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Offshore Wind Submarine Cabling Overview Fisheries Technical Working Group
OFFSHOREoverview WIND SUBMARINE CABLING Fisheries Technical Working Group Final Report | Report Number 21-14 | April 2021 NYSERDA’s Promise to New Yorkers: NYSERDA provides resources, expertise, and objective information so New Yorkers can make confident, informed energy decisions. Our Vision: New York is a global climate leader building a healthier future with thriving communities; homes and businesses powered by clean energy; and economic opportunities accessible to all New Yorkers. Our Mission: Advance clean energy innovation and investments to combat climate change, improving the health, resiliency, and prosperity of New Yorkers and delivering benefits equitably to all. Courtesy, Equinor, Dudgeon Offshore Wind Farm Offshore Wind Submarine Cabling Overview Fisheries Technical Working Group Final Report Prepared for: New York State Energy Research and Development Authority Albany, NY Morgan Brunbauer Offshore Wind Marine Fisheries Manager Prepared by: Tetra Tech, Inc. Boston, MA Brian Dresser Director of Fisheries Programs NYSERDA Report 21-14 NYSERDA Contract 111608A April 2021 Notice This report was prepared by Tetra Tech, Inc. in the course of performing work contracted for and sponsored by the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (hereafter “NYSERDA”). The opinions expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect those of NYSERDA or the State of New York, and reference to any specific product, service, process, or method does not constitute an implied or expressed recommendation or endorsement of it. Further, NYSERDA, the State of New York, and the contractor make no warranties or representations, expressed or implied, as to the fitness for particular purpose or merchantability of any product, apparatus, or service, or the usefulness, completeness, or accuracy of any processes, methods, or other information contained, described, disclosed, or referred to in this report. -
Study on International Internet Connectivity in Sub-Saharan Africa March 2013
REGULATORY AND MARKET ENVIRONMENT International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Development Bureau Place des Nations STUDY ON INTERNATIONAL CH-1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland INTERNET CONNECTIVITY www.itu.int IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA MARCH 2013 Printed in Switzerland Telecommunication Development Sector Geneva, 2013 /2013 03 Study on international Internet connectivity in sub-Saharan Africa March 2013 This report has been prepared by Mr Abossé Akue-Kpakpo, under the direction of the Regulatory and Market Environment Division (RME) of the Telecommunication Development Bureau (BDT), in close coordination with ITU-T Study Group 3. The content of this report was presented during the seminars and meetings of the regional groups of the ITU Study Group 3 for Africa (SG3RG-AFR) in May 2012 and for Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC SG3RG) in March 2012. Please consider the environment before printing this report. © ITU 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, in part or in full, without the prior written permission of ITU. Study on international Internet connectivity in sub-Saharan Africa Foreword It is my pleasure to introduce this report on International Internet Connectivity (IIC) in sub-Saharan Africa; this is part of a series of regional reports that address the present situation of Internet connection as well as future developments and challenges. These reports have been developed through collaboration between the ITU Telecommunication Development Bureau (BDT) the Telecommunication Standardization Bureau (TSB) in view of supporting policy makers, national regulatory authorities and operators in understanding the many aspects of international Internet connectivity. The digital revolution of the 21st century is being underpinned and in many cases driven by the growth, access and use of the Internet, but it has also led us to a modern indicator of division and poverty: exclusion from this revolution, from access to the Internet or telephone, and from the benefits of today's information society. -
