of MoAb, identifies antigen protein localized in resultant cells were suspendedin hypoxanthine, aminopterin, and thy midine in RPMI 1640 and 10% fetal calf serum with 1 nmi non Received 9/5/85; revised 12/30/85; accepted 2/18/86. The costs of publication of this article were defrayedin part by the payment essential amino acid supplemented with 1 mr@i sodium pyruvate and of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisementin antibiotics and distributed in the 240 wells (1 mI/well) of multi-well accordancewith 18 U.S.C. Section 1734solelyto indicatethis fact. plates (Flow Laboratories, Inc., McLean, VA). Subsequently, selected i This study was supported by Grants-in-Md for Cancer Research, Nos. 59010027,60015083,and 6048250 from the MinistryofEducation, Scienceand hybridomas were expanded in hypoxanthine-thymidine medium (hy Culture and Nos. 60-9 from Ministry ofWelfare, and by the Aifred-Marchionini poxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine medium from which aminopterin Foundation. was omitted). The supernatants ofwells with clones were collected and 2 To whom requests for reprints should be addressed. tested for antibody activity. Hybridomas secreting antibodies were 3The abbreviationsusedare: MoAb,monoclonalantibody(-lea);HMSA-l, humanmelanosome-associatedantigen-1;ELISA,enzymelinkedimmunosorbent subcloned 3 times by a limiting dilution in the presence of murine assay;ER, endoplasmicreticulum;PBS, phosphate bufferedsaline;SDS-PAGE, splenocytes as feeder cells. Ascitic fluid was obtained 2 to 3 weeks after sodiumdodecylsulfate-polyacrylamidegelelectrophoresis. injection of hybridoma cells (5 x l0@cells)secreting antibody into the 2904 Downloaded from cancerres.aacrjournals.org on September 25, 2021. © 1986 American Association for Cancer Research. MoAb HMSA-1 peritoneal cavity of BALB/c mice primed 1 week earlier with 0.5 ml of natant supplemented with 0.02% saponin) for 30 min at room temper pristane. Spent culture media and ascitic fluid were used as the sources ature. They were then incubated with biotinylated horse anti-mouse of antibody. IgG and avidin:biotin:peroxidase complex (Vector Laboratories Burlin Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Antibodies were tested for game,CA) for 30 mm eachat room temperature. After a DAB reaction, binding to the solubilized melanosome preparation ofhuman malignant the cells were postfixed with 1% 0s04-cacodylate buffer (0.1 M, pH melanoma by the ELISA described in our previous report with minor 7.2) solution, dehydrated, and embedded in epon 812. Thin sections modifications (18). Fifty Ml of the solubilized melanosomal protein of were made by a Porter Blum MT-2 microtome and observed with a human malignant melanoma or cellular blue nevi were layered into the Hitachi HS-8 electron microscope without counterstaining. wells of a microtiter plate (Dynatech Laboratories, Sussex, U. K.), and the plate was left standing for 2 h at room temperature. The isolation and solubilization of the melanosomal fraction from human cellular RESULTh blueneviwascarriedout with thesamemethodusedmelanomatissue. The wellswerecoatedwith 2% ovalbuminsolution containing0.1% Purified Melanosome Fraction as an Antigen Source. Approx sodium azide for 45 mm and washed 5 times with PBS. The solubiized imately 20 species of polypeptide bands were discerned in the melanosomal fraction was incubated with 50 @tlofspent culture media melanosomal fraction used for immunization under SDS for 2 h at room temperature. After washing 3 times with PBS, 50 g@lof PAGE. Their sizesrangedfrom 10,000 to 150,000 daltons,and peroxidase-labeled rabbit anti-mouse IgG (1/5000 diluted; Dako Im one of them, approximately 70,000 daltons in size, corre munochemical, Inc., Tokyo, Japan) were added to
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