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Chapter 10 Video in the Glencoe Video Program se Historical Association se Historical The White House, Washington, D.C. Peter Gridley/Getty Images; (c)SuperStock; (r)National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution/Art Resource, NY; (l)White Hou Smithsonian Institution/Art Resource, NY; Peter Gridley/Getty Images; (c)SuperStock; (r)National Portrait Gallery, 1825 1835 1845 1828 1838 1841 Andrew Jackson Cherokee President William elected president begin Trail Henry Harrison of Tears dies in office Chapter Overview Visit ca.hs m r a preview of C s.glencoe.co fo hapter 10. Jacksonian Democracy Political ideas and major events shape how people form governments. President Andrew Jackson brought many changes to the American political system. The Removal of Native Americans Differences in economic, political, and social beliefs and practices can lead to division within a nation and have lasting consequences. Many Native Americans were forced off their lands in the Southeast. Jackson and the Bank Differences in economic, political, and social beliefs and practices can lead to division within a nation and have lasting consequences. Economic issues had a strong effect on politics and government in the mid-1800s. View the Chapter 10 video in the Glencoe Video Program. Evaluating Information Make this foldable to help you ask and answer questions about the Jackson era. Step 1 Fold a sheet of paper in half from side Step 2 Turn the paper and fold it Reading and Writing 1 to side, leaving a —— -inch tab along the side. into fourths. As you read, ask yourself 2 “who” Andrew Jackson was, “what” he did, Leave Fold in half, “when” he did it, and 1 then fold in 2 -inch tab “why” it happened. here. half again. Write your thoughts and facts under each appropriate tab. Step 3 Unfold and cut up along the three Step 4 Label your foldable as fold lines. shown. Make four tabs. Who? What? When? Why? CHAPTER 10 • The Age of Jackson 443 Peter Gridley/Getty Images Question-and-Answer Relationships Knowing how to find answers to questions will help you on reviews and tests. Some answers can be found in the textbook, while other answers require you to go beyond the text. These answers might be based on knowledge you already have or things you have personally experienced. How were the Seminole able to resist removal? They joined forces with a group of African Americans The Seminole people of Florida were and used guerrilla tactics. the only Native Americans who success- fully resisted their removal. The This answer comes directly Seminole decided to go to war against the from the text. United States instead. In 1835 the Seminole joined forces with a group of African Americans who had run away to escape slavery. They used guerrilla tactics surprise attacks and(guh then• RIH retreating back • luh), making into the forests and swamps. —from page 455 As you read,keep track ofquestions you answer in the chapter. What are guerrilla tactics? This will help you remem- This answer is not directly ber what you have read. stated.You need to rely on information you already know or draw conclusions 444 based on how this term is used in the text. Read the excerpt below. Answer the following questions and discuss them with a partner. Read to Write Pick three Content Two months after Van Buren took Vocabulary terms from office, the country entered a severe Section 1 and write a economic depression, a period in which question about each business and employment fall to a very one. As you read the low level. The depression began with the section, write a sen- Panic of 1837, a time when land values tence or two answering dropped sharply, investments declined each question based on suddenly, and banks failed. what you learned. Within a few weeks, thousands of businesses had closed and hundreds of thousands of people had lost their jobs. Many Americans could not afford food or rent. —from page 460 • What is a depression? • What started the depression of 1837? • Do you think people who lived on farms or people who lived in cities were more deeply affected by the depression of 1837? Martin Van Buren Look closely at the Reading Check questions throughout the chapter. Which questions can be answered with infor- mation directly from the text? Which require you to go beyond the text? CHAPTER 10 • The Age of Jackson 445 Bettmann/CORBIS Jacksonian Democracy Looking Back, Looking Ahead Content Vocabulary In the last chapter, you learned about the favorite son History people and economy of the South. plurality (plu•RA•luh•tee) Social Science In this section, you will learn about mudslinging Standards the Jackson presidency. landslide US8.8 Students analyze suffrage the divergent paths of Focusing on the bureaucracy (byu•RAH•kruh•see) the American people in • Adams and Jackson introduced new the West from 1800 to spoils system the mid-1800s and the ways of campaigning