The Socio-Economic Impact of Broadband in Sub-Saharan Africa: the Satellite Advantage
The Socio-Economic Impact of Broadband in sub-Saharan Africa: The Satellite Advantage The Socio-Economic Impact of Broadband in sub-Saharan Africa: The Satellite Advantage By the Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation Page 1 The Socio-Economic Impact of Broadband in sub-Saharan Africa: The Satellite Advantage Executive Summary Broadband is not just a consequence of economic growth, it is also a cause. Sub-Saharan Africa has succeeded in the last decade in bringing voice services within the reach of some three quarters of the population, but the vast majority of the region is falling further behind the rest of the world in terms of broadband connectivity. There are two main reasons for this: supply is limited, and prices have been very high.1 Broadband is the delivery of Internet IP bandwidth (at speeds of 256 Kbps or more), and all of the content, services and applications which consume this bandwidth. The essential underpinning of broadband therefore is the need for a high capacity transmission backbone network capable of delivering this bandwidth. Providing an entry level 256 Kbps broadband service to hundreds, thousands or millions of customers requires a backbone transmission network with sufficient capacity to do so. And each time an operator increases its broadband service from 256 Kbps to 512 Kbps, 2 Mbps, or even 100 Mbps, this in turn escalates the capacity requirements of the transmission backbone network. The evolving broadband geography of sub-Saharan Africa reflects changes in the underlying level and pattern of supply of this trunk transmission capacity, and the pricing of that capacity. All of Africa’s international Internet bandwidth is supplied by satellite, submarine cables or terrestrial networks connected to submarine cables. -
Co-Operation Between Municipalities and Pharmacies on Local Disease
- El-Souri Mira* Cooperation between municipalities and community - Andrés L** - Burghle A* - Faber NH** - Friese B* pharmacies on local prevention and health promotion - Husted GR* - Rossing C* – what are the opportunities? * Pharmakon, Danish College of Pharmacy Practice Milnersvej 42, 3400 Hillerød, Denmark ** The Danish Commitee for Health Education, Classensgade 71, 5. sal 2100 København Ø, Denmark Contact information: ”The cooperation has been an eye opener - we can use each other for the benefit of our citizens” Gitte Reventlov Husted [email protected] Background Methods Study settings There is a current lack of knowledge on how A user involvement approach was chosen for the Five municipalities and six pharmacies (figure 1). pharmacies can be involved in cooperation with development of the collaboration model. Jammerbugt Municipality One pair from each Danish region participated in Aabybro Pharmacy municipalities to participate in health promotion a 1 ½ day-start-up seminar followed by a three and disease prevention. It seems that there is Through workshops1 the parties were guided to: Gladsaxe Municipality months study period (November 2017 till January Søborg Pharmacy an unutilized potential for involving pharmacies - define the target group of vulnerable citizens 2018). in disease prevention and health promotion and in their local area Ikast Brande Municipality Ikast Pharmacy linking them more closely to the rest of the health - agree on choice of healthcare service to Each collaborating pair worked together to system for the benefit of the individual citizen – deliver in collaboration provide an agreed service to 20 citizens and to ensure patient safety. - draft a plan on how to effectively cooperate in (100 in total). -
Detailed Project Report for Connecting Lakshadweep Islands on Submarine
DETAILED PROJECT REPORT FOR CONNECTING LAKSHADWEEP ISLANDS ON SUBMARINE OFC Contents 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 11 1.1 BACKGROUND 11 1.2 METHODOLOGY TO PREPARE THE DPR 11 1.3 BROAD FINDINGS 12 1.3.1 SUBMARINE CABLE LENGTH AND TYPE 12 1.3.2. SITE SURVEY 12 1.3.3. SUBMARINE SYSTEM DESIGN 12 1.3.4. PROPOSED TOPOLOGIES 14 1.3.5 PROJECT TIMELINES 16 2.0 INTRODUCTION 17 2.1 ABOUT LAKSHADWEEP 17 2.2 PRESENT TELECOM SCENARIO 18 2.3 ISSUES IN PRESENT TELECOM CONNECTIVITY 19 2.4 CHALLENGES IN DEVELOPING RELIABLE TELECOM CONNECTIVITY 19 2.5 TCIL SCOPE OF WORK 19 3.0 ASSESMENT OF TELECOM CONNECTIVITY REQUIREMENTS 22 3.1 IDENTIFY THE FACTORS REQUIRING RELIABLE TELECOM CONNECTIVITY 22 3.2 ESTIMATION OF TELECOM BANDWDITH REQUIREMENT IN LAKSHADWEEP 23 4.1 ABOUT SUBMARINE OFC SYSTEM 26 4.1.1 WET PLANT COMPONENTS 27 4.1.2 DRY PLANT 32 4.2 CAPACITY OF SUBMARINE OFC LINKS 33 4.3. MARINE SERVICES 43 4.4. WORLDWIDE CABLE NETWORKS 48 5.0 DESKTOP STUDY 52 5.1. SITE VISIT FINDINGS 53 5.2. CABLE TYPES 55 5.3. CABLE BURIAL 56 6. LAKSHADWEEP NETWORK ARCHITECTURE 72 6.1. BACKGROUND 72 6.1.1. TRAI REPORT 72 6.2. ROUTE SELECTION 73 6.3. TOPOLOGY 73 6.4. SYSTEM DESIGN 79 6.4.1. NUMBER OF FIBER IN LAKSHADWEEP SUBMARINE OPTICAL FIBER CABLE 79 6.4.2. SUBMARINE EQUIPMENT CONFIGURATION IN LAKSHADWEEP 81 6.5. KEY DESIGN PARAMETERS 84 6.6. REDUNDANCY 85 7. PROJECT COST 87 7.1. -
Afrique Africa
CAF 3 2021 Cover_Layout 1 17/08/2021 05:53 Page 1 Special Anniversary Issue Africa Afrique www.communicationsafrica.com THIRTY YEARS THAT CHANGED A CONTINENT Africa’s communications revolution Subsea cable Morocco deployment Why e-commerce is Innovation under the here to stay ocean Fixed wireless VSATs access Intelligent approaches Is 5G FWA a way to remote education forward for Africa? features: ● Analogue TV on the way out ● SDN on the way in ● Data centres on the way to everywhere regular reports: ● Agenda ● Solutions S01 CAF 3 2021 Start_Layout 1 17/08/2021 05:59 Page 2 S01 CAF 3 2021 Start_Layout 1 18/08/2021 08:39 Page 3 CONTENTS Agenda 4 Quotes 6 Events 8 Solutions 32 Cover photographs supplied by Malawi Administration / Adobe Stock FEATURES / Alain Charles Publishing A note from the Editor Communications Africa: thirtieth anniversary 10 The past thirty years have seen many major developments in the African telecommunications market. We asked THIRTY YEARS AGO, when this magazine some of the companies that have helped to bring connectivity to the continent to choose the ones they feel have was first published, communications been the most significant. technology in Africa was unreliable and, often, unavailable. Then mobile networks arrived. Data centres 12 It has undoubtedly been the mobile A new era for data centres in Zimbabwe. Plus a look at more efficient data centre design and a round-up of recent phone that has done the most to developments. transform African communications since 1991 – but today satellite Subsea cable deployment 15 communications and subsea fibre are helping to continue the transformation. -
Emergency Management Assessment for Esbjerg Municipality
Emergency management assessment for Esbjerg Municipality 4th SEMESTER MSc. Risk and Safety Management Master Thesis January 10th 2017 Title: Abstract Emergency management assessment for Esbjerg Municipality The purpose of this project is to assess the emergency management setup of the municipality and the fire Theme: department of Esbjerg, Denmark. Furthermore, Master Thesis analyze an emergency situation exercise with the municipal management team, incorporating assistance Project Period: with a simulation software. Fall Semester 2016 First of all, a preliminary understanding of the current Project Group: emergency management setup is carried out, including RISK4-3-E16 legislation standards, the organizational structure, and Participants: the current emergency plans. In addition, a Numa Toro hypothetical emergency scenario is created, combined Ole Bjørn Pedersen with the use of a simulation software, in order to assess the team’s performance. Moreover, a FRAM model is Supervisor: created to describe outcomes based on a variability in Anders Schmidt Kristensen socio-technical systems. Dewan Ashan In conclusion, improvement can be drawn out of the Page Numbers: 81 emergency management performance during the Date of Completion: exercise simulation, such as communication, response January 10th 2017 time during decision making, and solutions quality. As well as the incorporation of simulation software to aid in the training and practice exercises. I II Acronyms AAU Aalborg University DEMA Danish Emergency Management Agency DMI Danmarks Meterologiske -
Iodine, Inorganic and Soluble Salts