in the elections caucus (KAW•kuhs) challenges they faced. of 1824 and 1828. (page 447) tariff (TAR•uhf) • The United States’s political system nullify changed under Andrew Jackson, secede (sih•SEED) becoming more democratic. (page 448) • The fight over tariffs divided the nation Academic Vocabulary and raised the question of states’ role (ROHL) rights versus the rights of the federal issue (IH• SHOO) government. (page 450) Reading Strategy Meeting People Organizing Information As you read Section 1, create a chart to describe the Henry Clay political parties in 1828. Andrew Jackson John Quincy Adams Candidate Views John C. Calhoun (kal•HOON) Democratic- Daniel Webster Republicans Robert Hayne (HAYN) National Republicans 1824 1828 1832 1825 1828 1830 John Quincy Andrew Webster and Adams wins Jackson Hayne debate presidency in elected House election president 446 CHAPTER 10 • The Age of Jackson (l)White House Historical Association, (r)White House Historical Association US8.8.1 Discuss the election of Andrew Jackson as president in 1828, the importance of Jacksonian democracy, and his actions as president (e.g., the spoils system, veto of the National Bank, policy of Indian removal, opposition to the Supreme Court). The Elections of 1824 and 1828 Adams was elected president. Adams then named Clay as secretary of state. Jackson’s fol- Adams and Jackson introduced new lowers accused the two men of making a “cor- ways of campaigning in the elections of 1824 rupt bargain” and stealing the election. and 1828. The “corrupt bargain,” as well as unpopular Reading Connection Think of the ways that pres- policies, cast a shadow over Adams’s presi- idential candidates campaign in current times.What dency. Adams favored a stronger navy and fed- methods do they use? Read on to find out how eral government direction of the economy. Such Adams and Jackson brought about new ways of ideas horrified people who wanted a more lim- campaigning. ited federal role. Congress turned down many of Adams’s proposals. The Election of 1828 By 1828 there were The Election of 1824 In 1824 several candi- two political parties: the Democratic- dates competed for the presidency. Three of Republicans, who supported Jackson, and the them were favorite sons, meaning their home National Republicans, who backed Adams. states supported them rather than the national The Democratic-Republicans favored states’ party. They were Henry Clay of Kentucky, rights and mistrusted strong central govern- Andrew Jackson of Tennessee, and John ment. Many Democrats were frontier people, Quincy Adams of Massachusetts, son of the immigrants, or city workers. The National former president. Republicans wanted a strong central govern- In the election Jackson won the most popu- ment. They supported federal measures, lar votes. However, no candidate received a such as road building and a national bank, majority, or more than half, of the electoral that would help the economy. Many were votes. Jackson won 99 electoral votes, giving merchants or farmers. him a plurality (plu•RA•luh•tee), or largest sin- During the campaign, both parties resorted gle share. Under the Twelfth Amendment, to mudslinging, attempts to ruin their oppo- when no candidate gets a majority of electoral nent’s reputation with insults. Supporters of votes, the House of Representatives selects the John Quincy Adams passed out a pamphlet president. attacking Jackson. One of the illustrations While the House prepared to vote, Clay and showed Jackson plunging his sword through Adams made an agreement. Clay would use his the body of a helpless civilian. Meanwhile, influence as Speaker of the House to defeat Jackson’s supporters accused Adams of kidnap- Jackson. In return, Clay may have hoped to ping a young American girl and selling her to become secretary of state. With Clay’s help, the ruler of Russia. Election of 1824 Electoral Popular House Candidate Vote Vote Vote Jackson 99 153,544 7 Adams 84 108,740 13 The presidential election of 1824 was decided in the House Crawford 41 46,618 4 of Representatives. Clay37 47,136 — Analyze Which candidate received the most electoral votes? CHAPTER 10 • The Age of Jackson 447 US8.8.1 Discuss the election of Andrew Jackson as president in 1828, the importance of Jacksonian democracy, and his actions as president (e.g., the spoils system, veto of the National Bank, policy of Indian removal, opposition to the Supreme Court). The parties also aroused enthusiasm with Jackson as President slogans, rallies, and buttons. These new strate- gies became a permanent part of American The United States’s political sys- political life. In the election, Jackson won the tem changed under Andrew Jackson, becoming votes of frontier people. He also did well in the more democratic. South, which liked his call for states’ rights. Reading Connection What are the requirements South Carolina’s John C.
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