Iodine, inorganic and soluble salts Evaluation of health hazards and proposal of a health-based quality criterion for drinking water Environmental Project No. 1533, 2014 Title: Editing: Iodine, inorganic and soluble salts Elsa Nielsen, Krestine Greve, John Christian Larsen, Otto Meyer, Kirstine Krogholm, Max Hansen Division of Toxicology and Risk Assessment National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark Published by: The Danish Environmental Protection Agency Strandgade 29 1401 Copenhagen K Denmark www.mst.dk/english Year: ISBN no. Authored 2013. 978-87-93026-87-2 Published 2014. Disclaimer: When the occasion arises, the Danish Environmental Protection Agency will publish reports and papers concerning research and development projects within the environmental sector, financed by study grants provided by the Danish Environmental Protection Agency. It should be noted that such publications do not necessarily reflect the position or opinion of the Danish Environmental Protection Agency. However, publication does indicate that, in the opinion of the Danish Environmental Protection Agency, the content represents an important contribution to the debate surrounding Danish environmental policy. Sources must be acknowledged. 2 Iodine, inorganic and soluble salts Content CONTENT 3 PREFACE 5 1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION 6 1.1 IDENTITY 6 1.2 PRODUCTION AND USE 6 1.3 ENVIRONMENTAL OCCURRENCE AND FATE 7 1.3.1 Air 7 1.3.2 Water 7 1.3.3 Soil 8 1.3.4 Foodstuffs 10 1.3.5 Bioaccumulation 11 1.4 HUMAN EXPOSURE 11 2 TOXICOKINETICS 15 2.1 ABSORPTION 15 -
Report Miavibehansen
Developing Rural Mobility A CASE STUDY OF ALSELV By Mia Lodberg Vibe-Hansen, 20191883 MSc4 Mobilities & Urban studies Group: Ma4-urb19 Submitted 26.05.2021 Developing Rural Mobility A CASE STUDY OF ALSLEV BY MIA LODBERG VIBE-HANSEN SUBMITTED 26.05.2021 _________________________________________________ Student: Mia Lodberg Vibe-Hansen, 20191883 _________________________________________________ Supervisor: Claus Lassen 1 I Abstract Today there is an imbalance between the cities and the rural areas in Denmark. Many of the municipalities placed in rural Denmark are struggling with an increasing opt-out of their cities, which affects many areas within the municipality. The challenges of shrinking cities in rural areas are often seen in a generalizing and overall perspective, making it difficult to see the potentials within the individual city. Approached by a cross disciplinary mobilities perspective that is included in the new mobilities paradigm (Urry 2000), this project aims to explore the city of Alslev in Varde Municipality, in relation to the challenges of shrinking cities in rural Denmark. To see, if by adding a mobilities perspective, could unfold the city in a new perspective, which could give rise to new potentials and extend the knowledge upon which urban planners explore a city, and hopefully bring something new to the discussion of developing the rural areas within the municipality. By analysing the rural mobilities of Alslev, it will be studied how Alslev performs as a ‘place’ to identify what are the strengths of Alslev, and what could have potential for improvement. With a focus on everyday life, the citizens of Alslev’s everyday activities are used as a focal point for the mobilities perspective. -
Kemisk Grundvandskortlægning
DANMARKS OG GRØNLANDS GEOLOGISKE UNDERSØGELSE RAPPORT 2020/11 Danish review on advances in assessing: N retention in the subsurface in relation to future targeted N-regulation of agriculture November 2019 Birgitte Hansen, Anders Vest Christiansen, Tommy Dalgaard, Flemming Jørgensen, Bo V. Iversen, Jakob Juul Larsen, Charlotte Kjærgaard, Brian H. Jacobsen, Esben Auken, Anker Lajer Højberg & Stefan Schaper Geological survey of Øster Voldgade 10 GEUS is a research and advisory Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) DK-1350 Copenhagen K institution in the Danish Ministry GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF DENMARK AND GREENLAND Denmark of Climate, Energy and Utilities DANISH MINISTRY OF CLIMATE, ENERGY AND UTILITIES DANMARKS OG GRØNLANDS GEOLOGISKE UNDERSØGELSE RAPPORT 2020/11 Danish review on advances in assessing: N retention in the subsurface in relation to future targeted N-regulation of agriculture November 2019 Birgitte Hansen, Anders Vest Christiansen, Tommy Dalgaard, Flemming Jørgensen, Bo V. Iversen, Jakob Juul Larsen, Charlotte Kjærgaard, Brian H. Jacobsen, Esben Auken, Anker Lajer Højberg & Stefan Schaper GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF DENMARK AND GREENLAND DANISH MINISTRY OF CLIMATE, ENERGY AND UTILITIES 2 G E U S DE NATIONALE GEOLOGISKE UNDERSØGELSER FOR DANMARK OG GRØNLAND KLIMA- OG ENERGIMINISTERIET 3 Affiliation of authors Birgitte Hansen: GEUS Anders Vest Christiansen: Department of Geosciences, AU Tommy Dalgaard: Department of Agroecology, AU Flemming Jørgensen: Central Denmark Region Bo V. Iversen: Department of Agroecology, AU Jakob Juul Larsen: Department of Engineering, AU Charlotte Kjærgaard: SEGES, Landbrug og Fødevare Brian H. Jacobsen: Department of Food and Resource Economics, KU Esben Auken: Department of Geosciences, AU Anker Lajer Højberg: GEUS Stefan Schaper: Department of Management, BSS, AU 4 G E U S Content 1. -
Western Coast of Jutland (Denmark)
EUROSION Case Study WESTERN COAST OF JUTLAND (DENMARK) Contact: Paul SISTERMANS Odelinde NIEUWENHUIS DVH GROUP 7 Laan 1914 nr.35, 3818 EX Amersfoort PO Box 219 3800 AE Amersfoort – The Netherlands Tel: +31 (0)33 468 37 00 Fax: +31 (0)33 468 37 48 [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] 1 EUROSION Case Study 1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA 1.1 Physical process level 1.1.1 Classification The Danish coastline is 7400 km long. There are three different types of coast in Denmark: 1. Tidal coast protected by sea dykes; 2. Highly exposed North Sea coast; 3. Less exposed coasts of Baltic Sea and Kattegat. The Western coast of Jutland belongs to the highly exposed North Sea coast. The typical Danish coast facing the North Sea is a sandy beach, in front of dune ridges. The west coast of Jutland is a shoreline of adjustment controlled by promontories and with embayments protected by offshore bars. It is typified as a highly exposed micro tidal sandy coast, according to the typology in the scoping study: 3a. Wave dominated sediment. Plains. Fig. 1: Location of case area. Dune coasts in micro-tidal zones. 1.1.2 Geology During the Pleistocene glaciations, Denmark was an area of peripheral accumulation in contrast to Norway and Sweden, which mainly constituted an erosion area. The Scandinavian ice sheet did not cover the whole of Denmark during the Weichselien; it’s western margin stopped in northwestern and central Jutland. The surface of southwest Jutland is dominated by sediments of the Saalian glaciation, while deposits of the Weichselien glaciation form the surface layers in the northern and eastern Denmark. -
Nber Working Paper Series the Arrival of Fast Internet
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE ARRIVAL OF FAST INTERNET AND EMPLOYMENT IN AFRICA Jonas Hjort Jonas Poulsen Working Paper 23582 http://www.nber.org/papers/w23582 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 July 2017 We thank Sebastian Axbard, Niklas Bengtsson, Martina Björkman-Nyqvist, Greg Bruich, Esther Duflo, Ray Fisman, Oded Galor, Francois Gerard, Amit Khandelwal, Erik Lindqvist, Mushfiq Mobarak, Kalle Moene, Eva Mörk, Anders Olofsgård, Michel Serafinelli, Kjetil Storesletten, Eric Verhoogen, Tim Waters, Frank Windmeijer, Chris Woodruff, and seminar participants at Barcelona Summer Forum, Bocconi, Brown, Columbia, Harvard, IGC Growth Week, NBER Summer Institute, Oslo, Oxford, Stockholm School of Economics, UBC, and Uppsala for comments and suggestions, and Sawal Acharya, Patrick Kennedy, and Roxanne Rahnama for great research assistance. We are especially grateful to Henrik Sigstad and Matthieu Teachout for many helpful conversations, and to Akamai, Steve Song, and the World Bank for data access. Hjort thanks the Center for Development Economics and Policy at Columbia University for financial support. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer-reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. © 2017 by Jonas Hjort and Jonas Poulsen. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. The Arrival of Fast Internet and Employment in Africa Jonas Hjort and Jonas Poulsen NBER Working Paper No.